Showing papers by "University of Gothenburg published in 1971"
TL;DR: The developmental profiles of individual gangliosides of human brain were compared with those of rat brain and a limited number of samples of human cerebral white matter and cerebellar cortex were studied.
Abstract: — The developmental profiles of individual gangliosides of human brain were compared with those of rat brain. Interest was focused mainly on the pre- and early postnatal development. Human frontal lobe cortex covering the period from 10 foetal weeks to adult age and the cerebrum of rat from birth to 21 days were analysed. Lipid-NANA and lipid-P were followed; in the rat, also protein and brain weight. A limited number of samples of human cerebral white matter and cerebellar cortex were also studied. The following major results were obtained:
1The ganglioside concentration increased approximately three-fold within a short period: in rat cerebrum, from birth to the 17th day; in human cerebral cortex, from the 15th foetal week to the age of about 6 months. The largest increase in the rat brain occurred by the 11th to the 13th day; in human brain by term. The relative increase of gangliosides during this period was more rapid than that of phospholipids.
2A hitherto unknown distinct early period of ganglioside and phospholipid formation in rat occurred by the second to fourth day.
3The changes in brain ganglioside pattern, characteristic of the developmental stages of the rat, were found to be equally pronounced in the human brain.
4Regional developmental differences in the ganglioside pattern were demonstrated in human brain. A characteristic white matter pattern, rich in monosialogangliosides, had developed by the age of 1 year. The increase in ganglioside concentration and the formation of the definitive ganglioside pattern of cerebellar cortex occurred later than in cerebral cortex. This cerebellar pattern was characterized by a very large trisialoganglioside fraction.
5The two periods of rapid ganglioside metabolism in rat brain preceded the two periods of rapid protein biosynthesis.
278 citations
TL;DR: A method for calculating mean fat cell weight using osmium-fixed fat cells is described, which makes determinations of sample wet weight and ratio of lipid to wet weight unnecessary.
277 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest two forms of obesity, one of which is characterized by a hypertrophy of fat cells and is of a moderate degree (hypertrophic obesity) and the other has an increased number ofFat cell number and is associated with much more severe obesity, particularly since fat cell size is often increased also in these patients.
Abstract: Body fat and adipose tissue fat cell size and number were determined in a group of obese patients and in controls. These variables were analyzed at different degrees of obesity and compared with metabolic variables, including blood glucose and plasma insulin during glucose tolerance testing and blood lipids. Fat cell size was responsible for the increase of obese adipose tissue at a moderate degree of obesity. With more severe obesity, fat cell number becomes increasingly important and dominates as a factor contributing to obesity. Under conditions of unrestricted diet and activity, plasma insulin correlated positively with fat cell size but not with body fat, and tended to show a negative correlation with fat cell number. The factor in adipose tissue associated with plasma insulin increase is thus probably the fat cell size. The results suggest two forms of obesity. One is characterized by a hypertrophy of fat cells and is of a moderate degree (hypertrophic obesity). This type of obesity is associated with metabolic disturbances. Increased fat cell size might not be a primary factor in this form of obesity, but rather another symptom of metabolic disturbance. The other form (hyperplastic obesity) has an increased number of fat cells and is associated with much more severe obesity, particularly since fat cell size is often increased also in these patients.
233 citations
TL;DR: The results show that the larger cells of a specimen have a greater rate of lipid synthesis than the smaller cells of the same specimen, mainly due to an increase in the synthesis of glyceride-glycerol.
122 citations
TL;DR: During the two first weeks after injection adipose tissue triglyceride radioactivity increased after which it began to fall in some patients, and was found to be only a few per cent of all assimilated glucose in the body.
Abstract: . Radioactivity in adipose tissue triglycerides was followed after giving an intravenous injection of 25 g of glucose with 50 μCi of U-14C-glucose to 12 obese and 7 control patients. Seventy-five minutes after injection the radioactivity could be measured with sufficient precision. Recirculation of label was probably small during this period. Total adipose tissue glucose uptake could therefore be estimated knowing the variation of adipose tissue triglyceride radioactivity in different selected regions, and total body fat, and was found to be only a few per cent of all assimilated glucose in the body. Triglyceride radio-activity per gram of adipose tissue was similar in obese subjects and controls. Consequently total adipose tissue label was higher in the obese. Triglyceride radioactivity per fat cell correlated positively with fat cell size which in turn correlated positively with plasma insulin concentration. During the two first weeks after injection adipose tissue triglyceride radioactivity increased after which it began to fall in some patients.
122 citations
TL;DR: In middle-aged men, fat cell size correlated with plasma insulin concentration and the latter in combination with decreased glucose tolerance was associated with increased plasma triglyceride concentration, while in women, none of these associations were found.
Abstract: Body fat, adipose tissue fat cell size and number, plasma lipids, and glucose tolerance with plasma insulin were determined in randomly selected middle-aged men and women and in young men. Body fat correlated with both fat cell size and number. The associations with fat cell size were apparently somewhat stronger than with fat cell number. Middle-aged women had higher body fat than middle-aged men, but no difference could be demonstrated in fat cell size or number. Subjects whose weight was stable were characterized by a normal number of small fat cells. In middle-aged men, fat cell size correlated with plasma insulin concentration. The latter in combination with decreased glucose tolerance was associated with increased plasma triglyceride concentration. In women, none of these associations were found.
116 citations
TL;DR: The present study does not support the opinion that a removable partial denture per se will cause periodontal and carious lesions and it was found that clinically observable gingival inflammations tended to be greates...
Abstract: In the present longitudinal study the periodontal and prosthetic conditions in 30 patients treated with removable partial dentures and artificial crowns were followed over a period of 2 years. The patients were given individual instructions in oral and denture hygiene and adequate periodontal treatment before the prosthetic therapy was started. The removable partial dentures were carefully planned and designed. The patients were regularly checked, and necessary instructions, scaling and prosthetic corrections were undertaken. The patients cooperated excellently and no significant deterioration was found in the clinical periodontal status of the remaining teeth. Only a few carious lesions were registered. The present study does not support the opinion that a removable partial denture per se will cause periodontal and carious lesions. When teeth with artificial crowns were examined regarding the position of the crown margins it was found that clinically observable gingival inflammations tended to be greates...
103 citations
TL;DR: The normal cellular pattern and zonal distribution of the nuclei of the supporting and sensory cells of the olfactory epithelium is demonstrated in man and it is shown to be lost with age.
Abstract: Methods used in this enquiry are described; the significance of their combined use in investigational procedure is discussed. Surface studies show the relationship of the peripheral olfactory neuro...
102 citations
TL;DR: Fucose was incorporated into glycoproteins in the rabbit retinal ganglion cells and subsequently transported at a rapid rate along the optic pathway to the nerve terminals of the lateral geniculate body and the superior colliculus and radioautographic results indicated a preferential labelling of the terminal part of the axon.
Abstract: [3H]Fucose was incorporated into glycoproteins in the rabbit retinal ganglion cells and subsequently transported at a rapid rate along the optic pathway to the nerve terminals of the lateral geniculate body and the superior colliculus. Radioautographic results indicated a preferential labelling of the terminal part of the axon. Cell fractionation showed that the major part of the transported fucose-containing glycoproteins were associated with membranes. Sodium dodecy 1 sulphate electrophoresis of rapidly transported glycoproteins showed that most of the polypeptides had a mol. wt. of more than 40,000.
99 citations
TL;DR: A mathematical approach, which in conjunction with a recently developed roentgenologic technique allows for a complete analysis of the motion and is possible to express motion in the construction and concept of the helical axis of motion.
89 citations
TL;DR: Three variables of the range of movement of the mandible, maximal opening capacity, maximal protrusion, and maximal lateral movements were correlated with the morphology of the face as seen in profile radiographs in women with a mean age of 20 years, 8 months.
Abstract: – Three variables of the range of movement of the mandible, maximal opening capacity, maximal protrusion, and maximal lateral movements were correlated with the morphology of the face as seen in profile radiographs. The material consisted of 101 women with a mean age of 20 years, 8 months. Opening capacity was found to be correlated with the length of the cranial base and the mandible, the sagittal jaw relation, and the inclination of the mandibular ramus and the mandibular base. Protrusion was correlated with the cranial base length, the overjet and overbite, and the inclination of the mandibular ramus. Lateral movement was correlated with the cranial base length, the maxillary protrusion, and the overjet and overbite. Twenty-five to forty per cent of the interindividual variation in range of movement could be explained by interindividual variation in facial morphology. This was less than in a previous investigation of 10-year-old children.
TL;DR: Low filtration fractions in various types and stages of glomerulonephritis and systemic lupus erythematosus even at rather advanced renal impairment were observed and contrasted against the findings in cryptogenetic (essential) hypertension.
Abstract: A series of 160 Inulin/PAH clearances in 126 subjects was performed with the main emphasis on glomerular disorders. In 90 observations (67 subjects) simultaneous creatinine clearances were available. Earlier findings of the occurrence of high and supernormal CPAH in some cases of glomerulonephritis have been supported and extended to systemic lupus erythematosus. Low filtration fractions in various types and stages of glomerulonephritis and systemic lupus erythematosus even at rather advanced renal impairment were observed and contrasted against the findings in cryptogenetic (essential) hypertension. High CCr/CIn ratios have been observed not only in cases of advanced renal insufficiency but also in glomerular disorders in subjects with a mild or moderate reduction in Cm and a maintained or high CPAH at serum creatinine levels from 0.7 to 1.5 mg per 100 ml. Here, CCr/CIn ratios may be as high as 2.0 to close to 4. In some glomerular disorders, notably S.L.E., membranous glomerulonephritis, and transplant ...
TL;DR: A simple method for in vitro studies of human subcutaneous adipose tissue is described and explants with an initial mean cell size larger than about 95 μ showed a significant decrease in cell size during the incubation.
Abstract: A simple method for in vitro studies of human subcutaneous adipose tissue is described. Explants of adipose tissue have been maintained in vitro for 30 weeks in Parker medium 199. The morphology of cultured explants compared well with that of freshly excised specimens. In the absence of serum there was no outgrowth of fibroblast-like cells. When human serum was added to the medium at concentrations exceeding 5% there was a proliferation of fibroblast-like cells. This cell proliferation could still be obtained when serum was added after two weeks of culture in a serum free medium. The adipose cells were isolated with collagenase and the cell size determined. Explants with an initial mean cell size larger than about 95 μ showed a significant decrease in cell size during the incubation. This could not be attributed to a traumatic effect. Metabolic differences between large and small adipose cells was suggested as a possible reason.
TL;DR: In this article, a variation of the retruded and muscular position of the mandible under different recording conditions is discussed. But this variation is not considered in this paper. And it is not discussed in this article.
Abstract: (1971). Variation of Retruded and Muscular Position of Mandible Under Different Recording Conditions. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica: Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 423-437.
TL;DR: It is suggested that glucose tolerance and insulin secretion are subjected to seasonal variation in man as has previously been shown in laboratory animals.
Abstract: 1. The seasonal variation of fasting blood glucose, peroral glucose tolerance, fasting plasma insulin and triglycerides and the sum of insulin values during glucose tolerance test was studied in 100 patients who had suffered a myocardial infarction. These patients comprised a population of all men who had suffered a myocardial infarction below the age of 55 years and had survived. 2. The material was divided into four numerically equal groups covering two dark, cold periods and two warm, light periods of the year. 3. Lower fasting blood glucose and insulin values during glucose tolerance test as well as a trend to higher glucose tolerance were found during the warm, light part of the year in comparison with winter. Triglycerides and fasting insulin values did not vary significantly in these infarction patients. The variation could not be explained by a difference in age or body weight between the groups. 4. It is suggested that glucose tolerance and insulin secretion are subjected to seasonal variation in man as has previously been shown in laboratory animals.
TL;DR: The vascular pattern of the cochlea was compared in guinea pigs of different ages by a previously presented method of contrast injection and the anatomical findings are similar in the newborn and old guinea pig which is consistent with the very sparse information published on the subject.
Abstract: The vascular pattern of the cochlea was compared in guinea pigs of different ages by a previously presented method of contrast injection. The anatomical findings are similar in the newborn and old guinea pigs which is consistent with the very sparse information published on the subject. The appearance of the vessel of the basilar membrane, also called vas spirale, is similar in newborn and old guinea pigs in spite of its large embryonic size. Differences between young and old animals consisted of a thicker bone in the bulla and cochlear capsula, a more frequent occurrence of otitis media and of pigment surrounding the spiral modiolar artery in the old animals. Consequently the newborn and young animals can be recommended for vascular studies.
TL;DR: The results indicated that the two components of PEF were immunogenically identical and that the difference in molecular weights might result from aggregation.
Abstract: The host cell penetration factor (PEF) of Toxoplasma gondii was studied by biochemical and immunological techniques. Sephadex gel filtration of an ammonium sulfate-precipitated PEF yielded two components with different molecular weight, but both having penetration-enhancing activity. The methods for purification removed at least 99.9% of extraneous protein. For demonstration of a significant enhancement of penetration, 0.001 mug of protein was sufficient. Biochemically, they appeared to be acid proteins with the same electrophoretic mobility. Both components showed maximal enhancement of penetration at pH 7.6 and 37 C. PEF antisera reduced the penetrative capacity of Toxoplasma parasites. The penetration-enhancing effect of the two components of PEF was inhibited by antiserum against any of them. Moreover, immunologically identical immunoprecipitates were obtained when antiserum reacted with the two components. The results thus indicated that the two components of PEF were immunogenically identical and that the difference in molecular weights might result from aggregation. Immunofluorescence indicated that PEF was related to cytoplasmic structures located in the anterior end of Toxoplasma. A possible relation between these structures and the paired organelle or the convoluted tubes was discussed. The number of parasites with immunofluorescence was low shortly after host cell penetration and increased during the intracellular life of the parasites after kinetics, previously observed for synthesis of PEF as well as for lysosomal activity of Toxoplasma.
TL;DR: The masticatory performance in three patient series has been studied by following the position of two different bolus materials, and a difference in the duration of the chewing cycle between the two types of test bolus could be observed.
Abstract: The masticatory performance in three patient series has been studied by following the position of two different bolus materials. The positions of the test bolus were recorded by a cineradiographic method. Continuous mastication was recorded in about twenty chewing cycles for each subject with two test foods. The pattern of mastication varied between the series. The subjects in the dentulous series did not use the anterior part of the mouth to the same extent as those in the complete denture, and complete upper and partial lower denture series. The chewing was unilateral in about 68 per cent of the subjects, with alternate use of the left and right sides. The duration of an average chewing cycle was also studied. There were no differences between the three patient series. On the other hand a difference in the duration of the chewing cycle between the two types of test bolus could be observed.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the enzyme(s) catalyzing the three reactions belong to the class of oxygenases for which a 2-keto acid functions for oxygen reduction.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used sigmoid curves to select the optimal method for evaluating the end point of a particular potentiometric titration, with respect to systematic error, precision and time required.
TL;DR: Intra-oral graphic recordings were made of the retruded contact position (“centric relation”) of the mandible after terminal hinge movement in 10 males, which could be registered with good precision in both the antero-posterior and medio-lateral direction.
TL;DR: The axonal transport of proteins in retinal ganglion cells of the adult rat was studied after intraocular injection of [3H]leucine; a dose of 0·2 μg colchicine or more caused almost complete inhibition of the rapid phase, whereas a small fraction of the slowly migrating proteins was still transported to the terminals.
TL;DR: Albino rats exposed to hot or cool visible light of low or moderate intensities at room temperature and histochemical methods are examined, it is proposed that light-induced retinal damage is caused by disturbance of the exchange of metabolites and fluid across the epithelial cells, which is induced by light damage to these cells.
TL;DR: Changes in the organization of the nerve endings along the outer perivascular basement membrane in relation to the ependymal vascular feet were considered.
Abstract: The development of the external zone of the median eminence of the mouse was studied in the electron microscope. The examination follows the development of the embryo from the 15th day of the gestation period and the juvenile growth until 24 days of age.
TL;DR: The effects in vivo of a biguanide (Metformin) on intestinal enzyme activities and vitamin B12 and folic acid absorption can be summarized as follows: enzyme activities of the brush border of the mucosal cell of the upper intestine were influenced and disaccharidase activities were reduced.
Abstract: The effects in vivo of a biguanide (Metformin) on intestinal enzyme activities and vitamin B12 and folic acid absorption can be summarized as follows. 1. The enzyme activities of the brush border of the mucosal cell of the upper intestine were influenced. 2. The disaccharidase activities were reduced, although not to such an extent as to be expected to impair disaccharide absorption. 3. Vitamin B12 absorption was significantly reduced, as measured by Schilling test. 4. Serum folic acid levels were significantly reduced, possibly due to a decreased intestinal absorption of dietary folic acid.
TL;DR: The findings suggest the presence of an adrenergic regulation of blood flow in the rat incisor pulp and consequently an indirect nervous influence on the dentinogenesis and the possible relation between a suggested circadian rhythm in the activity of peripheral adrenergic neurons and the incremental pattern of the Dentin is discussed.
Abstract: – The presence of adrenergic axons and nerve terminals has been demonstrated in the rat incisor pulp by means of the histochemical fluorescence method of Hillarp & Falck. Adrenergic, nerve terminals in close connection with blood vessel walls were observed at all levels in this tissue, although there was an excess in the apical region. Administration of a MAO-inhibitor and noradrenaline increased the fluorescence intensity markedly, while reserpine and sympathectomy could abolish the fluorescence. The findings suggest the presence of an adrenergic regulation of blood flow in the rat incisor pulp and consequently an indirect nervous influence on the dentinogenesis. The possible relation between a suggested circadian rhythm in the activity of peripheral adrenergic neurons and the incremental pattern of the dentin is discussed.
TL;DR: To study the effects of estrogen and progesterone on granulation tissue outside the infected oral cavity oophorectomized female rabbits were given injections of estrogen, and the onset of collagen formation was inhibited.
Abstract: To study the effects of estrogen and progesterone on granulation tissue outside the infected oral cavity oophorectomized female rabbits were given injections of estrogen and/or progesterone. The period of acute inflammation and collagen formation in oophorectomized rabbits is unaffected by estradiol. Progesterone aggravated the acute inflammatory reaction during the lag phase. This included enhanced vascular exudation. The onset of collagen formation was inhibited. After the phase of acute inflammation there is high vascularization which enhances the synthesis of collagen. When estradiol and progesterone are given in combination the lag phase is increased and collagen synthesis retarded.
01 Dec 1971
TL;DR: In this article, a Shuttleworth treatment for pure and mixed insoluble surface films is developed and compared with equivalent formalisms based on (i) the chemical potential of the film-forming substance at the surface and on (ii) a corresponding molar Helmholtz surface free energy.
Abstract: The application of thermodynamics in a rigorous way to pure and mixed insoluble surface films is considered. A Shuttleworth kind of treatment is developed and is compared with equivalent formalisms based on (i) the chemical potential of the film-forming substance at the surface and on (ii) a corresponding molar Helmholtz surface free energy. It is emphasized that complete thermodynamic studies of insoluble surface films must include measurements of equilibrium spreading properties and integration of each surface-pressure-molar-area isotherm.
TL;DR: The first visible primordia of the sympathetic chain appear in the anterior thoracic region and run caudally through 8 segments in an embryo of 11 gestation days, and during the following days the trunk develops into ganglia with interganglionic fibers.
Abstract: The first visible primordia of the sympathetic chain appear in the anterior thoracic region and run caudally through 8 segments in an embryo of 11 gestation days. At 12 gestation days the trunk reaches from the base of the skull into the sacral region. During the following days the trunk develops into ganglia with interganglionic fibers. At 16 gestation days there is a well developed trunk with a cranial ganglion cervicale superior and a ganglion stellatum in the anterior part of the thoracic region. In the remaining sympathetic chain there are segmentally arranged ganglia but in this common pattern large differences are noticed. At the 13th gestation day the first signs of the adrenal medulla and the splanchnic plexus appear in the form of sympathoblasts ventral to the sympathetic chain. The migration of sympathoblasts into the primordia of the adrenal cortex goes on for 3 days while the migration to the splancnic plexus in the mesenchym ventral and lateral to the aorta goes on at least 2 more days.