Showing papers in "Journal of Biomechanics in 1971"

TL;DR: Experimental head impact and whiplash injury experiments have been conducted in 3 sub-human primate species in order to define tolerance thresholds for onset of cerebral concussion to support a hypothesis that approximately half of the potential for brain injury during impact to the unprotected movable head is related to head rotation.

TL;DR: It is shown that such a model alone cannot be used to describe the behavior of bone, and the existence of a non-linear dependence of elastic moduli on composition of hard tissue is indicated.

TL;DR: The results show that there is no detectable variation in the properties for all specimen orientations tangent to the surface of the skull, and these data provide a basis for selecting candidate materials for a physical head model.

TL;DR: Anisotropic and isotropic elastic properties are computed and compared with similar properties derived from experimental observations of the anisotropic behavior of bone.

TL;DR: The method takes into account the limited and variable thickness of cartilage and permits variations in cartilage stiffness on the femoral head, as measured by the creep modulus, to be recorded.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the function of joint incongruity is to allow the articular surfaces to come out of contact at light loads so that the cartilage may be exposed to synovial fluid for the purposes of nutrition and lubrication.

TL;DR: Layered maps and histograms showing the variation of both cartilage stiffness and indentation are presented.

TL;DR: The low Reynolds number flow of a Newtonian fluid in a circular cylindrical tube involving a series of traveling nodal constrictions, which is axisymmetric and infinitely sharp, is studied.

TL;DR: The layered beam theory used in this study was found to provide a valid relationship between the constituent material properties and structural geometry of layered cranial bone and its flexural response.

TL;DR: Results obtained from torsional tests of fresh dog tibiae and femora tested at both high and low loading rates indicate increased energy absorption, increased maximum torque, and slightly increased angular deformation under rapid loads.

TL;DR: Miniature accelerometers and pressure transducers were placed in the brain to measure its response to vibration at constant g-levels and variable frequency and indicated that the brain is very nearly critically damped.

TL;DR: A discrete-parameter model of the human body under a variety of impact situations is developed, emphasizing the spine as the main load-carrying element, and results show that bending deformations of the spinal column appreciably affect the overall body response.

TL;DR: A mathematical approach, which in conjunction with a recently developed roentgenologic technique allows for a complete analysis of the motion and is possible to express motion in the construction and concept of the helical axis of motion.

TL;DR: An examination of the loading distribution in the cervical spine showed that maximums were reached during the hyperextension phase and were of greatest magnitude in the low cervical region, which made them larger and consequently more damaging for seatbacks of decreasing stiffness characteristics.

TL;DR: It was found that the instantaneouscenter of rotation of the L 3 - L 4 disc was anterior to the facet joints and in the region of the posterior part of the nucleus; further, the center of rotation tended to move towards the side to which rotation was forced.

TL;DR: Equations of motion for a model of the human body are developed using vector, tensor, and matrix methods to provide the displacement and rotation of the main body when the external forces and relative limb motions are specified.

TL;DR: The theory of micropolar fluids with stretch is used to analyze blood flow in comparatively small arteries, say 100 μ dia, and explicit expressions of the velocity, microrotation velocity, microstretch are obtained.

TL;DR: No significant correlations occurred between modulus of elasticity and any of the histological variables between adult human tibias and cortical bone samples.

TL;DR: Finite element analysis was used to analyze the elastic structural response of the corneo-scleral shell with a complex geometry subjected to an intraocular pressure of 17 mmHg and tonometric loadings.

TL;DR: Hill's three-component model (Maxwell model) is used to represent the mechanical property of cardiac muscle and the following responses can be simulated mathematically: isometric twitch at various muscle lengths, tension-length relationships; isometric contraction during quick stretch; and the Bowditch Treppe and tension velocity relationships of the contractile element.

TL;DR: The bend- ing stiffnesses and strengths of cranial sutures were found to be generally the same as compar- able layered cranial bone structures.

TL;DR: It is suggested that in vivo measurement of femoral mechanical impedance may allow determination of the degree of union of healing fractures of this bone.

TL;DR: The so-called Maxwell and Voigt models of muscles are shown to be equivalent, so that one is convertible into the other, if the series elasticity is not assumed to be absolutely independent of the muscle length.

TL;DR: The kinematics of the thoracic spine is presented along with experimental methods employed in the observations and the findings are interpreted in the context of theoretical implications related to etiology and treatment of scoliosis.

TL;DR: The relative importance of the rheological properties of the cellular components is seen to vary with the magnitude of the shear stress applied, and their possible use in evaulating mechanical site predilection in atherosclerosis is presented.

TL;DR: Equations of motion are derived using the principle of conservation of angular momentum, aided by a systematic organization of the complex geometry providing roll, pitch, and yaw motions of the human body model.

TL;DR: It is disclosed from the comparison that the speed at which the bubble dissolves into the liquid is accelerated as the velocity of the flowing liquid is increased.

TL;DR: The applications of the study include the dissolution of gas emboli in human body and the extracorporeal oxygenation of the blood during open heart surgery.

TL;DR: It is concluded that surface friction as well as intrinsic properties of the cartilage (strength and stiffness) are major determinants of its wear properties.