Showing papers by "University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute published in 2016"

Screening for Pseudomonas and Bacillus antagonistic rhizobacteria strains for the biocontrol of Fusarium wilt of chickpea

Abstract: The aim of this work is to study the ability of several isolates belonging to Rhizobacteria ( Pseudomonas and Bacillus ) collected from several chickpea growing areas in Algeria, to control the mycelium growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. c iceris. Interesting isolates were characterized for their morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical activities as potential bio-control agent. Fungal inhibition tests were performed using plate assay and each isolate were tested for the production of protease, cyanide hydrogen, indole acetic acid, antifungal volatile and extracellular compound. According to API 50 CH, we are able to identify six Bacillus species ( B. subtilis , B. circulans , B. lentus , B. aneurinilyticus , B. firmus , B. licheniformis ; and with API 20NE test we have identified three Pseudomonas species ( P. aeruginosa , P. luteola , P. fluorescens ) . The ability of bacterial isolates was varied in production of Protease, Gelatinase, Amylase, Cellulase, Acid Indole acetic, Lipase, Catalase and Cyanid Hydrogen. This is traduced in different rate of inhibition growth due to various extracellular compounds, where B61 ( Bacillus aneurinilyticus) and P39 ( Pseudomonas luteola ) and P70 ( Pseudomonas fluorescens) were the most efficient with 77 and 55.5% respectively, while B39 ( Bacillus firmus ) and P41 ( Pseudomonas luteola ) were the most efficient by volatile compounds with 70.5 and 77.5% respectively. Our results indicate that these bacteria isolates can be used in the biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. c iceris.

MicroRNAs and Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Cancers.

Abstract: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has been shown to be associated with increased risk of locoregional recurrence, poor prognosis and decreased survival, especially in older patients. Hence, there is a need for a reliable biomarker for the prediction of LNM in this cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene translation or degradation and play key roles in numerous cellular functions including cell-cycle regulation, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion and migration. Various studies have demonstrated deregulation of miRNA levels in many diseases including cancers. While a large number of miRNAs have been identified from PTCs using various means, association of miRNAs with LNM in such cases is still controversial. Furthermore, studies linking most of the identified miRNAs to the mechanism of LNM have not been well documented. The aim of this review is to update readers on the current knowledge of miRNAs in relation to LNM in PTC.

Combinatorial Cytotoxic Effects of Damnacanthal and Doxorubicin against Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells in Vitro.

Abstract: Despite progressive research being done on drug therapy to treat breast cancer, the number of patients succumbing to the disease is still a major issue. Combinatorial treatment using different drugs and herbs to treat cancer patients is of major interest in scientists nowadays. Doxorubicin is one of the most used drugs to treat breast cancer patients. The combination of doxorubicin to other drugs such as tamoxifen has been reported. Nevertheless, the combination of doxorubicin with a natural product-derived agent has not been studied yet. Morinda citrifolia has always been sought out for its remarkable remedies. Damnacanthal, an anthraquinone that can be extracted from the roots of Morinda citrifolia is a promising compound that possesses a variety of biological properties. This study aimed to study the therapeutic effects of damnacanthal in combination with doxorubicin in breast cancer cells. Collectively, the combination of both these molecules enhanced the efficacy of induced cell death in MCF-7 as evidenced by the MTT assay, cell cycle, annexin V and expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins. The effectiveness of doxorubicin as an anti-cancer drug was increased upon addition of damnacanthal. These results could provide a promising approach to treat breast cancer patients.

Pendugaan Keragaman Genetik dan Korelasi Antara Komponen Hasil Kacang Hijau Berumur Genjah

Abstract: Estimation of Genetic Variability and Correlation Among Early Maturity Mungbean Yield Components. Ratri T. Hapsari. Early maturity mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is very important to avoid drought stress, pest and disease attack as well as increase the index planting. The aims of this research was to estimate genetic variability and correlation. The genetic study included heritability, coefficient of genetic variability, genetic advance and correlation among yield components so that it can be used as selection criteria for early maturity mungbean. A total of 145 accessions of mungbean were tested at Muneng farm station in March-June 2010 using a randomized block design, with two replicates. Each accession was planted at 0.8 m x 4 m with spacing 40 cm x 10 cm, with two plants/hole. Fertilization was done by adding 50 kg urea, 75 kg SP36, and 75 kg KCl/ha, at the time of planting. The results showed that mungbean accesions had significant differences in all characters tested. The genetic variance value of all characters was broad with high broadsense heritability estimates, except for number of pods/ cluster and seed number/pod. Genetic advance of all characters were high, except for seed number/pod. The phenotypic correlation between 1000 seeds weight and pod length with seed yield were positive significant while plant height, flowering days, days to maturity, and number of pods per plant had negative significant correlation with its yield. Therefore, plant height, days to maturity, pod lenght, 1000 seeds weight and seed yield could be used as selection criteria based on estimating value of genetic variability, correlation with yield and economic value. There were five genotype which have index value above 20, i.e MLGV 0353, MLGV 0362, MLGV 0354, MLGV 0358, and MLGV 0351. Abstrak Kacang hijau [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] berumur genjah berperan penting untuk menghindari cekaman kekeringan, serangan hama penyakit, dan meningkatkan indeks pertanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai duga parameter genetik dan korelasi antar komponen hasil sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi kacang hijau berumur genjah. Sebanyak 145 genotipe kacang hijau diuji di KP Muneng pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Juni 2010 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan dua ulangan. Setiap aksesi ditanam pada plot 0,8 m x 4 m dengan jarak tanam 40 cm x 10 cm, dua tanaman/lubang. Pemupukan dilakukan dengan 50 kg urea, 75 kg SP36, dan 75 kg KCl per hektar pada saat tanam. Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, umur 50% berbunga, umur 80% masak, jumlah polong/tangkai, jumlah polong/tanaman, panjang polong, jumlah biji/polong, bobot 1.000 biji, dan bobot biji/plot. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe yang diuji memiliki keragaman semua sifat yang diamati. Keragaman genetik dan fenotipik tergolong luas. Heritabilitas arti luas tergolong tinggi, kecuali jumlah polong/tangkai dan jumlah biji/polong tergolong sedang. Kemajuan genetik seluruh karakter tinggi, kecuali jumlah biji/polong. Korelasi antara bobot 1.000 biji dan panjang polong bernilai positif nyata dengan bobot biji/plot, sedangkan tinggi tanaman, umur berbunga, umur masak, dan jumlah polong per tanaman berkorelasi negatif nyata. Berdasarkan nilai duga parameter genetik, korelasi antarhasil, dan nilai ekonomisnya, maka tinggi tanaman, umur masak, panjang polong, bobot 1.000 biji dan bobot biji per plot dapat dijadikan kriteria seleksi indeks. Terdapat lima genotipe memiliki nilai indeks lebih dari 20, yaitu MLGV 0353, MLGV 0362, MLGV 0354, MLGV 0358, dan MLGV 0351.

Identifikasi Sumber Ketahanan Aksesi Plasma Nutfah Kedelai untuk Ulat Grayak Spodoptera litura F.

Abstract: The important aspect of development of resistant plant to insect pest is source of resistance. Study the resistance of 14 advance soybean breeding lines to common cutworm Spodoptera litura F. was conducted at the Laboratory of Crop Protection, Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI) Malang in February-September, 2006. Leaf damage and larval development on resistant genotypes was recorded to measure the level of resistance. It was found that the susceptibility of soybeans to the common cutworm significantly varied among the breeding lines. The leaf damage of IAC-100, IAC 80-596- 2, and W/80-2-4-20 from larval feeding were 17.67, 18.52, and 23.70% respectively lower than Wilis variety with 35.57% of leaf damage. These breeding lines consistently possess same level of resistance to S. litura. In addition, the resistant breeding lines affect on biological aspects i.e. prolonged duration of larval stage, reduced larval and pupae gain weight, and cause significant larval mortality compared with Wilis variety. The study suggested that IAC-100, IAC 80-596-2, and W/80-2-4-20 could be used as a source of resistance for S. litura in breeding program.

Monashia flava gen. nov., sp. nov., an actinobacterium of the family Intrasporangiaceae

Abstract: A novel actinobacterial strain, MUSC 78T, was isolated from a mangrove soil collected from Peninsular Malaysia. The taxonomic status of this strain was determined using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain MUSC 78T represented a novel lineage within the class Actinobacteria. Strain MUSC 78T formed a distinct clade in the family Intrasporangiaceae and was related most closely to members of the genera Terrabacter (98.3–96.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Intrasporangium (98.2–96.8 %), Humibacillus (97.2 %), Janibacter (97.0–95.3 %), Terracoccus (96.8 %), Kribbia (96.6 %), Phycicoccus (96.2–94.7 %), Knoellia (96.1–94.8 %), Tetrasphaera (96.0–94.9 %) and Lapillicoccus (95.9 %). Cells were irregular rod-shaped or cocci and stained Gram-positive. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A3γ, with ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The main cell-wall sugar was mannose and lower amounts of galactose and rhamnose were present. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipid. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 73.1 mol%. Based on this polyphasic study, MUSC 78T exhibited phylogenetic and phenotypic differences from members of the genera of the family Intrasporangiaceae, and therefore a novel species of a new genus, Monashia flava gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of Monashia flava is MUSC 78T ( = DSM 29621T = MCCC 1K00454T = NBRC 110749T).

Roles of MicroRNA21 and MicroRNA29a in Regulating Cell Adhesion Related Genes in Bone Metastasis Secondary to Prostate Cancer.

Abstract: Background There is an increasing concern in the role of microRNA (miRNA) in the pathogenesis of bone metastasis (BM) secondary to prostate cancer (CaP). In this exploratory study, we hypothesized that the expression of vinculin (VCL) and chemokine X3C ligand 1 (CX3CL1) might be downregulated in clinical samples, most likely due to the posttranscriptional modification by microRNAs. Targeted genes would be upregulated upon transfection of the bone metastatic prostate cancer cell line, PC3, with specific microRNA inhibitors. Materials and methods MicroRNA software predicted that miR21 targets VCL while miR29a targets CX3CL1. Twenty benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 16 high grade CaP formalinfixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) specimens were analysed. From the bone scan results, high grade CaP samples were further classified into CaP with no BM and CaP with BM. Transient transfection with respective microRNA inhibitors was done in both RWPE1 (normal) and PC3 cell lines. QPCR was performed in all FFPE samples and transfected cell lines to measure VCL and CX3CL1 levels. Results QPCR confirmed that VCL messenger RNA (mRNA) was significantly down regulated while CX3CL1 was upregulated in all FFPE specimens. Transient transfection with microRNA inhibitors in PC3 cells followed by qPCR of the targeted genes showed that VCL mRNA was significantly up regulated while CX3CL1 mRNA was significantly downregulated compared to the RWPE1 case. Conclusions The downregulation of VCL in FFPE specimens is most likely regulated by miR21 based on the in vitro evidence but the exact mechanism of how miR21 can regulate VCL is unclear. Upregulated in CaP, CX3CL1 was found not regulated by miR29a. More microRNA screening is required to understand the regulation of this chemokine in CaP with bone metastasis. Understanding miRNAmRNA interactions may provide additional knowledge for individualized study of cancers.

Identifikasi Plasma Nutfah Kedelai Berumur Genjah dan Berdaya Hasil Tinggi

Abstract: Identification of Early Maturing and High Yielding Soybean Germplasm. Preference to early maturing soybeans is higher than the late ones, since early maturing soybean can improve planting index and able to escape from fail of harvest due to drought stress. To identify accessions of soybean germplasm which will be used as gene resources in developing of early maturing and high yielding varieties, a numbers of 203 soybean germplasm accessions were evaluated at Jambegede Research Station on dry season 2006. Observation primarily conducted on physiological maturity and flowering date. Beside, observation also conducted on plant height, number of branches, 100 seeds weight and seed yield. Result showed that accession of MLGG 0751 and MLGG 0753 identified having early maturity (70 days). The early maturing accessions had lower yield than the late maturing ones. There was no accession having both of early maturing and high yielding traits. Accessions of MLGG 0751 and MLGG 0753 can be used as gene resources in developing of early maturing varieties. Abstrak Preferensi terhadap kedelai berumur genjah lebih tinggi daripada berumur dalam karena kedelai berumur genjah dapat meningkatkan indeks pertanaman dan dapat menghindari kegagalan panen akibat cekaman kekeringan. Untuk mengidentifikasi aksesi plasma nutfah yang akan digunakan sebagai sumber gen dalam perakitan varietas kedelai berumur genjah dan berdaya hasil tinggi, sebanyak 203 aksesi plasma nutfah kedelai dievaluasi di Kebun Percobaan Jambegede pada musim kemarau 2006. Pengamatan terutama dilakukan terhadap umur masak fisiologis dan umur berbunga. Pengamatan juga dilakukan terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, bobot 100 biji, dan hasil biji tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aksesi MLGG 0751 dan MLGG 0753 teridentifikasi berumur genjah (70 hari). Aksesi berumur genjah memiliki hasil biji lebih rendah daripada aksesi berumur dalam. Tidak diperoleh aksesi kedelai berumur genjah yang sekaligus berdaya hasil tinggi. Aksesi MLGG 0751 dan MLGG 0753 dapat digunakan sebagai sumber gen dalam perakitan varietas kedelai berumur genjah.

Highly porous chitosan beads embedded with silver-graphene oxide nanocomposites for antibacterial application

Abstract: Incorporation of silver nanomaterial into polymer matrix can further accomplished their potential usage in real life applications. In our previous study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver-graphene oxide nanocomposites (AgGO) were prepared via a rapid microwave-assisted method. Hereby, the as-synthesized AgNPs or AgGO was dispersed in a chitosan solution. Subsequently, the resultant mixture solution was further coagulated in a coagulation bath containing sodium hydroxide via a neutralization process. This resulted in the formation of spherical-shaped chitosan beads. The structure of the beads showed that the chitosan beads embedded with AgGO exhibited a more porous structure as compared to the plain chitosan beads. Furthermore, the chitosan beads containing AgNPs or AgGO were tested for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial results indicated that the silver nanomaterial contained chitosan beads could effectively inhibit the growth of both E. coli and S. aureus as compared to the bare chitosan beads. The produced chitosan nanocomposite envisioned that can be potentially employed for water disinfection purpose.

Hasil dan Komponen Hasil Galur-Galur Kedelai di Dua Lokasi

Abstract: Genotype x environment interaction always presents in soybean multilocation trials in Indonesia. The objective of the research was to determine the performance of yield and yield components of soybean promising lines in two locations. A total of 11 promising lines, and three check varieties (Tanggamus, Wilis, and Anjasmoro) were evaluated in NTB and DIY in dry season 2013. The design was randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that yield and yield components were influenced by locations, genotypes and genotypes x locations interaction, except for days to maturity which was not influenced by the location. Number of filled pods had a significant positive correlation with grain yield of soybean. TGM/Anj-773 line had high average yield at two locations and higher than the check variety (Tanggamus). Keywords: correlation, genotype x environment, Glycine max

Peluang Perakitan dan Pengembangan Kedelai Toleran Genangan

Abstract: Sekitar 60% produksi kedelai nasional dihasilkan dari lahan sawah. Namun, budi daya kedelai di lahan sawah menghadapi berbagai masalah, antara lain cekaman genangan. Genangan menyebabkan penuaan dini sehingga daun klorosis, nekrosis, dan gugur serta pertumbuhan tanaman terhambat, yang pada akhirnya menurunkan hasil. Umumnya kehilangan hasil pada fase vegetatif lebih kecil dibandingkan pada fase reproduktif, yaitu 1743% pada fase vegetatif dan 5056% pada fase reproduktif. Besarnya penurunan hasil bergantung pada varietas kedelai yang ditanam, fase pertumbuhan tanaman, lamanya tergenang, tekstur tanah, dan kehadiran penyakit. Tersedianya varietas kedelai toleran genangan akan memberikan arti penting bagi upaya mempercepat peningkatan produksi kedelai dalam negeri. Pengembangan kedelai toleran genangan tidak hanya bermanfaat dalam pengembangan kedelai di lahan sawah, tetapi juga wilayah yang sering mengalami cekaman genangan seperti lahan pasang surut. Luas lahan pasang surut di Indonesia mencapai 20,10 juta ha, sekitar 2030% di antaranya berpotensi sebagai lahan pertanian. Program perakitan varietas kedelai toleran genangan berpeluang dilakukan jika tersedia sumber gen dan metode skrining yang sederhana, mudah, dan cepat. Karakter morfologi dan fisiologi yang dapat secara cepat mendeteksi indikator toleransi kedelai terhadap genangan adalah perkecambahan, tinggi tanaman, perubahan warna daun menjadi kuning, kehadiran akar adventif, bobot kering akar, penutupan stomata, dan kadar N total. Kerja sama dengan lembaga internasional terutama dalam pertukaran sumber gen akan mempercepat program pemuliaan kedelai toleran genangan.

Kemampuan Berbunga, Tingkat Keguguran Bunga, Dan Potensi Hasil Beberapa Varietas Kedelai

Abstract: Field experiments to identify the flowering ability, flowering duration, percentage of flower abortion, and yield potential of several soybean varieties were conducted at two environments at Kendalpayak- Malang Research Station in April-July 2006 (dry season I) and Genteng-Banyuwangi Research Station (dry season II) in July- October 2006. A total of 20 soybean varieties were evaluated by using randomized complete-blocks design with three replications. The plot size was 0.8 m x 4.5 m with plant spacing 40 cm x 15 cm. The rate of fertilizers applied was 50 kg urea, 100 kg SP36, and 75 kg KCl per ha. Plant control was conducted intensively as recommended. Several characters observed were time to flower, flowering duration, number of flower, number of pod, number of filled pod, number of empty pod, seed yield/plant, and 100 seed weight. Combined analysis of variance show that all characters oberved were significantly affected by varieties. Flower abortion of soybean varieties range from a low of 6.6% for Lawit to a high of 39.1% for Kawi. Lawit variety was used as high yielding potential parent which has lowest percentage of flower abortion (6.6%) and highest percentage of flower to pod (93.4%).

Ketahanan Sepuluh Genotipe Kedelai terhadap Penyakit Karat

Abstract: Rust disease caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi can reduce soybean yields up to 75%. One solution to overcome the rust disease is by planting resistant varieties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance of 10 soybean genotypes to rust disease. The research was conducted in the greenhouse. The experiment was arranged in a randomized completely block design with three replications. Inoculation of rust pathogen on 3 weeks-old plants was done by spraying urediniospore suspension (density 10 4 mL -1 ) to the surface of the leaves on the 10 soybean genotypes (MLGG 0005, MLGG 0253, MLGG 0465, MLGG 0470, var. Argomulyo, var. Tanggamus, var. Wilis, var. Burangrang, var. Grobogan, dan var. Dering 1). The results showed that all soybean genotypes were classified as moderately resistant to rust diseases based on the method of IWGSR. Although the plants were infected by rust disease, var. Wilis and Dering 1 produced the highest seed yield per plant (7.15 and 5.21 g, respectively), due to the good appearance of the plants, and the high number of branches, reproductive nodes, and number of filled pods. Therefore, these genotypes might be used as a good germplasm accession.

Tanggap Genotipe Kacang Tanah Terhadap Penyakit Bercak Daun Cercospora dan Karat Daun Puccinia

Abstract: Leaf spot and rust are two important diseases on groundnut. Both diseases are frequently found at the same time that influence the growth and reduce the yield of groundnut. This study was conducted to evaluate thirteen groundnut genotypes resistance to leaf spot and rust disease. The experiment was conducted using a split plot design and three replications, with inoculated and uninoculated treatment as main plot, and groundnut genotypes as the sub plot. Disease assessment was conducted by counting number of pustules per leaf, the number of spots per leaf, rust disease intensity, the intensity of leaf spot disease, and leaf area index. Yield components including stover weight, number of pods per plant, number of empty pods, number of chipo pods, and weight of pods per plant were recorded for both inoculated and uninoculated plants. The result showed that leaf spot disease developed earlier than rust disease. Only one genotype was susceptible to rust and the other 12 genotypes were very susceptible, whereas all genotypes tested were very susceptible to leaf spot. The intensity of rust and leaf spot diseases was negatively correlated with yield (r = - 0.1 – (0.4)). Rust and leaf spot diseases reduced the yield components including stover weight (73.2%), number of pods (68%), and weight of pods (72.5%). The number of empty pods and chipo pods were increase to 81% and 56.4% respectively.

Pengendalian hama penggerek ubi jalar Cylas formicarius (Fabricus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) menggunakan cendawan entomopatogen Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemen

Abstract: Cylas formicarius (Fabricus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the major pest on sweetpotato which can cause yield lost up to 100%. The objective of this study was to obtain the effective and efficiency control technique of sweetpotato weevils. The research was conducted on June–October 2014 at Muneng Research Station, Probolinggo, East Java, using randomized block design, five treatments and three replicates. The treatments consisted of immersion of sweetpotato cuttings in the suspension of conidia Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. for 30 minutes before planting; application of suspension of conidia B. bassiana on soil at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after sowing (WAS); immersion of sweetpotato cuttings in the suspension of conidia B. bassiana for 30 minutes before planting combined with application of suspension of conidia B. bassiana on soil at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 WAS; application of chemical insecticide every week; and control. Analysis of variance showed that the application of various control technique significantly lowered the population of larvae and imago of C. formicarius and the level of tuber damage. The population level found on all treatments ranged from 1–4 eggs/plant, 1–19 larvae/plant, 0–0.2 pupae/plant and 0–4 imago/plant. The weight of tuber was 571–700 g/plant with the level of damage 6–53%. Low level of damage was found in the aplication of suspension of conidia B. bassiana on soil at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 WAS which were 6%. Application of suspension of conidia B. bassiana on soil at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 WAS can suppress the population of C. formicarius on tuber and reduce the level of damage up to 48%.

Kemunduran Kualitas Pupuk Hayati Rhizobium

Abstract: This is a descriptive analytical research to describe the quality deterioration of Rhizobium bio-fertilizer product during storage. The material was used a Rhizobium bio-fertilizer in plastic packing, which was stored in an incubator by temperature of 28 o C for nearly ten months. The results showed that there had been a defect in the sealing plastic and formed small holes, caused the contamination, evidently by the growth of bacterial colonies were diverse. The analysis of C, N, P and K content indicated that career matter of bio- fertilizer composition belong to the dignity of the high fertility to support microbial growing. Total population of microbes in Rhizobium bio-fertilizer of all observed samples >10 6 cfu/g, but could not be considered a total population of Rhizobium. The damage of sealing packing decreased of the moisture career matter and become a limiting factor to support microbial viability. It was recommended to use a better quality plastic with appropriate sealing system.

Pendugaan umur simpan mi kering dari tepung komposit terigu, keladi, dan ubi jalar

Abstract: This research aimed to investigate theshelf-life of wheat, taro, and sweet potato composite flours-based dried noodles produced by a women-farming group called“Mekar Sari” in thePelaga village, Badung District, Bali. The research was conducted fromMay until November 2014. The research onthe shelf-life wasbased on the water content changing patternsby usinga completely randomized design with four treatments of thickness of PE plastic, i.e. (a) P1=0,30 mm; (b) P2=0,32 mm; and (c) P3=0,35 mm; and (d) P4=0,40 mm. The identification of shelf-life adoptedthe acceleration method (ASLT = Accelerated Shelf Life Testing)together with the Arrhenius approach. The products were stored in various storage temperatures, i.e.,20oC, 30oC (room temperature) as a control, and40oC. The results showed that PE plastic 0,35 mm was suitable for dried noodle packaging. In room temperature, shelf-life of the dried noodle was about 46 weeks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui umur simpan mi kering dari tepung komposit terigu, keladi, dan ubijalar. Produk mi kering dihasilkan oleh kelompok wanita tani (KWT) Mekar Sari di Desa Pelaga, Kabupaten Badung, Bali. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai November 2014. Penentuan umur simpan produk mi kering berdasarkan pola perubahan kadar air menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 (empat) perlakuan ketebalan plastik polietilen (PE), yaitu: (a) P1=0,30 mm; (b) P2=0,32 mm; dan (c) P3=0,35 mm; dan (d) P4=0,40 mm. Penentuan umur simpan menggunakan metode ASLT (Accelerated Shelf Life Testing) dengan pendekatan Arrhenius. Produk mi kering disimpan pada berbagai suhu penyimpanan, yaitu 20oC, 30oC (suhu ruang) sebagai kontrol, dan 40oC. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pengemasan dalam plastik PE 0,35 mm lebih sesuai untuk penyimpanan mi kering. Pada suhu ruang, umur simpan mi kering dapat mencapai sekitar 46 minggu.

KULTUR TEKNIS SEBAGAI DASAR PENGENDALIAN HAMA KUTU KEBUL Bemisia tabaci Genn. PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI

Abstract: Kultur Teknis Sebagai Dasar Pengendalian Hama Kutu Kebul Bemisia tabaci Genn. pada Tanaman Kedelai. Salah satu gangguan dalam meningkatkan produksi kedelai adalah serangan hama kutu kebul Bemisia tabaci Gennadius. Kehilangan hasil akibat serangan hama kutu kebul ini dapat mencapai 80%, bahkan pada serangan berat dapat menyebabkan puso (gagal panen). Sebagian besar pengendalian hama kutu kebul pada tanaman kedelai di tingkat petani sampai kini masih mengandalkan insektisida, namun demikian masih sering gagal karena tidak atau kurang efektif. Pengendalian hama kutu kebul dapat dilakukan dengan penerapan Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT). Prinsip operasional yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan PHT salah satunya adalah: Budidaya tanaman sehat. Tanaman yang sehat mempunyai ketahanan ekologi yang tinggi terhadap gangguan hama. Pengendalian kultur teknis merupakan tindakan preventif, dilakukan sebelum serangan hama terjadi dengan sasaran agar populasi tidak meningkat sampai melebihi ambang kendalinya. Pengendalian hama kutu kebul secara kultur teknis dapat dilakukan dengan cara: (a) penanaman kedelai lebih awal, (b) penanaman varietas toleran, (c) penanaman tanaman penghalang, misalnya jagung di antara kedelai, (d) sistem pengairan yang teratur misalnya pengairan curah ( springkler ), (e) pergiliran tanaman bukan inang, dan (f) sanitasi. Untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi pengendalian secara bercocok tanam perlu dipadukan dengan teknik-teknik pengendalian hama lainnya sesuai dengan prinsipprinsip PHT.

Karakterisasi Fisiologi Cendawan Entomopatogen Lecanicillium Lecanii sebagai Calon Bahan Aktif Bioinsektisida untuk Pengendalian Telur Kepik Coklat (Riptortus Linearis) pada Kedelai

Abstract: The aim of the research was to determine the physiological characters of various L. lecanii isolates as active materials of bioinsecticide to control pod sucking bug Riptortus linearis egg on soybean. Thirty seven (37) of L. lecanii isolates were collected from four locations of soybean plantation in Indonesia. This study obtained four virulent isolates that were potential as active ingredient of bioinsecticide i.e. Ll-JTM11, Ll-JTM12, Ll-JTM15, and Ll-TB2. Virulent isolates were obtained from insect cadaver isolation in the field, while less virulent isolates were gained from soil. Physiological characters of potential isolates were fast colonization rate of the egg, thick and wholly, high sporulation with large conidial size, high germination rate after 12 hours incubated in the water, up to 95% germ tubes were formed. Clustering of isolates based on the physiology character can determine the fungus virulence, while the grouping based on the source or host location can not select fungal virulence. The virulent isolates had similarity in physiological characters equal to 98%. Therefore, four potential isolates could be used as biological agents in integrated pest mangement program (IPM), especially pod sucking bug R. linearis on soybean.

Aplikasi Pupuk Hayati Illetrisoy pada Tanaman Kedelai dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Populasi Mikroba Tanah

Abstract: Illetrisoy is a biological fertilizer for soybeans, improvised by Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute, consisting in two forms of formulations A and B. This study aimed to determine the benefits of Illetrisoy bio-fertilizer application on growth and seed yield, as well as its effect on soil microbial populations.� � � � � � � � � � The research was conducted at the Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute, using of biological fertilizers Illetrisoy and soybean Grobogan variety. Design of the experiment used was a factorial randomized block with six replications. The first factor was the manure application consists of (1) without any manure, and (2) given manure. The second factor is giving inoculant Illetrisoy, consisting of (1) without inoculant, given inorganic fertilizer P, K, (2) without inoculant, given inorganic fertilizer N, P and K, (3) inoculation Illetrisoy A, and (4) inoculation Illetrisoy B. The results showed that the application of bio-fertilizers Illetrisoy on soybean has not significant effect on the physical variability of plants 45 days after planting and seed yield, compared to the treatment of manure and NPK application. The highest seed yields achieved on the application of Illetrisoy B accompanied with the application of manure and NPK fertilizer reached 50% (19.20 g seed/plant), which is not significantly different from the standard cultivation with application of NPK fertilizers which reached 18.43 g seed / plant. The analysis of the soil before and after soybeans planted, showed an improvement of chemically and biologically soil properties in terms of nutrient content (especially N and K) and total soil microbial population up to a hundred times.

Pengelolaan tanaman dan tumbuhan inang untuk pengendalian thrips pada tanaman kacang hijau

Abstract: Pengelolaan tanaman dan tumbuhan inang untuk pengendalian thrips pada tanaman kacang hijau. Thrips ( Megalurothrips usitatus Bagnall) merupakan salah satu hama penting yang merugikan pada tanaman kacang hijau pada musim kemarau. Serangan thrips pada tanaman umur dua minggu dengan ciri daun-daun trifoliet mengkerut pada pucuk, tanaman tumbuh kerdil, pembentukan bunga terlambat, polong yang terbentuk tidak normal dan hasil rendah. Kehilangan hasil kacang hijau akibat serangan thrips dapat mencapai 63% bergantung pada waktu dan intensitas serangan thrips. Thrips mempunyai inang luas, selain menyerang kacang hijau, thrips juga dapat menyerang tanaman kacang-kacangan lain, tanaman hortikultura, dan gulma. Pengendalian thrips pada kacang hijau dapat dilakukan dengan cara pengelolaan tanaman dan tumbuhan inang, melalui sanitasi dan eradikasi, tanaman perangkap kombinasi insektisida kimia dan tanam serentak, waktu tanam dan pergiliran tanaman menggunakan varietas tahan, dan sistem peraturan.

POTENSI CENDAWAN ENTOMOPATOGEN Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN HAMA BOLENG Cylas formicarius F. PADA TANAMAN UBIJALAR

Abstract: Potensi Cendawan Entomopatogen Beauveria Bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin untuk Mengendalikan Hama Boleng Cylas formicarius F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) pada tanaman ubijalar. Ubijalar merupakan salah satu tanaman umbi yang memiliki keunggulan sebagai alternatif penghasil karbohidrat. Hama boleng, Cylas formicarius , merupakan salah satu hama penting pada ubijalar yang dapat menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas umbi antara 10–80%. Cendawan entomopatogen, Beauveria bassiana, berpotensi sebagai salah satu komponen pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT) yang dapat digunakan mengendalikan hama C. formicarius . Hasil beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cendawan B. bassiana dapat menyebabkan kematian pada C. formicarius hingga 90% dan efektif mengurangi kehilangan hasil sebesar 5%. Efektivitas cendawan entomopatogen B. bassiana dipengaruhi oleh kerapatan konidia, stadia serangga yang dikendalikan, waktu aplikasi, cara aplikasi serta frekuensi aplikasi. Oleh karena itu, pemanfaatan B. bassiana untuk mengendalikan C. formicarius dengan formulasi yang tepat serta dapat meningkatkan patogenisitas perlu dikaji lebih lanjut.

Impulse control behaviours in a Malaysian Parkinson’s disease population

Abstract: Background: Impulse control behaviours are repetitive and excessive activities that may be subsyndromal and not fulfil the criteria for impulse control disorder. These activities have potential to negatively impact on the daily lives of sufferers. We conducted a study to investigate the prevalence of impulse control behaviours and its associated features in Parkinson’s disease in our population. Methods: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study on consecutive patients attending neurology clinic. Inclusion criteria include idiopathic Parkinson’s disease patients with Hoehn & Yahr stage I-IV. Eighty patients were enrolled and screened for impulse control behaviours using the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorder for Parkinson’s disease (QUIP). Results: Prevalence of impulse control behaviours among our cohort was 11.3%; the features significantly associated with it were higher level of education (p=0.02), advanced stage of disease (p=0.03) and higher levodopa dosage (p= 0.01). The commonest impulse control behaviour in our cohort was compulsive medication use (7.5%), followed by hobbyism (6.3%), hypersexuality (5%), compulsive buying (3.75%), punding (2.5%), walkabout (2.5%), compulsive eating (1.25%) and pathological gambling (1.3%). Conclusions: There is an association between impulse control behaviour and higher levodopa dosage in a study on patients with Parkinson’s disease in Malaysia. We also found a low prevalence of pathological gambling as compared to studies performed in the West. Neurology Asia 2016; 21(2) : 137 – 143 Address correspondence to: Prof. Dr Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim, Department of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA. Tel: +603-91456074, E-mail: norlinah@gmail.com INTRODUCTION Impulse control disorder (ICDs) is a collective term to describe a group of disorder characterized by the failure to resist the impulse to carry out an action that may bring harm to oneself or others. ICDs include pathological gambling, hypersexuality, compulsive buying and compulsive eating. The definition of ICDs is very strict. Repetitive, excessive and compulsive activities may exist in a continuum and these subsyndromal behaviors have been collectively labeled as impulse control behaviors (ICBs). The effects of ICBs on patients can be equally disruptive. ICBs include punding, walkabout, compulsive medication use and hobbyism. ICBs, if left undiagnosed and untreated, have great potential to negatively impact on the patients’ life, i.e. financial ruin in patients with pathological gambling and breakdown of long-standing relationships in patients with hypersexuality and hobbyism. The development of ICBs in Parkinson’s disease have been shown to be influenced by the use of dopamine agonist. Traditionally, the treatment of Parkinson’s disease is initiated with dopamine agonist instead of levodopa. This is to delay the development of motor response complications such as dyskinesia due to prolonged levodopa therapy. The presence of ICBs is easily missed in dayto-day clinical practice and patients occasionally deny the presence of these symptoms upon direct Neurology Asia June 2016 138 questioning, thus compounding the problem further. To this end, the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorder for Parkinson’s disease (QUIP) was developed. The utility of QUIP as a screening tool has been validated in previous studies, with a sensitivity rate of 96%, but not very specific and therefore may pick up sub-syndromal ICBs as well. The dosage of dopamine agonist in an Asian Parkinson’s disease patient is typically much lower as compared to their western counterpart. Intuitively, it is expected that the corresponding prevalence of ICBs in Asian PD patient would also be low. However, a recent study on the Malaysian Parkinson’s disease population using QUIP as a screening tool found the prevalence rate of ICBs of 24.6%, exceeding quoted rates in some studies performed in the western population. We embarked on a study to determine the prevalence rate of ICBs and its associated risk factors in our own population.