Showing papers by "University of Massachusetts Boston published in 1973"

Deep-sea species diversity: decreased gastropod diversity at abyssal depths.

Abstract: Gastropod species diversity is low on the continental shelf, high on the continental slope and abyssal rise, and then decreases with increasing distance out onto the abyssal plain. Increased diversity below the continental shelf has been attributed to increased environmental stability. Decreased diversity on the abyss may result from extremely low productivity.

The 4% Fallacy: A Methodological and Empirical Critique of Extended Care Facility Population Statistics:

Abstract: Much use has been made of population statistics which indicate that only 4% of those over 65 are in nursing homes and other extended care facilities (ECF). These data are misleading, however, for t...

Consistent Intertemporal Decision Making

Abstract: A plan for an intertemporal consumer (or society) is a (constrained optimum) specification of consumption behaviour from the present to the end of his life (or time horizon). If an individual cannot dictate his future behaviour, he may be inconsistent (Strotz [12]); that is, he may, as time passes, revise his specified future behaviour. Among the many unpleasant features of inconsistent planning is that if an individual behaves myopically (" naively ", cf. Pollak [10]) by continually executing the present portion of his plan, his behaviour, ex post, makes no sense from any point of view. This paper presents alternative ways of looking at intertemporal behaviour, and examines the conditions under which such behaviour is consistent. In Section III, we show that naive intertemporal optimization is consistent only if intertemporal preferences are structured so that the future is functionally separable from the present. In Section lV, we discuss " sophisticated solutions", which have been suggested, [1], [10] and [12], as a planning strategy when the intertemporal preference ordering does not satisfy the necessary condition for consistent naive planning. We prove an existence and uniqueness theorem for sophisticated solutions and find the necessary and sufficient conditions for the "sophisticated " choice functions to be generated by conventional utility maximization.

Early Cultivated Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) from an Intermontane Peruvian Valley

Abstract: Examples of fully domesticated common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus) were recovered from deposits in Guitarrero Cave (PAn 14-102) in the Callejon de Huaylas, Ancash, Peru. Carbon-14 dates for stratum II, in which the earliest beans were found, range from 7,680 ± 280 to 10,000 ± 300 years before the present.

Women on Skid Row.

Abstract: The drinking patterns and practices of homeless women and men are compared. Homeless women alcoholics may well be the most isolated and disaffiliated residents of Skid Row.

Self-Injurious Behavior and Environmental Change in the Institutionalized Elderly:

Abstract: Taking into account the quality of the environment on self-injurious behavior in the institutionalized elderly, this study showed a decrease in such behavior in a token economy program involving reinforcing, or rewarding individuals with tokens for engaging in desirable behaviors. This system of reinforcing or rewarding life enhancing behavior proved to be rehabilitative to a significant number of elderly.

The Spinor Spanner

Abstract: (1973). The Spinor Spanner. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 80, No. 9, pp. 977-984.

Angular Correlation between K and L X Rays in Pb

Abstract: Angular correlations between $K$ and $L$ x rays in Pb were measured. NaI(T1) and Ge(Li) detectors were used for the detection of $K$ and $L$ x rays, respectively. The angular correlation functions for the $K\ensuremath{-}L\ensuremath{\alpha}$, $K\ensuremath{-}L\ensuremath{\beta}$, and $K\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Ll}$ cascades were found to be $W(\ensuremath{\theta})=1+(4.13\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.36)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}{P}_{2}(cos\ensuremath{\theta})$, $W(\ensuremath{\theta})=1+(1.22\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.43)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}{P}_{2}(cos\ensuremath{\theta})$, and $W(\ensuremath{\theta})=1+(23.32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.06)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}{P}_{2}(cos\ensuremath{\theta})$, respectively. The results for the $K\ensuremath{-}L\ensuremath{\alpha}$ cascade demonstrate the contribution of magnetic quadrupole radiation to the x-ray transitions. When this contribution is taken into account, relatively good agreement with theory is obtained in all cases. Better agreement would be obtained for slightly higher (than theoretically calculated) ${M}_{2}$ contributions to the $L$ x-ray transitions.

Response Functions for Strongly Driven Systems

Abstract: The coupling of an atom to the quantized electromagnetic field, in the electric dipole approximation, may be described in terms of the correlation or “response” function $$\left\langle {\mu \left( t \right)\mu \left( {t'} \right)} \right\rangle $$ (1) where μ is the atomic electric dipole moment operator.

Structure and Pseudorotation in 1,1-Cyclopentanedicarboxylic Acid and the Cyclopentyl-1-Carboxylic Acid Radical

Abstract: X-ray and magnetic resonance studies of single crystals of 1,1-cyclopentanedi-carboxylic acid and the cyclopentyl-1-carboxylic acid radical indicate that at room temperature the radical undergoes pseudorotation. The five-membered ring of the molecule is disordered probably also as a result of pseudorotation.