Showing papers by "University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire published in 1986"
TL;DR: This paper examined the impact of model selection on substantive conclusions about racial differences in presentence and sentencing practices using a statewide sample of convicted felons, an additive model is estimated to assess the direct and indirect effects of race on various dispositional decisions.
Abstract: This study examines the impact of model selection on substantive conclusions about racial differences in presentence and sentencing practices. Using a statewide sample of convicted felons, an additive model is estimated to assess the direct and indirect effects of race on various dispositional decisions. Then, separate models for blacks and whites are estimated to evaluate within- and between-race differences. A comparison of the results from each specification illustrates how the standard additive approach used in past studies can mask and suppress racial differences in criminal processing. The findings of race-specific models are then discussed in terms of their implications for further research on racial disparity in the application of criminal sanctions.
150 citations
01 Sep 1986
TL;DR: A computer science placement exam was given to all computer science students enrolled in introductory courses at a four year university to determine what differences, if any, occurred in the scores of the students who eventually withdrew from the courses and those who finished the course.
Abstract: A computer science placement exam was given to all computer science students enrolled in introductory courses at a four year university. The purpose was to determine what differences, if any, occurred in the scores of the students who eventually withdrew from the courses and those who finished the course. Also, an examination was made of final grades of the students in the courses and their scores on the placement exam.
87 citations
TL;DR: This paper explored the meaning and function of sexual fantasizing for married women and whether any differences exist between married women who are satisfied, neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, or dissatisfied with their current sex life.
Abstract: This empirical investigation explored the meaning and/or function of sexual fantasizing for married women and whether any differences exist between married women who are: satisfied, neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, or dissatisfied with their current sex life. From a structural‐functionalism perspective, a questionnaire was developed and pretested for this exploratory study of sexual fantasies. The questionnaire was subsequently administered to 212 married undergraduate and graduate female volunteers at a midwestern commuter university. Although many professionals have argued that engaging in sexual fantasies may be undesirable, our findings do not support that view. No statistically significant relationships were found between ever having experienced a sexual fantasy and satisfaction with current sex life nor between frequency of sexual fantasizing and satisfaction with current sex life. These results also strongly indicate that sexual fantasies help many married women to achieve sexual arousal and/or ...
65 citations
TL;DR: A framework for understanding the multiple purposes that problem statements can serve during the formulation phase of strategic planning is presented and Variables that can help to identify dysfunctional purposes are discussed.
Abstract: This paper presents a framework for understanding the multiple purposes that problem statements can serve during the formulation phase of strategic planning. Both functional and dysfunctional purposes exist. Variables that can help to identify dysfunctional purposes are discussed.
53 citations
TL;DR: Unlike other species studied thus far, T4 levels were also moderately high in growing tadpoles (stages X-XIII), and these early elevated levels may be due to daily rhythmicity in thyroid secretion coupled with the restricted hours of blood collection used in this study.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors test the impact of alternative sequences of the macro and micro semesters of the one-year principles course on student learning and attitudes, and find that alternative sequences can influence student learning.
Abstract: Is the sequence of the macro and micro semesters of the one-year principles course simply a matter of personal taste or does it influence student learning and attitudes? In this paper, the authors test the impact of alternative sequences.
29 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Malpighian tubules of Aedes aegypti (black-eyed Liverpool strain) experimentally infected with Dirofilaria immitis (dog heartworm) larvae were made to assess pathology elicited by these worms.
16 citations
TL;DR: In recent years, many persons have opposed sex education believing that such courses will lead to increased participation in sexual intercourse by young people, but their fears are not supported by the evidence as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In recent years, many persons have opposed sex education believing that such courses will lead to increased participation in sexual intercourse by young people, but their fears are not supported by...
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a decision model for optimally timing the disposal of perishable inventories under conditions of fixed lifetime perishability and stochastic demand is presented, which has the important feature of keying on expected remaining time until item demand occurs, instead of on inventory levels.
Abstract: SUMMARY A decision model is presented for optimally timing the disposal of perishable inventories under conditions of fixed lifetime perishability and stochastic demand. The method has the important feature of keying on expected remaining time until item demand occurs, instead of on inventory levels. In addition, the decision process is independent of the stock replenishment policy and of profit contribution, salvage value, and inventory holding cost estimates. Disposal probabilities for fresh items subject to Poisson demand are derived.
13 citations
TL;DR: The body surface of adultArgulus appendiculosus is characterized by a carapace which dorsally is devoid of surface ornamentation except for the presence of a series of grooves and sutures which are similarly arranged in all specimens.
Abstract: The body surface of adultArgulus appendiculosus is characterized by a carapace which dorsally is devoid of surface ornamentation except for the presence of a series of grooves and sutures which are similarly arranged in all specimens. The ventral surface of the carapace is bounded laterally by spines and medially by unadorned respiratory areas. Sucking discs possess circumferential flanges with marginal papilae and supporting rods composed of two elements. Sexual dimorphism is particularly evident in the structure of the natatory lobes of the fourth swimming legs and in the presence of accessory copulatory structures on second, third and fourth swimming legs of males. A previously undescribed pocket on the coxa of the third swimming appendage of males may function together with the peg and socket apparatus in the clasping of males and females during copulation. Ventral surfaces of the thorax and maxillae are covered with posteriorly directed scales which have distal ends bearing comb-like teeth. Presumed sensory structures on the body surface are of at least two types: (1) recurved spinous projections which often arise from cuticular blebs, and (2) small circular pits containing papillae which do not project beyond the rim of the pit. ManyA. appendiculosus had attached peritrichous ciliates on the lateral and ventral body surfaces.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, estimates of migration after 1815 and before 1860 for white, U.S.-born adults are presented from a sample of military bounty land warrant recipients who served in the War of 1812 and show that a majority spent their adult lives in the same state.
Abstract: Estimates of interstate migration after 1815 and before 1860 for white, U.S.-born adults are presented. The estimates come from a sample of military bounty land warrant recipients who served in the War of 1812 and show that a majority of veterans spent their adult lives in the same state. The limited amount of interstate movement did conform to traditional descriptions of an east-west pattern. I also consider the social basis for interstate migration.
TL;DR: In this paper, a deontological defense of the reasonableness standard of corporate disclosure is given. But it is based on the same assumptions as the one made by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Abstract: The purpose of the article is to give a deontological defense of the reasonableness standard of corporate disclosure presently mandated by the Securities and Exchange Commission of the U.S. government. The first part of the article distinguishes the reasonableness standard from the older standard of materiality. The second part presents three deontological arguments, inspired by the work of Ross and Kant, for the prima facie compellingness of the new standard.
TL;DR: The welfare effects of international joint ventures among competing manufacturers, as applied to the U.S. auto industry, were investigated in this article, where a joint venture between General Motors and Toyota was discussed.
Abstract: In 1983 General Motors Inc. and Toyota Inc. formed a joint venture, the New United Motor Manufacturing Inc., to assemble autos in the United States. For Toyota, the venture was a first attempt to locate production in America. General Motors viewed the venture as a means of learning how to produce low-cost, high quality, small vehicles. Facing an onslaught of anti-union Japanese firms, the United Auto Workers had to demonstrate that unions would not be an impediment to Japanese production in the United States. By 1986 the venture was termed a success. This paper considers the welfare effects of international joint ventures among competing manufacturers, as applied to the U.S. auto industry.
TL;DR: In this article, state implementation plans required by PL 94-142 were collected and reviewed to determine whether psychologists were mentioned as appropriate members of multidisciplinary evaluation teams, and Questionnaire data from 625 directors of special education also were analyzed to determine the frequency with which psychologists actually participated on the evaluation teams.
Abstract: State implementation plans required by PL 94–142 were collected and reviewed to determine whether psychologists were mentioned as appropriate members of multidisciplinary evaluation teams. Questionnaire data from 625 directors of special education also were analyzed to determine the frequency with which psychologists actually participated on the evaluation teams. The review revealed an apparent reluctance on the part of states to specify psychologists as appropriate team members. When psychologists were mentioned, school psychologists and other types of psychologists were identified with near equal frequencies. Even though states' implementation guidelines infrequently identified psychologists for participation on multidisciplinary teams, 81% of the surveyed teams actually included a psychologist. However, psychologists' rate of participation varied among the states. Implications of the minimum state requirements and varying participation of psychologists among states are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe an exercise that teaches students about methodological issues concerned with making reliable observations of behavior, and demonstrate that the microcomputer is a new tool that supplements, but does not replace, existing instructional techniques.
Abstract: This article describes an exercise that teaches students about methodological issues concerned with making reliable observations of behavior. After learning Ekman's (1972) Facial Affect Scoring Technique from a microcomputer program simulating expressions of emotion, students recorded the facial expression, gender, and age of people in natural settings, computed interobserver agreement scores, and submitted a laboratory report. This exercise generated much discussion about research methods, transferred skills from the classroom to a research setting, and illustrated our view that the microcomputer is a new tool that supplements, but does not replace, existing instructional techniques.
TL;DR: Tadpoles respond to TSC (a known osteolathyrogen) in a manner similar to that of other species, due in part to an acceleration of long bone ossification and speed of metamorphosis in high-concentration exposure groups.
TL;DR: Specific activities of adenylate kinase, lactate dehydrationrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and phosphoglucomutase were significantly lower in infected chickens than in controls and Creatine kinase and glucosephosphate isomerase activities were unaffected.
Abstract: Day old Leghorn chickens were infected with the digenetic trematode Amphimerus elongatus. After different periods of growth, birds were sacrificed and liver enzyme activity determined for six enzymes. Specific activities of adenylate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and phosphoglucomutase were significantly lower in infected chickens than in controls. Creatine kinase and glucosephosphate isomerase activities were unaffected by the parasite.
TL;DR: QUORUM, a microcomputer system that helps group members diagnose, understand and manage group problems, was asked to use with work-teams in mind and found to have some relation to attitudes.
Abstract: One of the emerging areas for microcomputer applications is in assisting with complex decision-making (e.g., expert systems). QUORUM is one such system that helps group members diagnose, understand and manage group problems. One hundred and eleven business students from permanent student work-teams were asked to use QUORUM with their work-teams in mind. Academic major, number of group problems described, and hardware/software malfunctions were found to have some relation to attitudes. Sex was not found to be significantly related to attitudes toward the system. The implications for QUORUM and other expert systems are discussed.