Showing papers by "University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee published in 1980"
TL;DR: In this article, the perturbation theory of degenerate stationary states taking into account the Hermiticity properties appropriate to curved spacetime has been developed, and the Hamiltonian of the Dirac equation in Fermi normal coordinates to first order in the Riemann tensor.
Abstract: We consider a one-electron atom in an arbitrary curved spacetime. After reviewing the generalization of the Dirac equation to curved spacetime, we develop the perturbation theory of degenerate stationary states taking into account the Hermiticity properties appropriate to curved spacetime. We then calculate the Hamiltonian of the Dirac equation in Fermi normal coordinates to first order in the Riemann tensor, including the corrections to the electromagnetic field. As an application of these results, we obtain expressions in terms of the Riemann tensor for the shifts produced by the local curvature in the nonrelativistic $1S$, $2S$, and $2P$ energy levels, and in the relativistic $1{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, $2{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, and $2{P}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ energy levels.
196 citations
TL;DR: This survey presents the state-of-the-art in the texture analysis field and its relation to scientific fields like artificial intelligence and visual perception and it presents most of the relevant methods used today in texture analysis.
134 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the spin-polarized electron sources were used to study magnetism with the inverse photo-emission technique, where the energy and momentum in the transition gives information about unfilled bands, of the same kind that angle-resolved photoemission gives for the filled bands.
Abstract: Electrons accelerated by the potential inside a surface emit photons with a probability related by time reversal to excitation of an electron in photoemission. Conservation of energy and momentum in the transition gives information about unfilled bands, of the same kind that angle-resolved photoemission gives for the filled bands. Particularly interesting is the possibility of using the new spin-polarized electron sources to study magnetism with the inverse photoemission technique.
126 citations
TL;DR: Negative as well as positive stimuli may play a role in the conditioned reinforcement of human behavior, suggesting enhancement of observing behavior by a stimulus correlated with the less favorable of two contingencies.
Abstract: Young men pulled a plunger on mixed and multiple schedules in which periods of variable-interval monetary reinforcement alternated irregularly with periods of extinction (Experiment 1), or in which reinforcement was contingent on different degrees of effort in the two alternating components (Experiment 2). In the baseline conditions, the pair of stimuli correlated with the schedule components could be obtained intermittently by pressing either of two observing keys. In the main conditions, pressing one of the keys continued to produce both discriminative stimuli as appropriate. Pressing the other key produced only the stimulus correlated with variable-interval reinforcement or reduced effort; presses on this key were ineffective during periods of extinction or increased effort. In both experiments, key presses producing both stimuli occurred at higher rates than key presses producing only one, demonstrating enhancement of observing behavior by a stimulus correlated with the less favorable of two contingencies. A control experiment showed that stimulus change alone was not an important factor in the maintenance of the behavior. These findings suggest that negative as well as positive stimuli may play a role in the conditioned reinforcement of human behavior.
124 citations
TL;DR: Radical behaviorism may be distinguished from other varieties of behaviorism by the way that it accommodates private events, where a private event is understood as a verbal report of an internal sensation or the influence of such phenomena as thinking, consciousness, and the like.
Abstract: Radical behaviorism may be distinguished from other varieties of behaviorism, notably methodological behaviorism, by the way that it accommodates private events, where a private event is understood as (a) a verbal report of an internal sensation or (b) the influence of such phenomena as thinking, consciousness, and the like. Verbal reports of internal sensations are established by the verbal community, which solves the problem of privacy inherent in such cases by administering differential reinforcement based on public features associated with the private stimuli. Such phenomena as thinking may be understood as private or covert behavior, not essentially different from public behavior although executed at a reduced level. The behavioristic position on private events does not constitute a new solution to the mind-body problem, nor does it equate private events with observation of physiological brain states, nor is it another form of conventional operationism, largely because of the mentalistic if not outright dualistic features of the other views.
109 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the mechanism of propylene oxidation has been investigated over well-characterized selective oxidation catalysts: Bi 2 Mo 3 O 12, Bi 2MoO 6, and Bi 3 FeMo 2 O 12.
106 citations
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest that cultural differences must be considered in tracing environmental effects and in stating design requirements, since culture is variable and designed environments respond to variable definitions of needs and priorities as expressed in varying schemata.
Abstract: In considering the relationship between culture and environmental design this chapter will suggest that these two are intimately related and that cultural differences must be considered in tracing environmental effects and in stating design requirements. Since culture is variable, designed environments respond to variable definitions of needs and priorities as expressed in varying schemata: environments are culture specific. In being so they are congruent with specific life-styles. For one thing, both designs and life-styles can be seen as resulting from sets of choices among many alternatives which even the most severe constraints make possible. These choices reflect certain ideal images and schemata, i.e., both environments and life-styles are shaped by cultural “templates.” At smaller scales this process results in sets of cues which are encoded in the environment and help guide behavior. In order to be useful cues need to be decoded—if they cannot be decoded, then environments are effectively meaningless—another reason for the culture specific nature of environments.
84 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that alterations in HDL's lag behind changes in total cardiovascular fitness and increase simultaneously with a decline in plasma triglycerides after 4 weeks of endurance training.
84 citations
01 Jan 1980
Abstract: Over 200 illustrations, many in full colour, capture for both the layman and scientist the beautiful optical effects that we see in the sky. The author describes and explains these effects in non-technical language.
83 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the kinetics of propylene oxidation have been investigated over the temperature range of 325 to 475 °C, and the apparent activation energies changed from 15 to 18 kcal/mole at high temperature (> 400 °C) to 43 −53 kcal /moles at lower temperatures.
81 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is presented from two experiments that five of the six factors discriminated between nonalcoholic male subjects who drank either a beverage containing a moderate dose of alcohol or a non alcoholic beverage.
TL;DR: Theoretical models for the thermodynamic properties of intermetallic B2 phases are employed to explain a priori the empirical observation that B2 phase with a small enthalpy of formation exhibit substitutional defects, whereas B2 Phase with a large enthalhip of formation exhibits triple defects.
TL;DR: In this paper, the intensityvoltage (I - V ) curves for Ni(001) c(2 × 2)-CO were calculated using phase shifts obtained from self-consistent Xα potentials.
TL;DR: The Schmidt Test Hammer is demonstrated to be an effective instrument for this purpose as discussed by the authors, which gives an accurate and rapid measure of surface hardness, which is shown to be useful in the context of weathering and landform development.
Abstract: The precise correlations between rock hardness, resistance to erosion, and landform development have hitherto been difficult to establish. Rock hardness has proved difficult to assess, particularly in the field, because suitable equipment has not been applied. The Schmidt Test Hammer is demonstrated to be an effective instrument for this purpose. The hammer gives an accurate and rapid measure of surface hardness, which is shown to be useful in the context of weathering and landform development.
TL;DR: A laboruiory study was conducted to determine if job specific static strength can be used to predict dynamic lifting capability (maximum acceptable weight of lift) based on psychophysical methodology.
Abstract: A laboruiory study was conducted to determine if job specific static strength can be used to predict dynamic lifting capability (maximum acceptable weight of lift) based on psychophysical methodology. Nine male college students were required to lift three different tote boxes (containers) from a 38 cm height to a 81 cm high table using a semi-squat body posture. For each tote boxsialic strength was measured in three different ways. These were (i) maximum voluntary isometric strength (MVIS) measured at the origin in a vertical direction, (ii) MVIS measured close to the body in a vertical direction, and (iii) maximum acceptable weight that a subject could hold for 3 s at the origin of the dynamic lift, MVIS al the origin of lift, MVIS close to the body and holding the tote box explained 24.32 and 62% variation, respectively, in dynamic lifting capability. On the average, MVIS al the origin of lift, MVIS close to the body and holding the tote box were 46. 120. 72%, respectively, of dynamic lifting strength. ...
TL;DR: The authors suggest how demographic, program content, and competitive bridging information would be incorporated within the framework provided by the time series models to produce advanced network scheduling models.
Abstract: In a time series analysis of prime time network television viewing data a weekly trigonometric regression model is used to predict the total network viewing for specific times on specific days of t
TL;DR: In this paper, cyclopropane isomerized using a microcatalytic pulse technique over a reduced molybdena-γ-alumina catalyst (0.3 to 1.5 e Mo ), the resulting propene underwent secondary reactions including polymerization, metathesis to ethene and butenes, and hydrogenation (in H2 carrying gas) to propane, ethane, and butane.
TL;DR: A literature survey on recommendations for the maximum weight of the load and work loads is presented and it is shown that the recommendations based on a given criterion are not in agreement.
Abstract: A literature survey on recommendations for the maximum weight of the load and work loads is presented. Three different criteria are reviewed to determine the "safe" weight and permissible work loads that a person can lift. These are biomechanical, psychophysical, and metabolic/heart rate. A comparison of recommended load limits based on each of the three criteria is presented. Maximum weight of the load and work loads based on the three criteria are also compared. The comparison shows that (1) the recommendations based on a given criterion are not in agreement, (2) the maximum permissible weights of the load based on psychophysical studies are lower than those based on biomechanical criteria, and (3) the psychophysical fatigue criteria, as compared to physiological fatigue criteria, will result in greater work loads at higher frequencies of lifting. Load-pace tradeoff and effects of lifting technique and location of load on acceptable work loads are also discussed.
Abstract: A review and assessment of the interlaminar delamination problem com mon to layered composite materials is presented. The work covers calcula tion of interlaminar stresses from a homogeneous and microstructural material viewpoint as well as background information on the singularity problem. The observation of edge delamination and experimental efforts are discussed together with recent fracture mechanics studies. The conclu sions provides an assessment of the problem and suggestions for future investigation.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the effects of handles, shape of the container, and dimensions of a container on maximum acceptable weight of lift using a psychophysical methodology and found that the maximum acceptable weights for mailbags and boxes without handles were lower than those for boxes with handles.
Abstract: A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effects of handles, shape of the container, and dimensions of the container on maximum acceptable weight of lift using a psychophysical methodology. Ten male college students were required to lift six different boxes with handles, six without handles, and three different mailbags from the floor to a bench height (76 cm), using a free-style lifting technique. The six boxes varied in length and width, and the three mailbags varied in diameter and length. Statistical analysis showed that the maximum acceptable weights for mailbags and boxes without handles were lower than those for boxes with handles. The maximum acceptable weight significantly increased with an increase in dimensions of the mailbag. Among all the container characteristics studied, handles were found to have the most profound effect on maximum acceptable weight. It is concluded that the recommendations for maximum acceptable weight of the load based on boxes with handles need to be adjusted wh...
TL;DR: In this article, a group of MBA students were randomly assigned to one of six experimental conditions in a 3(levels of disability) × 2 (levels of employment history) design.
TL;DR: From the kinetics of both phosphorylation and metal redistribution in Cd2 2+ enzyme, it is suggested that population of the A and B sites in a subunit, rather than the A site alone, constitutes the minimum requirement for induction of catalytic function in alkaline phosphatase.
Abstract: Cadmium-113 nuclear magnetic resonance (113Cd NMR) has been used to probe the binding characteristics of 113Cd2+ to the three classes of metal binding sites in Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase to help elucidate the molecular origin of the metal ion dependent "half-sites" reactivity exhibited by this dimeric Zn2+ metalloenzyme [Otvos, J.D., Armitage, I.M., Chlebowski, J.F., & Coleman, J.E. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 4707-4713]. In the absence of phosphate, the first two 113Cd2+ ions added to the apodimer give rise to a single 113Cd resonance (169 ppm), indicating selective binding to the pair of symmetrically disposed A sites. Resonances arising from additional 113Cd2+ bound to the B and C sites cannot be observed; B- and/or C-site occupation also renders the A-site 113Cd resonance undetectable. Both these observations have been attributed to severe chemical exchange broadening in the A-, B-, and C-site 113Cd signals induced by an unknown modulation process(es). Interestingly, covalent phosphorylation of the active-site serine residues abolishes this exchange modulation, allowing three separate resonances to be detected and assigned to 113Cd2+ located at each of the three classes of metal binding sites in the enzyme. By varying the metal composition of the phosphorylated enzyme, we have characterized the correlations that exist between the chemical shifts ana intensities of these 113Cd resonances and the metal occupancies of the A, B, and C sites in the individual subunits. This information has allowed us to conclude that the half-sites phosphorylation of the Cd2 2+ enzyme is accompanied by a slow migration of half the Cd2+ originally located at the A sites to the B sites on the phosphorylated subunits. The driving force for this metal redistribution, which at equilibrium leaves half the subnits devoid of metal ion and thereby incapable of binding phosphate, is apparently the dramatic stabilization of the complex of Cd2+ with the B sites, which was demonstrated to occur in those subunits that become phosphorylated. From the kinetics of both phosphorylation and metal redistribution in Cd2 2+ enzyme, we suggest that population of the A and B sites in a subunit, rather than the A site alone, constitutes the minimum requirement for induction of catalytic function in alkaline phosphatase. The spin relaxation properties of the enzyme-bound 113Cd2+ ions are also briefly discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the interaction of NO with alumina-supported catalysts prepared from Cr(CO)6, Mo(CO), 6, and W(CO 6 ) was investigated by means of infrared and EPR spectroscopy.
TL;DR: The nonspecific binding of gold to MT in vivo should be considered as one aspect in its equilibration among protein binding sites, which include, inter alia, metallothionein.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of ornamentation on nonverbal communication was studied in the context of a woman who wore a flower in her hair, and the effects of the ornamentation were discussed.
Abstract: (1980). She wore a flower in her hair: The effect of ornamentation on nonverbal communication. Journal of Applied Communication Research: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 31-39.
TL;DR: In this article, a 13-month field study explores the phenomenon of job-switching behavior and attempts to isolate some of the critical variables associated with job switching in autonomous work groups.
Abstract: This 13-month field study explores the phenomenon of job-switching behavior and attempts to isolate some of the critical variables associated with job switching in autonomous work groups. Results i...