Showing papers by "University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee published in 1981"
TL;DR: Investigation of Lower Pleistocene sites at Chesowanja have yielded in situ Oldowan and Oldowan-like stone artefacts, evidence of fire and a fragmentary ‘robust’ australopithecine cranium.
Abstract: Recent investigations of Lower Pleistocene sites at Chesowanja have yielded in situ Oldowan and Oldowan-like stone artefacts, evidence of fire and a fragmentary 'robust' australopithecine cranium. Burnt clay found at one artefact locality dated to >1.42±0.07 Myr is the earliest known evidence of fire associated with a hominid occupation site.
200 citations
TL;DR: A new cryptosystem that is suitable for database encryption is presented, based on the Chinese Remainder Theorem, which has the important property of having subkeys that allow the encryption and decryption of fields within a record.
Abstract: A new cryptosystem that is suitable for database encryption is presented. The system has the important property of having subkeys that allow the encryption and decryption of fields within a record. The system is based on the Chinese Remainder Theorem.
178 citations
TL;DR: The surface hydroxyl concentrations of BaTiO3, Sr TiO3 and LaCoO3 were determined by exchange with D2 as a function of the dehydroxylation temperature as mentioned in this paper.
162 citations
TL;DR: This paper found that at least some of the 1L rules were independent in that they were motivated for neither the native language nor the target language, and one of the IL rules, Terminal Devoicing, is motivated for the grammars of numerous languages whereas another rule, Schwa Paragoge, is apparently not part of the grammar of any other language.
Abstract: Two interesting questions which are raised by the interlanguage (IL) hypothesis are (1) to what extent are ILs independent of the native language (NL) and the target language (TL), and (2) d o the grammars of 1Ls contain the same type of rules a s the grammars of other languages.
To address these questions, data were gathered from two native speakers of Spanish and two native speakers of Mandarin, all of whom were learning English as a second language. A partial phonological analysis of the 1L data revealed that (1) at least some of the 1L rules were independent in that they were motivated for neither the NL nor the TL, and (2) one of the IL rules, Terminal Devoicing, is motivated for the grammars of numerous languages whereas another rule, Schwa Paragoge, is apparently not part of the grammar of any other language. This conclusion raises the question of the extent to which ILs can be considered to be “natural languages.”
159 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the kinetics of N2O decomposition over Fe(III)Y zeolite between 350 and 650 °C are described with partial pressures of N 2O up to 12%, the decomposition data are represented with reasonable accuracy by k obs P N 2 O .
115 citations
TL;DR: Although isolated mitochondria were inhibited by the 2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazonato copper (II) complex, any cellular reaction was obscured by the rapid oxygen reduction that occurred in the thiol oxidation process.
99 citations
TL;DR: Results indicate a consistent negative relationship, i.e., the more exercise performed, the fewer the pain behaviors, contrary to the frequently observed physician prescription with chronic pain to limit exercise when pain increases.
Abstract: Chronic pain patients typically display reduced activity level attributed to pain and implying a positive correlation between exercise or activity and pain complaints. This study correlated observed pain complaints with amount of prescribed exercise performed by chronic pain patients when exercising to tolerance. Patients were in evaluation of earliest stages of multi-modal treatment. Exercises were physician prescribed to assess use of involved body parts and to promote general activity level. Patients were instructed to do exercise repetitions until pain, weakness of fatigue caused them to stop. Patients decided when to stop. Observations of amount of exercise performed were correlated with observed visible or audible indications of pain or suffering (pain behaviors). Results indicate a consistent negative relationship, i.e., the more exercise performed, the fewer the pain behaviors. This finding is contrary to the frequently observed physician prescription with chronic pain to limit exercise when pain increases.
95 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a wide variety of sulfides were studied using AES and XPS and Spectra of the LMM Auger transition and the 2p level of sulfur in these sulfides are presented and discussed.
93 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the background to and content of George Peacock's work on symbolical algebra is studied, and a discussion of Sir William Rowan Hamilton's criticism of symbols, signs, and laws is given.
90 citations
TL;DR: Planktonic bacteria collected from several freshwater environments and cultured bacteria were used to compare two methods for determining the numbers of metabolizing bacteria, finding no statistically significant difference between methods.
Abstract: Planktonic bacteria collected from several freshwater environments and cultured bacteria were used to compare two methods for determining the numbers of metabolizing bacteria. The methods used were (i) reduction of 2-(ρ-iodophenyl)-3-(ρ-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl tetrazolium chloride 2-(ρ-iodophenyl)-3-(ρ-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl to tetrazolium chloride-formazan and (ii) elongation of cells by using yeast extract and nalidixic acid. No statistically significant difference was found between methods in determining metabolizing bacteria, although significant differences (P < 0.05) were found when comparing numbers of total bacteria. A combination of the two methods yielded significant changes, both positive and negative, in the numbers of metabolizing bacteria.
85 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that speakers of Cantonese and Japanese internalize different IL rules in attempting to deal with English word-final voice contrasts, and that each of these rules can be correlated with facts about the phonology of the native language, supporting the conclusion that some important aspects of ILs can be predicted on the basis of a comparison between the native and target languages.
Abstract: The amount of influence that a learner's native language has on the acquisition of a second language is an issue which has received considerable attention in research on second language acquisition. The thesis of this paper is that, within the context of the Interlanguage Hypothesis (Selinker 1972) and the Markedness Differential Hypothesis (Eckman 1977), some important properties of a learner's interlanguage (IL) can be predicted.More specifically, it is shown that speakers of Cantonese and Japanese internalize different IL rules in attempting to deal with English word-final voice contrasts. Whereas speakers of Cantonese devoice word-final obstruents in the target language, Japanese speakers insert a word-final schwa after the voiced obstruent. However, each of these rules can be correlated with facts about the phonology of the native language, supporting the conclusion that some important aspects of ILs can be predicted on the basis of a comparison of the native and target languages.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a two-week loanable copy of a Library Circulating Copy which may be borrowed for two weeks for a personal retention copy, call Tech. Info. 6782.
Abstract: LBL~10024 Pre rint Submitted to Physical Review Letters STRUCTURAL DETERMINATION OF MOLECULAR OVERLAYER SYSTEMS WITH NORMAL PHOTOELECTRON DIFFRACTION: c(2x2)CO-Ni(001) and (13 x /3)R30° Co-Ni(111) S.D. Kevan, R.F. Davis, D.H. Rosenblatt, J.G. Tobin, M.G. Mason, D.A. Shirley, C.H. Li, and S.Y. Tong April 1981 TWO-WEEK lOAN COPY This is a Library Circulating Copy which may be borrowed for two weeks. For a personal retention copy, call Tech. Info. Diu is ion, Ext. 6782 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract W-7405-ENG-48
TL;DR: In this paper, the kinetics and mechanism of propylene oxidation over β-Bi2Mo2O9 from 300 to 470 °C have been investigated, and it was shown that the selective oxidation of the propylene to acrolein over the β-phase occurs via the involvement of numerous sublayers of lattice oxygen.
TL;DR: Seven small groups of vervet monkeys from Awash National Park, Ethiopia, were trapped and blood samples obtained and four loci, Tf, E, ADA, and PMG2 were found to be polymorphic, suggesting that the entire group functions as a single Mendelian population.
Abstract: Seven small groups of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops aethiops), totaling 124 individuals, from Awash National Park, Ethiopia, were trapped and blood samples were obtained. Twenty-three loci were examined by starch gel electrophoresis and four loci, Tf, E, ADA, and PMG2 were found to be polymorphic. The average heterozygosity (H) of the population was calculated to be 5.6%. No significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium proportions occurred and a chi-square test for group homogeneity was also not significant. Average Fst for all polymorphic loci was calculated to be 0.062. This suggests that the entire group functions as a single Mendelian population.
TL;DR: In this article, a study of boiling R-113 in electrically heated coils of various diameters is reported, showing that sub-cooled critical heat flux (CHF) is lower with coils than with straight tubes.
Abstract: A study of boiling R-113 in electrically heated coils of various diameters is reported. Sub-cooled critical heat flux (CHF) is lower with coils than with straight tubes. The differences increases as mass velocity and ratio of tube diameter to coil diameter (d/D) increases. On the contrary, quality CHF is enhanced in increases with d/D;CHF initially increases with increasing mass velocity, but decreases after a maximum is reached. Operational problems, in particular upstream dryouts, can occur if a coiled tube is operated with low to moderate subcooling neat the inlet and with moderately high heat fluxes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors interviewed 21 young adults who had received educational services for learning disabilities as young children and found that the majority of subjects required additional supportive educational service throughout their schooling, needed vocational assistance, and were often dependent on family support for social activities.
Abstract: Twenty-one young adults who had received educational services for learning disabilities as young children were interviewed in regard to their adjustment as adults. An interview technique was used to obtain: (a) demographic information, (b) school adjustment information, (c) vocational adjustment information, and (d) social adjustment information. Analysis of the results indicated that the majority of subjects 1) had required additional supportive educational service throughout their schooling; 2) needed vocational assistance; and 3) were often dependent on family support for social activities. The findings are discussed in terms of future investigation with learning disabled adolescents.
TL;DR: In this paper, the dipole moment of an adsorbed CO molecule was determined to be 0.28 Debye with a negative end of the molecule projecting outward from the surface.
TL;DR: In this article formulas useful for the calculation of aircraft mid-air collision probabilities at intersecting air routes are developed and the aircraft overlap density is expressed as a function of the intersection angle of air routes, aircraft speeds, the nominal separation, and parameters in the position-error distribution.
Abstract: In this article formulas useful for the calculation of aircraft mid-air collision probabilities at intersecting air routes are developed. The aircraft overlap density, a key parameter in the calculation, is expressed as a function of the intersection angle of air routes, aircraft speeds, the nominal separation, and parameters in the position-error distribution. Two representative probability models for position errors are used to illustrate the computational procedures suggested. A method of approximation over large navigation systems is also proposed.The calculation of aircraft mid-air collision probabilities is an important step in the design of air-route structure and is a key element in the specification of separation standards and minimum requirements of facilities reliability and accuracy. A thorough analysis of collision probabilities for long-range parallel air routes over oceanic areas was reported by P. G. Reich in three research documents and in a series of papers published in this Journal in 1966. Analysis of collision probabilities at intersecting air routes typical in off-shore and continental areas, however, has not been fully explored to date. The only direct reference available on this subject appears to be the work by Bellantoni,7 in which a collision problem was formulated in the three-dimensional space and was apt to deal with airport terminal landing or take-off situations. For circumstances where horizontal linear air routes intersect one another at preassigned positions, the analysis provided by Bellantoni needs to be simplified and refashioned for use in extensive applications.
TL;DR: In this paper, normal photoelectron diffraction was used to study the structure of the Ni(001) overlayers and a Fourier transform analysis was carried out on the experimental data.
Abstract: Normal photoelectron diffraction was used to study the structure of the $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)\mathrm{O}$ and $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)\mathrm{S}$ overlayers on Ni(001). The oxygen and sulfur atoms were found to lie above the fourfold hollow sites in the Ni(001) surface with ${d}_{1}$ spacings of 0.90\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04 and 1.30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04 \AA{}, respectively, where ${d}_{1}$ is the perpendicular interplanar spacing between the adsorbate and surface layers. A Fourier-transform analysis was carried out on the experimental data. In both cases, the modulus of the Fourier transforms gave two large peaks in the real-space distribution function. The maxima of these peaks closely corresponded to ${d}_{1}+b$ and ${d}_{1}+2b$, where $b$ is the interlayer spacing in Ni(001). The range of experimental data in $k$ space was not large enough to yield the value of ${d}_{1}$ directly.
TL;DR: Although practice effects transferred to digit-symbol keys different from the training keys, improvements did not generalize to WAIS Digit Span performance or to a matching task containing some of the elements of the training task.
Abstract: Older women (mean = 69 yr) and younger women (mean = 23 yr) received 100 administrations of the Digit Symbol Substitution subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, modified so that the digit-symbol keys differed on each of the five training days. The older women improved substantially both within and between training sessions, but equally large gains wee made by the younger women so that age differences were not reduced by training. As a consequence of practice, scores of the older women on the standard WAIS subtest increased from the 25th to the 90th percentile relative to norms for young adults, and these scores maintained during a follow-up test 10 days later. Although practice effects transferred to digit-symbol keys different from the training keys, improvements did not generalize to WAIS Digit Span performance or to a matching task containing some of the elements of the training task.
TL;DR: Theoretical aspects of the programming problem of maximizing the minimum value of a set of linear functionals subject to linear constraints are explored and an optimality condition is developed.
Abstract: Theoretical aspects of the programming problem of maximizing the minimum value of a set of linear functionals subject to linear constraints are explored. Solution strategies are discussed and an optimality condition is developed. An algorithm is also presented.
TL;DR: One color-banded black-capped chickadee flock was studied intensively at a winter feeder in Wisconsin, finding the strongest attachments were between males and females who subsequently mated; pair attachments strengthened as the breeding season approached.
Abstract: One color-banded black-capped chickadee flock was studied intensively at a winter feeder in Wisconsin. Flock structure was examined by measuring association among flock members in three ways: spatial proximity, temporal association, and association of individuals during flock movements. Additional information was obtained on aggressive interactions at and near the feeder. By midwinter, the strongest attachments were between males and females who subsequently mated; pair attachments strengthened as the breeding season approached. Lower ranked individuals in the dominance hierarchy showed weaker associations with other flock members in early spring than did more dominant individuals. The strong attachment to the mate may have implications for altruistic behavior within the winter flock.
TL;DR: In this article, the problems in controlling and evaluating a radical process innovation in a batch manufacturing firm were discussed along with the implications for the design of control procedures, along with other factors that influence the validity of the control procedures designed to evaluate it.
Abstract: Explores the problems in controlling and evaluating a radical process innovation in a batch manufacturing firm. Data come from interviews with individuals in various hierarchical levels and functions. The decision to adopt tended to be qualitative in nature and essentially made by two representatives of the organization's technostructure. Their major objective was to minimize the chance of disaster rather than to maximize efficiency. During implementation, quality control faced frequent, complex technical problems at the same time that there was pressure for immediate solutions. Cost accounting procedures were affected by the difficulty in developing completely objective standards. The strategies employed to solve these problems are discussed along with implications for the design of control procedures. One intriguing implication is that the characteristics of a radical new technology, along with other factors, influence the validity of the control procedures designed to evaluate it.
TL;DR: The cell mediated immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Myc Cobacterium salmoniphilum was studied in rainbow trout by delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions, thymus imprint analysis and a modified skin window assay.
Abstract: The cell mediated immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium salmoniphilum was studied in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) by delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions, thymus imprint analysis and a modified skin window assay. Test fish immunized with complete Freund's adjuvant containing M. tuberculosis were compared to control fish which received either incomplete Freund's adjuvant or phosphate buffered saline. Skin testing produced typical delayed hypersensitivity reactions with a significant difference between the test and control fish. Cross reactivity was produced when sensitized fish were tested with M. salmoniphilum. Imprints of thymus tissue from sensitized trout showed a significant shift in cell populations. Skin window studies supported the presence of cell mediated immunity by demonstrating the presence of activated macrophages at the dermal layer.
TL;DR: In this paper, two-parent families indicating difficulty in managing the behavior of their children volunteered to participate in a 9-week behavior modification parent training project, where participants designed, implemented, and evaluated behavior modification programs aimed at alleviating their children's problem behaviors.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that tricyclo[6.3.0.1] and trione 27 undergo a retro-Claisen reaction (CH3OH) more rapidly than staurane tetraone 41, and tridecane triones 5b and 6b.
TL;DR: In this article, the mechanism of n-butene isomerization was studied over a freshly oxidized molybdena-alumina catalyst using the microcatalytic pulse technique.
TL;DR: A maternal focus on self and baby is suggested and recognition of maternal concern can be used by nurses to develop care law that reflect the patient's priorities.