Showing papers by "University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee published in 1989"
TL;DR: The philosophical foundations of the approach to concept analysis popularized by Walker & Avant (1983) are examined and modifications of this method are offered, along with a framework for interpreting the findings of an analysis.
Abstract: Nursing currently evidences concern with the development and clarification of its knowledge base. As a part of this focus, attention has often been directed towards concepts and methods of clarification. Although the method of concept analysis has been employed often to provide conceptual clarity, the foundations and implications of conducting an analysis of a concept have not been well explored in nursing. In this article, the philosophical foundations of the approach to concept analysis popularized by Walker & Avant (1983) are examined. Modifications of this method are offered, along with a framework for interpreting the findings of an analysis. The result is a view of concepts and an approach to analysis that may be of use in the clarification of a variety of concepts of interest in nursing.
524 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the distinction between good and bad planning is made, and three views of the planning process are distinguished, with their associated criteria of the quality of plans: planning as con...
Abstract: This paper concerns the distinction between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ planning. Three views of the planning process are distinguished, with their associated criteria of the quality of plans: planning as con...
243 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the application of Single Linkage Clustering (SLINK) and Average Linkage clustering (ALC) to the machine cells formation problem.
206 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the relationships between context and organizational structures under conditions of environmental scarcity and environmental munificence, and found that context and structure can be linked under both conditions.
Abstract: This study compared the relationships between context and organizational structures under conditions of environmental scarcity and conditions of environmental munificence. The study analyzed data o...
195 citations
TL;DR: A Monté Carlo simulation demonstrates that certain noncompensatory rules are poorly fit by linear models, even in orthogonal environments, and that this fit diminishes further in nonorthogsonal environments.
Abstract: Linear compensatory models, which involve tradeoffs between product attributes, have been argued to provide reasonably good predictions of choices made by noncompensatory heuristics, which do not i...
161 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a meta-analysis of self-report data on the effectiveness of public speaking anxiety treatment techniques is presented, with the focus on the effect of the self-reported anxiety on the performance of the treatment.
Abstract: (1989). Meta‐analysis of self‐report data on the effectiveness of public speaking anxiety treatment techniques. Communication Education: Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 54-76.
159 citations
TL;DR: A serious disparity existed between the reading estimates of smoking education literature and the literacy skills of patients in the authors' sample.
Abstract: This study was designed to determine if primary care clinic patients read at a level congruent to the reading grade level of available smoking literature. Reading estimates of smoking education literature (N = 49) ranged from grade 3 to college level (median = 9.5). Reading skills of 258 smoking patients were estimated by reported years of schooling (median = 10), and by scores on the Wide-Range Achievement Test (median = 6). A serious disparity existed between the reading estimates of smoking education literature and the literacy skills of patients in our sample.
155 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that smoking intervention programs for adolescents should include components facilitating the quitting process that take into consideration youngsters' smoking and quitting histories.
149 citations
TL;DR: The results of the survey indicate that preschool teachers had higher expectations than did kindergarten teachers for kindergarten entry skills and the survey may be most useful in providing a framework for teachers to discuss school readiness expectations.
148 citations
TL;DR: The findings indicate that the age of the victim, nature of the Abuse, presence of the mother in the home during the abuse, relationship of the Victim to the offender, prior physical abuse of the child, and alcohol abuse by the offender all contribute to mother's conclusion regarding the reported abuse.
136 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the depth and temperature dependence of measured production and consumption rates, adsorption coefficients, apparent diffusion cocllicients and sediment porosities were combined to construct a diagenetic model of ammonium production, ZCOz production, and sulfate reduction that was timetcmpcraturc-and depth-dependent.
Abstract: Measured port-water concentration profiles for dissolved ammonium, phosphate, total inorganic carbon, and sulfate show a distinct seasonal cycle in response to the temperature dependence of rates of microbially mediated organic matter oxidation in sediments at Cape Lookout Bight, N.C. The depth and temperature dependence of measured production and consumption rates, adsorption coefficients, apparent diffusion cocllicients, and sediment porosities were combined to construct a diagenetic model of ammonium production, ZCOz production, and sulfate reduction that was timetcmpcraturc- and depth-dependent. Numerical predictions of pore-water concentrations from a set of initial spring conditions agree well with measured port-water profiles through summer and fall-the period of greatest change in reaction rates in response to seasonal fluctuations in temperature. Modeling also indicates that inclusion of complex, porosity-dependent terms, even in the time- and tcmperaturc-depcndcnt cast, is probably unnecessary in these sediments; simpler, constant-porosity models give results that generally deviate ~4% from the predictions of complex models.
TL;DR: Sketch map variables were the best predictors of way-finding performance with the adjacent building score, and a measure of topological accuracy of sketch map accuracy the best predictor.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the theory with (mass) 2 between 0 and 2 3 × (cosmological constant) is non-unitary if we require that it locally resemble the flat-spacetime counterpart.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the problem of improper machine assignment, where some bottleneck machines are not initially assigned to proper cells and these machines should be reexamined and reassigned to their proper cells to reduce the number of intercellular moves.
Abstract: SUMMARY Among the models developed to form machine cells in group technology applications, those based on the similarity coefficient method (SCM) are more flexible in incorporating the manufacturing data into the machine cells formation process. SCM is the application of clustering techniques to the machine cells formation problem. When SCM is used to form the machine cells, some bottleneck machines are not initially assigned to proper cells. These machines should be reexamined and be reassigned to their proper cells in order to reduce the number of intercellular moves. This problem is referred to as 'improper machine assignment' and is the subject of discussion in this paper.
TL;DR: The results are reported of an experimental study of software metrics for a fairly large software system used in a real-time application, including the mutual relationship between various software metrics and, more importantly, the relationship between metrics and the development effort.
Abstract: The results are reported of an experimental study of software metrics for a fairly large software system used in a real-time application. A number of issues are examined, including the mutual relationship between various software metrics and, more importantly, the relationship between metrics and the development effort. Some interesting connections are reported between metrics and the software development effort. >
TL;DR: In this article, a cost-based duplication procedure was proposed to reduce the number of intercellular moves in the machine cells formation process by using the duplication cost and the associated reduction in inter-cellular material handling cost as a basis for decision making.
Abstract: Duplication in the machine cells formation process is the assignment of one machine type to more than one cell. It is done to reduce the number of intercellular moves. While the existing machine cells formation models employ the duplication process to reduce the machine cells interdependence, none of tem considers its economic consequences. This paper presents a cost-based duplication procedure which uses the duplication cost and the associated reduction in intercellular material handling cost as a basis for decision making in the duplication process.
TL;DR: The analysis reveals that the defendant's appearing at the charging conference and his use of drugs or alcohol at the time of the violence were the factors most strongly associated with the decision to issue a criminal charge.
Abstract: Based on data collected from prosecutors' files on domestic violence cases, the research reported here attempts to isolate variables associated with a decision to issue criminal charges in a case. The analysis reveals that variables reflective of the defendant's current or past choices were most strongly associated with the charging decision. Specifically, the defendant's appearing at the charging conference and his use of drugs or alcohol at the time of the violence were the factors most strongly associated with the decision to issue a criminal charge. Other related factors were also reflective of choices made by the defendant: degree of injury inflicted, the instrument used, the fact of prior offenses, and prior abuse of the particular victim.
TL;DR: On observe that G est reduit en dessous des valeurs du plateau non perturbe, and that pour de tres forts diffuseurs les plateaux disparaissent.
Abstract: La conductance G de canaux etroits a ete recemment observee comme etant quantifiee dans des multiples d'integration de Ze 2 /h. On calcule G pour le cas d'une impurete presente dans le canal. Le canal est modelise en guide d'onde d'electrons, et l'impurete est supposee etre un diffuseur isotrope (de type s). On obtient une expression analytique pour G. On observe que G est reduit en dessous des valeurs du plateau non perturbe, et que pour de tres forts diffuseurs les plateaux disparaissent
TL;DR: A review of advances on solubility of amorphous silica in aqueous solutions has been made as mentioned in this paper, and the existing models for the polymerization rate are summarized and compared.
TL;DR: New models of rotating neutron stars show that only a surprisingly narrow range of possible equations of state (EOS's) can simultaneously allow a rotating neutron star with frequency as large as 1968 Hz and a spherical (nonrotating) neutronstar with mass asLarge as 1.44/ital M//sub sub solar/.
Abstract: New models of rotating neutron stars show that only a surprisingly narrow range of possible equations of state (EOS's) can simultaneously allow a rotating neutron star with frequency as large as 1968 Hz and a spherical (nonrotating) neutron star with mass as large as 1.44${\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}}$. The mass and baryon mass for the 1968-Hz models exceed 1.5${\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}}$ and 1.7${\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}}$, implying a progenitor mass g1.7${\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}}$. Those EOS's that allowed 1968-Hz models have, for spherical stars, a stringent upper mass limit 1.7${\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}}$. Each model at 1968 Hz has mass above the spherical upper mass limit for its EOS, implying collapse upon spin down.
TL;DR: In this paper, some of the basic principles of the theory of dynamical systems are presented, introducing the reader to the concepts of chaos theory and strange attractors and their implications in meteorology.
Abstract: Some of the basic principles of the theory of dynamical systems are presented, introducing the reader to the concepts of chaos theory and strange attractors and their implications in meteorology. New numerical techniques to analyze weather data according to the above theory are also presented.
TL;DR: The cartographic representation of historical sources, epitomised in H. C. Darby's Domesday Geography and becoming a classic hallmark of British historical geography, remains a largely unexamined aspect of our discourse as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: A desirable model is the use of the multielement design as a fast-paced component of an otherwise conventional reversal design examining contextual control of some relationship; the possibility that some behavior responds differently to Controlling Variables A and B in Context X than in Context Y.
Abstract: A single-subject design often used to compare the effectiveness of two or more independent variables (like treatment programs) is the multielement (alternating treatments or simultaneous treatments) design. Variants of this design approximate the concurrent comparison of the effects of two or more variables (or levels of variables) by programming the variables (or levels) in rapid alternation, typically across or within daily sessions. Properly combined with conventional reversal designs, these designs can also display a variety of interaction effects, some of them worrisome, others highly desirable for the future development of the field. A worrisome model is the possibility that when Treatment B alternates rapidly with Treatment C, the effects of each will not be the same as when each is the only treatment used. A desirable model is the use of the multielement design as a fast-paced component of an otherwise conventional reversal design examining contextual control of some relationship; the possibility that some behavior responds differently to Controlling Variables A and B in Context X than in Context Y. This second possibility opens single-subject designs to the more efficient examination of all interactive effects and is highly desirable, considering the prevalence and importance of interactions in determining the limits and the generality of currently understood behavioral phenomena.
TL;DR: The midpoint reduction potentials for the metal centers in this C/Fe-SP are determined by electron paramagnetic resonance and UV-visible spectroelectrochemical methods and removal of the cobamide totally inactivates the protein.
Abstract: An 88-kDa corrinoid/iron-sulfur protein (C/Fe-SP) is the methyl carrier protein in the acetyl-CoA pathway of Clostridium thermoaceticum. In previous studies, it was found that this C/Fe-SP contains (5-methoxybenzimidazolyl)cobamide and a [4Fe-4S]2+/1+ center, both of which undergo redox cycling during catalysis, and that the benzimidazole base is uncoordinated to the cobalt (base off) in all three redox states, 3+, 2+, and 1+ [Ragsdale, S.W., Lindahl, P.A., & Munck, E. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 14289-14297]. In this paper, we have determined the midpoint reduction potentials for the metal centers in this C/Fe-SP by electron paramagnetic resonance and UV-visible spectroelectrochemical methods. The midpoint reduction potentials for the Co3+/2+ and the Co2+/1 couples of the corrinoid were found to be 300-350 and -504 mV (+/- 3 mV) in Tris-HCl at pH 7.6, respectively. We also removed the (5-methoxybenzimidazolyl)cobamide cofactor from the C/Fe-SP and determined that its Co3+/2+ reduction potential is 207 mV at pH 7.6. The midpoint potential for the [4Fe-4S]2+/1+ couple in the C/Fe-SP was determined to be -523 mV (+/- 5 mV). Removal of this cluster totally inactivates the protein; however, there is little effect of cluster removal on the midpoint potential of the Co2+/1+ couple. In addition, removal of the cobamide has an insignificant effect on the midpoint reduction potential of the [4Fe-4S] cluster. A 27-kDa corrinoid protein (CP) also was studied since it contains (5-methoxybenzimidazolyl)cobamide in the base-on form.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
01 Mar 1989-International Journal of Human-computer Studies \/ International Journal of Man-machine Studies
TL;DR: In this paper, the issues involved in demonstrating a rule-based system to be free from error are addressed, and a holistic perspective is adopted, wherein sorces, manifestations, and effects of errors are identified.
Abstract: As expert system technology spreads, the need for verification of system knowledge assumes greater importance. This paper addresses the issues involved in demonstrating a rule-based system to be free from error. A holistic perspective is adopted, wherein sorces, manifestations, and effects of errors are identified. A general taxonomy is created, and the implications for system performance and development outlined. Existing strategies for knowledge verification are surveyed, their applicability assessed, and some directions for systematic verification suggested.
TL;DR: The isolation of the genes that code for the methyltransferase, the two subunits of the corrinoid/Fe-S protein, and the twoSubunits of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase are described, finding them to be clustered within an approximately 10-kilobase segment on the Clostridium thermoaceticum genome.
Abstract: Acetogenic bacteria fix CO or CO2 by a pathway of autotrophic growth called the acetyl-CoA (or Wood) pathway. Key enzymes in the pathway are a methyltransferase, a corrinoid/Fe-S protein, a disulfide reductase, and a carbon monoxide dehydrogenase. This manuscript describes the isolation of the genes that code for the methyltransferase, the two subunits of the corrinoid/Fe-S protein, and the two subunits of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase. These five genes were found to be clustered within an approximately 10-kilobase segment on the Clostridium thermoaceticum genome. The proteins were expressed at up to 5-10% of Escherichia coli cell protein, and isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside had no effect on the levels of expression, implying that the C. thermoaceticum inserts contained transcriptional and translational signals that were recognized by E. coli. The methyltransferase is expressed in E. coli in a fully active dimeric form with a specific activity and heat stability similar to the enzyme expressed in C. thermoaceticum. However, both the corrinoid/Fe-S protein and carbon dioxide dehydrogenase, although expressed in high amounts and with identical subunit molecular weights in E. coli, are inactive and less heat stable than are the native enzymes from C. thermoaceticum.
TL;DR: The lack of detectable levels of glucosamine in Cyst wall hydrolysates, cyst staining by Calcofluor M2R, and N-acetylglucosamine when cysts served as a substrate for exogenous chitinase suggests that the Giardia cyst wall is not composed largely of chit in as previously reported.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that hypothalamic NPY plays a role in mediating the estradiol/progesterone-induced gonadotropin surge and suggests that this neuropeptide plays a physiological role in normal ovulatory surges of LH and FSH.
Abstract: To test the hypothesis that neuropeptide Y (NPY) is involved in the regulation of the estrogen/progesterone-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in ovariectomized rats, we passively immunized animals against NPY by administering purified immunoglobulins raised against the peptide directly into the central nervous system. Ovariectomized rats were prepared with an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) guide cannula and an intravenous catheter prior to experimentation. On day 1 of the experiment the animals received a 5-microliters i.c.v. injection of a highly specific immunoglobulin against NPY (NPY-ab) and a 50-micrograms injection of estradiol benzoate. The antibody injection was repeated on days 2 and 3 of the experiment. On day 3, animals received a 2.5-mg injection of progesterone. Control animals were treated in exactly the same fashion except that a nonspecific control immunoglobulin was injected i.c.v. rather than the NPY-ab. As expected, the steroid-primed animals treated with the control antibodies exhibited large surges in LH secretion approximately 4 h following the progesterone injection. Concentrations rose from 4.2 +/- 1.0 to 27.9 +/- 9.9 ng/ml. In marked contrast, the NPY-ab-treated animals demonstrated no increase in LH concentrations. Baseline values were 3.1 +/- 0.3 ng/ml and remained unchanged (maximum concentrations were 3.8 +/- 1.9 ng/ml) following the progesterone injection. These results demonstrate that hypothalamic NPY plays a role in mediating the estradiol/progesterone-induced gonadotropin surge and suggests that this neuropeptide plays a physiological role in normal ovulatory surges of LH and FSH.