Showing papers by "Utsunomiya University published in 1982"

New preparation method for doped polycrystalline TiO2 and Nb2O5 and their photoelectrochemical properties

Abstract: Doped polycrystalline TiO/sub 2/ and Nb/sub 2/O/sub 5/ have been prepared by a new method and examined as photoanodes. Polycrystalline oxide films on metal substrates which are thick and porous are prepared by anodic oxidation accompanied by sparking in various electrolytes. It was found that cations in the electrolyte are doped into the oxide films during anodic oxidation, which has been proved by ion microprob analysis and mass spectroscopy. Therefore, this is a new easy method of preparing doped polycrystalline TiO/sub 2/ and Nb/sub 2/O/sub 5/. The TiO/sub 2/ film prepared in Na/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ solution at 100 V is a good photoanode, showing a relatively high photocurrent under visible-light illumination. The doping is carried out by addition of the doping ions in saturated Na/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ solution. The Cr-, Ir- and Rh-doped TiO/sub 2/ films exhibit a high visible photocurrent but a low UV photocurrent. The Cr-doped Nb/sub 2/O/sub 5/ films also exhibit similar spectral responses. An increase in the UV photoresponse and a decrease in the visible photoresponse by reduction are observed. The relationship in which the band-gap photocurrents decrease with increasing visible photocurrents is obtained for the doped oxide films. This suggests, with the reduction effects, thatmore » the impurity and the interstitial metal d bands or states bringing about the visible response also act as recombination centers. 6 figures, 2 tables.« less

Photocatalytic oxidation of sulfur on titanium dioxide

Abstract: It was discovered that sulfur is directly oxidized to SO/sub 4//sup 2 -/, i.e., sulfuric acid, on a TiO/sub 2/ photocatlyst in a suspension into which O/sub 2/ bubbled. The photocatalytic oxidation is assigned to the electron and hole produced by light of shorter wavelength than about 400 nm, although sulfur itself photoreacts in light of less than about 300 nm. The oxidation reaction is photocatalyzed on anatase but not on rutile, and its rate is faster in alkaline solution than in water and acid. It was found that H/sub 2/S is simultaneously produced as well as SO/sub 4//sup 2 -/ in water. The reaction mechanism of this photocatalytic oxidation of sulfur is discussed on the basis of the various experimental data. The direct production of sulfuric acid was confirmed by a sunlight illumination test.

Detailed investigation on 800 TeV jet interaction

Abstract: A gamma-ray family JF1af1 with energy of ΣEγ∼260 TeV was observed in the emulsion chamber on board the Super Sonic Concorde. By using the geometrical method, it was found that the interaction vertex was located within the surroundings of the Concorde. The large slant distance 3.24−0.28+0.40 m enabled one successfully to separate the shower cores generated by even highest-energy gamma-rays in the forward region. The event showed the characteristic features of a very-high-energy interaction: high multiplicity ∼150, high gamma-ray density in rapidity scale ∼50 and presence of a high transverse-momentum component with =0.60−1.10+0.12 GeV/c having frequency of one tenth of the total. Comparisons were made with other extremely-high-multiplicity events observed so far at high energies.

Vibronic model leading to orthorhombic Jahn-Teller distortions

Abstract: The eigenvalue problem for the dynamic Jahn-Teller system of an orbital triplet in cubic symmetry coupled to $e$ and ${t}_{2}$ vibrational modes has been solved numerically with the simultaneous inclusion of both the linear and quadratic coupling terms. The possibility of orthorhombic Jahn-Teller distortion has been found from the appearance of a nearly-sixfold-degenerate (${T}_{1}+{T}_{2}$) ground state in the case when an $E$-type quadratic coupling term or a bilinear coupling term has been considered. The computed result of Ham's reduction factors in the ground state shows the orthorhombic property.

Computer-controlled TVSS and some characteristics of vibrotactile letter recognition.

Abstract: A computer-controlled vibrotactile display against the abdomen was used to investigate recognition performance of Katakana characters as a function of 3 display modes. The superior performance (about 95% correct) is achieved when the letter is presented sequentially as if it were being written. The other two modes (the entire letter is presented at once, the letter is moved horizontally across the display) allow only 20 to 40% correct recognition.

X-ray-absorption spectra and electronic structures of vanadium dichalcogenides and their first-row transition-metal intercalates

Abstract: The x-ray $K$ absorption spectra of vanadium in vanadium dichalcogenides and in their first-row transition-metal intercalates ${M}_{\frac{1}{3}}\mathrm{V}{X}_{2}$ ($M=\mathrm{V},\mathrm{ }\mathrm{C}\mathrm{r},\mathrm{ }\mathrm{M}\mathrm{n},\mathrm{ }\mathrm{F}\mathrm{e},\mathrm{ }\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o},\mathrm{ }\mathrm{Ni}$; $X=\mathrm{S},\mathrm{ }\mathrm{Se}$) have been measured together with those in V, ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{5}$, and VSe, using a two-crystal spectrometer. The spectra of vanadium dichalcogenides and their first-row transition-metal intercalates have strong resemblance to each other and exhibit a weak flat structure followed by strong absorption. They reflect the transitions to the unoccupied vanadium $d$ band with some $p$ character and to the unoccupied vanadium $4s\ensuremath{-}4p$ bands, respectively. The midpoint of the initial rise of absorption is shifted to higher energies by intercalating the first-row transition metals. This shift is explained in terms of the charge-transfer model. It is, consequently, concluded that the rigid-band-model approach is valid as a first approximation at least for the unoccupied levels of these intercalation compounds.

Characteristics of pitch period and amplitude perturbations in speech of patients with laryngeal cancer

Abstract: As the first step to detect laryngeal cancer by acoustic means (especially cancer of the vocal chords), this paper analyzes the pitch period perturbation quotient (PPQ), pitch amplitude perturbation quotient (APQ) and pitch correlation amplitude (PA) measure, from the outer-tracheal waves. The results are compared with the result of TNM classification, which is widely used as a clinical classification. The 49 samples were examinees, in which normals were 16 and patients with laryngeal cancer were 15. Among the 15 patients with laryngeal cancer, 14 had cancer of the vocal chords. As the result of analysis, the following conclusions were made. (1) Both PPQ and APQ exhibit correlations with TNM classification, but APQ will be more effective in the detection of cancer of the vocal chords. (2) PA is not very effective in detection at an early stage (T1). (3) Pathologically developed vocal chord cancer (T2) can completely be detected. (4) If allowance is made for 37.5% (6/16) of false positive for the normal, 92.9% (13/14) of the vocal chord cancer can correctly be detected.

Calcium K absorption spectrum and electronic structure of Ca F 2

Abstract: The calcium $K$ x-ray absorption spectrum of Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ has been obtained with a 50-cm bent-quartz-crystal vacuum spectrograph. The obtained spectrum shows a clear edge structure. This structure has been discussed on the basis of the energy-band-structure calculation by Albert et al. A small peak observed near the calcium $K$ threshold is situated about 3.2 eV below the bottom of the conduction band whose position has been determined by use of the data on the Ca $K{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{5}$ emission band and the optical band gap of Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$. The origin of this peak is discussed in relation to a core exciton.

Precursor of Yellow Substance in Fresh Radish Root and Some Factors Affecting the Yellowing Thereof

Abstract: (1) 加熱,非加熱及び加熱ダイコン酵素添加の各処理を行ったダイコンのアセトン可溶部について黄変強度を比較した結果,加熱処理区のみ全く黄変せず,他の処理区の黄変が認められたことからダイコン中に黄変前駆物質の存在を確認した。(2) 黄変前駆物質は加熱したダイコンからメタノール抽出後,アンバーライトIR-4B,中性アルミナ,DEAE-セルロースによる各カラムクロマトグラフィー及びペーパークロマトグラフィーにより分画され,からし油配糖体画分が黄変に必須であることを確認した。GC-MSにより主な配糖体は4-メチルチオ-3-ブテニルグルコシノレートであることを同定した。(3) 黄変は40℃, pH 6で最大であり,L-アスコルビン酸は黄変を強める効果を有していた。これらはミロシナーゼの関与する反応の至適条件の範囲にあったことから黄変反応の第一段階はダイコンからし油配糖体のミロシナーゼによる加水分解反応であろうと推察した。

Intermediate-Strength Jahn-Teller Effect in an Orbital Triplet

Abstract: The numerical solution of the Jahn-Teller problem for an electronic p-like state in cubic symmetry simultaneously coupled to e and t 2 vibrational modes is presented in the case of intermediate coupling under the assumption of equal frequencies for both modes. The energy levels and Ham's reduction factors are computed as a function of the ratio of strength of both Jahn-Teller couplings. The admixture coefficients between the ground state and the first excited states are calculated for the consideration of the effect of strains.

A new approach to the dielectric breakdown of oil-impregnated paper

Abstract: In the course of the investigation on the dielectric breakdown mechanisms of the laminated oil-impregnated paper system, careful consideration should be given to both the non-uniformity of insulating Kraft paper and the behavior of carriers (electron or ions) in the laminated oil-impregnated paper system. Thus, in this paper, the new approach for solving these problems is proposed.

Correction to "Error-Correcting Parsers for Formal Languages"

Abstract: In our earlier paper1 we proposed an algorithm S for error-correcting parsing of formal languages. It is found recently that two additional CS conditions and a routine for detecting infinite loop are required for the algorithm S.

Some Results of Actual Observations of Net Radiation and Soil Heat Transfer in Unheated Greenhouses

Abstract: The net radiation and soil heat transfer have been measured day and night in multi-span greenhouses.(1) The heat storage ratio: The ratio of the soil heat transfer to the net radiation in the daytime became larger under the shade and the high value of larger than 0.5 was obtained in the case with high soil moisture.(2) The radiant heat ratio: The ratio of the net radiation to the soil heat transfer in the night-time was about 0.8, therefore the ratio of heat convection was estimated so small as about 0.2.(3) The good proportional relation was found between the soil heat transfer and the soil temperature difference from the floor surface to the depth of 1cm. The thermal conductivity of 0.4-0.5kcal/m·hr·°C was obtained for the wet volcanic ash floor.(4) The convection heat transfer coefficient of floor surface in the night-time was calculated from the temperature difference between soil surface and room air, and the convective heat flux which was obtained from the difference between net radiation and soil heat transfer.The typical value of 1.7kcal/m2·hr·°C was obtained for the double-roofed multi-span greenhouse.(5) The design values of soil heat transfer should be modified a little larger than the present values, in reference to the temperature difference between inside and outside as shown in the figure.

Rural Planning and Community Participation

Abstract: “Public participation” has been widely discussed among people particularly in urban society late in the 1960's. Japanese social background in this period is recognized to be attributed to rapid population and industrial growth, centralization of power and forced capital accumulation which have raised issues such as oppositives to the controlled society, loss from the decision-making of policy and destruction of living environment and so forth.Local municipality involves both urban and rural societies, therefore, “public participation” and establishment of municipal antonomy in rural society should be also considered to solve problems arising from the characteristics of countryside.A pilot project in case study area at Iide-machi (town), Yamagata prefecture was implemented by public participation system called 120 members committee. But, this project was not operated satisfactorily owing to the top-down system. The municipality was composed of small self-governed area which we used to call “chiku”. So, we suggested community workshop by bottom-up system for the purpose of public participation. The community workshop was held for one week without a break with twenty residents participated.Subjects of the workshop were :1) Giving questionnaires to inhabitants in order to understand what they are expecting the chiku where they live and work.2) Mapping out the problems which were diagnosed by people in the chiku.3) Investigating questions peculiar to the chiku.4) Making the concrete pilot project in the chiku. Schedule of the workshop was :1st day : Taking general view of the chiku and analysis of the questionnaires given to the whole participants.2nd day : Checking over the agriculture and land use.3rd day : Checking over the living environment.4th day : Checking over the shopping street.5th day : Planning community center in the chiku.6th day : Making objectives of future plan.last day : Designing the pilot project.This paper reports the process constituting a pilot project and techniques of the planning by public participation.

Metabolism of collagen and muscle protein of young rats in protein depletion.

Abstract: The effect of protein depletion on the metabolism of body collagen and muscle protein has been investigated in young male rats fed with a protein-free diet for 14 and 28 days.During the protein depletion, the protein content of the liver, intestine and skin decreased significantly, but the decrease of proteins was very little in the carcass, tail and bone (ossa cruris). An increase of tissue collagen in protein depletion was found in the carcass, bone, tail, skin and liver, while muscle protein in the carcass was evidently lost at a later stage of protein depletion. The increase of calcium in the bone was parallel to the increase of collagen, indicating continuous growth of the bones in spite of protein depletion. These results may indicate that the young animals continuously synthesize collagens of their special tissues from other tissue proteins even with severe protein deficiency. The metabolic responses of body collagens to dietary protein depletion in young rats have been discussed and compared with ...

Effects of Mg and Ca Salts on Changes of Pectic Substance during Salting of Radish Root and Its Crisp Palatability

Abstract: 漬物のクリスプ性はマグネシウム塩やカルシウム塩により向上することが現象的に明らかになっている。しかし,その理由については不明な点が多い。前報の結果から,そのことは,それらの塩類とペクチン質の関係に依存するところが大きいと推察された。従って,本報では大根の塩蔵中におけるペクチン質とマグネシウム塩・カルシウム塩の関係について検討し,併せてクリスプ性との関連性について考察した。(1) 大根の粗細胞壁ペクチンにたいする熱水可溶性,ヘキサメタリン酸可溶性,塩酸可溶性ペクチンの割合は,10:63:27であったが塩蔵によってヘキサメタリン酸可溶性ペクチンから熱水可溶性ペクチンヘの移行が顕著に起り,塩蔵31日目の割合は71:9:20であった。けれども,ペクチン総量はほとんど変化していなかった。しかし,塩化マグネシウムと硫酸カルシウムは,この変化を阻止し,後者にその作用が強かった。(2) 大根粗細胞壁のマグネシウムとカルシウムは,それぞれ約185mg%,約560mg%であったが,塩蔵31日目にはマグネシウムが約25%,カルシウムが約45%に減少し,ヘキサメタリン酸可溶性ペクチンも少なかった。しかし,塩化マグネシウムないし硫酸カルシウムを添加した塩化ナトリウムで塩蔵したものは,それぞれマグネシウム,カルシウムが顕著に多く,ヘキサメタリン酸可溶性ペクチンも多かった。従って,塩蔵によるヘキサメタリン酸可溶性ペクチンの減少は大根からマグネシウムやカルシウムのような多価陽イオンの溶出に起因すると考えた。(3) 塩化マグネシウムを添加した塩化ナトリウムで塩蔵した大根の粗細胞壁から抽出した熱水可溶性ペクチンのマグネシウムと硫酸カルシウムを添加して塩蔵したそれのカルシウムは塩蔵によって生成した熱水可溶性ペクチンと結合し,分子量の増大などを引き起した結果,ヘキサメタリン酸可溶性ペクチンを再生すると考えた。また,ヘキサメタリン酸可溶性ペクチンの再生力はマグネシウムよりカルシウムが強く,その結果,硫酸カルシウムを添加した塩化ナトリウムで塩蔵した大根は,塩化マグネシウムを添加して塩蔵したものよりもヘキサメタリン酸可溶性ペクチンが多いと考えた。(4) 塩蔵中におけるクリスプ性の変化をテクスチュロメーターによる“硬さ”で検討したところ,硫酸カルシウム,塩化マグネシウムともに“硬さ”を増加させたが,前者にその作用が強かった。このことは,硫酸カルシウムを添加した塩化ナトリウムで塩蔵した大根は塩化マグネシウムを添加して塩蔵したものよりもヘキサメタリン酸可溶性ペクチンの多いことから,カルシウムは,マグネシウムよりもペクチンに架橋結合の増加による網状構造の緻密化を起しやすく,それ結果,マグネシウムよりも“硬さ”の増加にたいして効果があると考えた.

Formation Mechanism of Thermal Environment of the Double Roofed Greenhous with Spraying of Well Water between the Roofing Layers

Abstract: 伝熱特性が時間的に一定とみなせる井水散水2重被覆ハウスの夜間伝熱系を理論解析し, 床土温度の解析解を得た.この結果, 夕方の地温分布の知られている井水散水2重被覆ハウスの床土温度が, 外気温, 天空温度および散水温度から求められるようになった.床土内における熱流束密度もこの結果から求められる.ハウス地上部各部の温度はここで得られた地表温の解を前報で得られた解に代入することにより直ちに求めることができる.床土温度の解は初期地温分布, 外気温, 天空温度および散水温度からの温度寄与の和で表された.各環境要因からの温度寄与は, その環境要因からの原寄与に重み係数を乗じた積で表された.重み係数は地上部の伝熱機構だけで定まり, また, 原寄与に含まれるハウスの伝熱パラメータは地表温総括時定数Tso (Tso≡ρcK/g2so) ただ1個であることがわかった.ここで, ρcは床土の体積比熱, Kは床土の熱伝導率, gsoは式 (7) に現れる地表面総合熱伝達係数である.一方, 初期地温分布からの温度寄与は, 深さと経過時間から定まる重み係数を初期地温分布に乗じた積の総和で表された.この重み係数に含まれるハウスの伝熱パラメータはTsoおよび相当土厚l (l≡K/gso) の2個であった.地表温総括時定数Tsoは地表温変化の時間スケールを規定し, Tsoの大なるほど地表温変化の速さがゆっくりで, ハウスの保温性が優れる.また, Tsoが等しいハウスでは相当土厚lが大きいほど深部土壌からの温度寄与が相対的に大きくなるという特徴のあることがわかった.