Showing papers in "American Journal of Infection Control in 1989"

TL;DR: An educational and enforcement program designed to improve handwashing procedures can significantly reduce endemic nosocomial infection rates.

TL;DR: Nurses and physicians should be considered a uniformly susceptible reservoir of infection capable of transmitting influenza to patients during the influenza season and organized institutional efforts to promote immunization of health care providers may be required.

TL;DR: Stepwise discriminant function analysis indicated that the use of vascular catheters and renal dialysis and the presence of immune deficiency were predictors of fatal outcome in cases and enterococcal bacteremia has become a prominent nosocomial pathogen.

TL;DR: It is concluded that glove and gown precautions can substantially reduce the nosocomial transmission of RSV, particularly with increasing exposure to patients shedding the virus.

TL;DR: The hepatitis B vaccine which is commercially available in the United States consists of noninfectious hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) which is purified from the plasma of asymptomatic chronic carriers of the hepatitis B virus.

TL;DR: Because of the number of nosocomial infections caused by gram-positive cocci or normal flora, health care workers who wear artificial nails should consider the potential risk of increased carriage of gram-negative rods.

TL;DR: This outbreak reemphasized that all work on Brucella species, an established biosafety level 3 organism, must be conducted under a biologic safety hood and it might be prudent to perform all clinical "setups" under a safety hood since aerosolization commonly occurs during the initial processing of specimens.

TL;DR: It is affirm that gloves can be regarded only as a means of reducing the risk of gross soilage from blood or body fluids and a strong statistical association of nonsterile packaging or packaging in suction kits with increased leakage rates is found.

TL;DR: Hydrophobicity and speciation had the greatest combined predictive value of any two tests, and this increased to only 90% when determination of slime production was added, which provides additional clinical information when coagulase-negative staphylococci are isolated in culture.

TL;DR: Screening strategies for VZV immunity in hospital employees could be made more efficient by performing serologic tests only on those persons aged 35 years or younger with a negative or uncertain history of the disease.

TL;DR: F. meningosepticum may emerge as an important pathogen if prophylactic use of polymyxin B becomes more widespread and ciprofloxacin may become the agent of choice for treatment of this organism.

TL;DR: Pediatric patients placed with patients in an adult surgical intensive care unit (SICU) in a large, 12-bed room previously occupied exclusively by the adult patients increased the occurrence of multiply resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pediatric patients and the rate of acquisition by the patients in the SICU remained unchanged.

TL;DR: An antimicrobial soap is recommended when handwashing frequency is high and a long-term reduction in colonizing flora is desirable, although there seems to be less advantage of one product over another, although the use of chlorhexidine gluconate resulted in greater reductions at both high and low handwashing frequencies.

TL;DR: During a 17-month period (01/11/85-05/31/86) 225 cases of nosocomial diarrhea were identified in a children's hospital, rotavirus is the most commonly identified pathogen and enteric adenovirus was identified in 95 of the 225 cases.

TL;DR: Usual preventive measures, such as nursery design, staff apparel, handwashing, employee health, and neonatal care, as well as epidemic control measures to minimize infection risks and limit transmission of infectious organisms, are discussed.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the daily change of an antiseptic dressing does not reduce the risk of infusion phlebitis.

TL;DR: This survey suggests that the subset of responding patients want to know more about the risk of nosocomial infections, and they are willing to pay for more resources to be channeled into effective infection control programs.

TL;DR: Administration of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine by the intradermal route proved to be a safe and effective method of vaccination and cost savings of preexposure immunization with the intrusion versus the intramuscular route were approximately $90 per enrollee.

TL;DR: Important clinical factors that promote the emergence of drug-resistant flora include prolonged therapy, the persistence of foreign bodies, sequestra, or prostheses, and the inadequate surgical debridement of necrotic tissue or abscesses.

TL;DR: The outcome of antimicrobial cost-containment efforts in patient care should be monitored as a surveillance activity to be conducted by infection control practitioners involved with quality assessment.

TL;DR: The virus itself--its history and prevalent modes of transmission, and methods to prevent HIV infection through testing, counseling, limiting sexual transmission, screening of blood and blood products, reducing risk among intravenous drug users, avoiding perinatal transmission, practicing safety measures in health care settings, and implementing educational goals are discussed.

TL;DR: The Joint Commission recently has revised its hospital standards for infection control to reflect more accurately current state-of-the-art practices, and one of the topics that will be included in those clinical indicator sets will be infection control.

TL;DR: An equation is developed that provides an infection control practitioner with an expected rate of bacteremia that complicates CVC use and provides an aid for decision-making for investigation in the absence of clusters.

TL;DR: It is important to target educational efforts to persons in this industry to help them minimize their risks of infection with blood and body fluid borne infections.

TL;DR: Food service employees need to be counseled against working during any symptomatic enteric illness and require thorough instruction on hygienic food handling during an explosive outbreak of Salmonella enterocolitis.

TL;DR: Jet injectors are unlikely to become colonized by bacteria or to cause infection in patients using them for insulin administration, and the low rate of colonization may be due to the antibacterial preservatives added to commercial preparations of insulin.