Showing papers in "Atmospheric Environment in 1978"

TL;DR: A review of the physical characteristics of sulfur-containing aerosols, with respect to size distribution of physical distributions, sulfur distributions, distribution modal characteristics, nuclei formation rates, aerosol growth characteristics, and in situ measurement, has been made as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of known and unknown aspects of wet and dry fluxes of atmospheric trace constituents past the air-sea interface is presented, and a resistance model for dry deposition illustrates that the rate-limiting stage of dry removal can occur in different layers depending on atmospheric and oceanic conditions and on properties of the pollutants.

TL;DR: In this paper, a relatively simple scheme for estimating vertical diffusion from continuous sources near the ground is presented in terms of well defined surface layer parameters: the surface roughness length z0 the Obukhov stability length L and the friction velocity u ∗.

TL;DR: In this article, an evaluation of the existing kinetic data related to the elementary, homogeneous reactions of SO 2 within the troposphere is made, and a set of preferred values of the rate constants for these reactions is presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, an Aerosol Mobility Chromatograph (AMC) was developed for measuring sulfuric acid aerosols, based on the electrical mobility of aerosol particles and operates in a way similar to that of the conventional liquid or gas chromatograph.

TL;DR: In this article, dry deposition and removal in precipitation of SO2 and of paniculate sulphate are considered in turn, and a simplified model suggests that about a half of the SO2 emitted to the atmosphere is removed by dry deposition, the remainder is oxidised to sulphate and removed in precipitation and the atmospheric residence time is about 5 days for sulphur.

TL;DR: In this article, a Gaussian plume formulation was used to estimate the vertically integrated cross-wind concentration distribution for a continuous point source located within a thermally convecting field and in the presence of a simulated uniform mean wind.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the results of two different types of samplers, i.e., an ion chromatograph and thorin spectrophotometeric method to determine sulfate.

TL;DR: In this article, a wind tunnel was used to investigate fine particle (d < 25 μm) production by wind erosion, and the effects of sandblasting, wind speed, soil consolidation and soil surface texture were separated.

TL;DR: In this article, a combination of airborne particulate matter sampling and gas phase sampling was used in conjunction with computerized data elaboration to identify more than 100 compounds in the gas phase.

TL;DR: In this paper, the SO 2 -transfer within the gas phase towards and within droplets are calculated, equilibrium between SO 2 in the gasphase and sulfur (IV) in cloud and fog droplets is reached within less than 1 second.

TL;DR: In this article, air filter samples were collected at four sites in Washington, D.C. during the summer of 1974 and analyzed for 27 elements, including coal, oil and refuse combustion, marine aerosols, soil and motor vehicle emissions.

TL;DR: Deardorff et al. as discussed by the authors used the Lagrangian diffusion equation to simulate the dispersion of non-buoyant particles released from an elevated point source and showed that for a source of height z s = 0.26h, where h is the depth of the mixed layer, the locus of maximum concentration in the cross-wind integrated plume descends to ground-level at a downstream distance x ∼- 0.6hU/w ∗, where U is the mean wind speed and w ∗ is the convective velocity scale.

TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of long-term ozone (O 3 ) data collected at remote sites between latitudes 19°N and 48°N is complemented by aircraft data to support the conclusion that a significant reservoir of ozone is present in the troposphere.

TL;DR: In this article, a Lagrangian-type model was used to quantify long range transport of sulphur over Europe on an annual basis (1974), and the estimated total amounts of dry and wet deposition within the area considered (9 M km 2 ) are about 11 Mt and 6 Mt S respectively.

TL;DR: In this article, the dominance of sulfates in atmospheric aerosol was analyzed and it was shown that sulfates dominate in industrial regions of submicrometer tropospheric aerosol by a family of sulfate compounds.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the results of laboratory studies of the uncatalyzed liquid phase oxidation of SO2 by oxygen and showed that the rate of production of sulfates varies linearly with the concentration of ozone and bisulfite.

TL;DR: A Fourier-transform infrared system operable at pathlengths up to 2 km has been constructed for the detection and measurement of trace contaminants in the ambient atmosphere and in controlled smog formation studies.

TL;DR: A simple line-source model is proposed to describe the downwind dispersion of pollutants near the roadway that avoids the cumbersome integration necessary for conventional Gaussian models and allows for plume rise due to the heated exhaust and is therefore potentially more accurate than conventionalGaussian models.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the role of the atmosphere and give statistics of its depth from measurements made at Cardington, England, in terms of the velocity of deposition of SO2 (0.8cms−1 over land, 0.5cms− 1 over sea) and the conversion rate of SO 2 to sulphate (roughly 1% h−1).

TL;DR: In this article, a 6-stage high volume cascade impactor was used to fractionate airborne particulate matter from a suburban area and analyzed for about 60 organic pollutants by programmed multiple ion detection gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

TL;DR: In this article, a micrometeorological method has been used to estimate dry deposition rates of sulphur dioxide on agricultural crops from vertical gradients of SO2 concentration, windspeed and air temperature above the crop surface.

TL;DR: In this paper, the summer sulfur budget of the coal-fired Labadie power plant near St. Louis, Missouri is assessed via aircraft data, ground monitoring network data and a two-box model.

TL;DR: In this paper, two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and coronene (COR) were studied.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the rates of removal of gaseous SO2 over solids commonly found in urban aerosols in a tubular flow reactor, in which the walls of an inner, concentric cylinder were coated with the solid of interest.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the oxidation rates of SO2 by O2 and O3 in buffered aqueous solutions at pH between 4 and 12, temperatures between 5 and 25°C, oxygen partial pressures between 0.11 and 1.0 atm, and ozone partial pressures in neutral or weakly acidic solutions.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of rain on changes in the atmospheric particulate concentration was evaluated, and these measurements were compared with theoretical calculations of particle washout coefficients, and it appeared that these mechanisms cannot adequately explain the observed decreases in particle number density during a precipitation event.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare observed air quality and trajectory data to calculations to quantitatively evaluate the differences and make suggestions for studies to improve the capability of calculating trajectories, including experiments using balloons and controlled tracer releases.

TL;DR: In this paper, the large-scale distribution of SO 2, H 2 S and sulfate-aerosols in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere has been investigated.

TL;DR: The data show that air pollution in the basin is a regional problem and that emissions in the western portion of the basin can result in high concentrations of secondary pollutants (e.g. > 0.25 ppm ozone) in areas over 50 km downwind.