Showing papers in "Behaviour Research and Therapy in 1976"

TL;DR: The alcoholics who receive the improved Community-Reinforcement program drank less, worked more, spent more time at home and less time institutionalized than did their matched controls who received the standard hospital treatment including Antabuse in the usual manner.

TL;DR: Only subjects treated by IBT with a goal of controlled drinking engaged in a substantial amount of limited, non-problem drinking during the second year interval, and those subjects also had more abstinent days than subjects in any other group.

TL;DR: The major critical arguments and evidence are presented to show why the two-stage theory is inadequate and some of the theoretical and clinical consequences, are presented and evaluated.

TL;DR: An interaction between degree of dependence, type of treatment, and goal of treatment is suggested: if confirmed by future research this would have strong implications for the planning of comprehensive alcoholism treatment services.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the new theory is more adequate than previous ones to account for the known facts of human neurosis, and that it suggests novel types of experiment in both the animal and human fields which can be used to test its adequacy.

TL;DR: The results partially support the learned helplessness model of depression which claims that a belief in independence between responding and reinforcement is central to the etiology and symptoms of depression in man.

TL;DR: This study investigated the duration effect of flooding ‘ in vivo ’ and ‘in fantasy’ in twelve obsessive-compulsive patients treated in a balanced Latin square design and found long practice sessions proved significantly superior to other treatment conditions.

TL;DR: The present analysis is proposed as part of a move towards an integrated, consistent approach to the practice and theory of behaviour modification in dealing with obsessional and compulsive problems.

TL;DR: Separate but related hypotheses are proposed to account for the genesis and the maintenance of compulsive checking and these are followed by 9 predictions.

TL;DR: Social skills training was administered to three chronic schizophrenic patients in a Partial Hospitalization Service, indicating that the effects of training generalized from trained to untrained, and trained to novel role-played interactions.

TL;DR: The results showed that both treatments led to significant improvements in the patients' social lives, which, in the case of social skills training were maintained at 6 months follow-up, which led to suggestions made for further research in this area.

TL;DR: The results were interpreted as being consistent with an anxiety/discomfort reduction hypothesis, with the spontaneous decay of anxiety/ discomfort and urges observed during a 3-hr response-prevention period.

TL;DR: Both the increases and post-ritual decreases in discomfort were more pronounced in the spontaneous occurrence condition (E absent), consistent with the hypothesis that compulsive rituals serve to reduce discomfort.

TL;DR: This individual case study was designed to test the possibility that excessive drinking behaviour can be modified by prolonged exposure to drinking cues, based on the hypothesis that addictive behaviour is analogous to discriminated operants.

TL;DR: Differences in outcome among the groups were not highly significant, but consistent trends were found which suggested that the combination of directed practice and counselling was associated with most change, particularly when two therapists were involved.

TL;DR: The weaknesses of the equipotentiality premise are rehearsed and an alternative theory of preparedness, with particular reference to phobias, is outlined, and two clinical cases which appear to be contrary to prediction.

TL;DR: Thirteen obsessive-compulsive clients were treated with different methods of response prevention, and results at the post-test revealed that modeling was superior to no-modeling.

TL;DR: Electric aversion therapy, involving ten 20-trial sessions of shocks contiguous with the smoking act, reduced cigarette consumption by an average of 12% (p) before treatment and simple ‘self-monitoring’ and ‘ self-control’ reduced cigarette Consumption by anaverage of 12%.

TL;DR: Treatments were designed to determine the therapeutic efficacy of play as a method of stimulus presentation with children, and to determine whether reciprocal inhibition, extinction, operant reinforcement, or instructional set contribute to fear reduction in desensitization with children.

TL;DR: The experience with application of the security deposit contracting procedure to maintaining routine disulfiram ingestion among outpatients in an alcoholism treatment program is reported here on.

TL;DR: A significant interaction was found between SR group and treatment condition and the financial contingency had either neutral or negative effects.

TL;DR: The Overcorrection procedure appears to be a rapid, effective, and enduring method of eliminating the public disrobing of retarded adult females.

TL;DR: In an analysis of variance, no main effects of sex, personality or patient status were found, but sex interacting with personality was significantly related both to the overall amount of ADB reported and to the amount found helpful.

TL;DR: Reductions in psychological and physiological correlates of tension produced by various muscle relaxation training techniques were examined and feedback in the tactile modality was indicated to produce overall reductions in tension comparable to those produced by progressive relaxation.

TL;DR: None of the treatment procedures had any effect on behavioural manifestations of anxiety in public-speaking phobics, but all treatment subjects showed greater reductions in subjective anxiety than either of the control groups, indicating the value of brief supervision in its use.

TL;DR: A variety of treatments including negative practice, operant procedures and psychotherapy have been used in treating nail-biting but no single treatment has been generally effective in eliminating nail- biting.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the advice-giving role of the doctor could be used more effectively than it currently is in preventive medicine, and that the psychologist has an important role to play in measuring the successful parameters of such advice and hence improving its quality.

TL;DR: A pretraining procedure in which rats drank sugar water prior to lithium sickness and no taste experience preceded lithium sickness produced far stronger aversions than the P procedure, and the Li procedure produced the weakest aversions.

TL;DR: It is suggested that covert modeling was as effective as overt modeling or covert modeling plus self-tailoring for instating assertion among nonassertive college women.