Showing papers in "Biological Psychology in 1985"

TL;DR: It is argued that the differences in rhythm parameters associated with the personality dimension of introversion-extraversion are the result of exogenous influences in the intrinsic period of the circadian system.

TL;DR: The results suggest that attention can influence 'automatic' sensory-perceptual analysis and suggest that modality-matching probes were presented over foregrounds judged a priori to be more 'interesting' than 'dull' foregrounds.

TL;DR: It is concluded that attending to a presented word results in an automatic analysis of its meaning in the context of a preceding verbal input, and that ERPs can indicate the nature of the output of that analysis.

TL;DR: P3 amplitude was determined by principal components analysis and it was found to be significantly larger for the introverts than for the extraverts, interpreted as evidence that P3 amplitude is sensitive to individual differences in the allocation of attention.

TL;DR: The effects of target tone frequency, presence of a masking stimulus, and subject sex on the auditory ERP were studied with an 'oddball' paradigm and the role of stimulus parameters in applied testing situations is discussed.

TL;DR: The relationship between rhythmical stereotypies (leg-swinging) and heart rate in normal school children was examined and the correlative use of heart rate strengthened functional interpretations of behaviour.

TL;DR: The contingent Negative Variation was compared in four paradigms inducing distinct processes and Discussion focuses upon the relations between CNV, temporal processes and activation.

TL;DR: The late positivity (P4) of the SRPs to infrequent stimuli appeared systematically later as the complexity of stimulus evaluation increased, in agreement with the results for traditional ERPs.

TL;DR: In a concept learning task, the time course of P3 amplitudes following the stimuli to be categorized was investigated but that time course did not coincide with the learning curve: it was not until the 4th to 6th trial after learning that P 3 amplitudes grew larger.

TL;DR: Since standardized increases in temporal pulse amplitude were greater than increases in other modalities in only a minority of headache-prone subjects, it was concluded that dilatation of extracranial arteries during stress does not form an essential part of the migraine syndrome.

TL;DR: The results of two experiments investigated the effects of conditioned stimulus (CS) preexposure on Pavlovian differential conditioning and extinction of the skin conductance response indicated that no-preexposure groups displayed more CS+/CS- differentiation than preex exposure groups during acquisition and more resistance to extinction, at least for the first interval anticipatory response.

TL;DR: Deliberately fostering positive expectations of meditation was associated with lower physiological arousal in terms of diastolic and systolic blood pressure, heart rate and skin conductance level, and the subjects, meditating for the first time, showed marginally lower psychophysiological arousal during the meditation.

TL;DR: A sample of 58 students was subjected to four stress conditions and showed a rather stable ISR in physiological variables when tested again after two months, and about 14% when testing again after twelve months, which replicated earlier findings.

TL;DR: It was suggested that none of the r values are sufficiently high to warrant the use of PTT as an alternative index of BP, and some factors lowering the rvalues were discussed.

TL;DR: SBP and PR measures were elevated in the controllable as compared to uncontrollable shock conditions, replicating previous work on cardiovascular responses to coping demands, and FPV was sensitive to the threat of shock, but did not differ as a function of the coping demands of the task.

TL;DR: It is concluded that different regulatory mechanisms are involved in adrenocortical secretion, depending on the origin of the stimulation, and that cortisol responses are closely related to individual coping abilities and strategies.

TL;DR: Results confirmed the important role of stimulus significance in each system whether between- or within-subject comparisons were made and indicated studies using small motor responses to establish stimulus significance are not likely to be substantially biased by the response itself.

TL;DR: Electrodermal and cardiac activity within a two-stimulus anticipation paradigm and the implications for theories of the orienting response are discussed, particularly with reference to the view that orienting reflects an activation of the information processing system.

TL;DR: The results are interpreted as an habituation process whose development is influenced by early environment and decreases in potential amplitude with repeated stimulus.

TL;DR: It was concluded that styles of information processing assumed by the hemispheres are the consequence of an interaction between the stimulus and the state of the organism at the moment, such that the direction of laterality can change within a subject performing the same task depending upon its perceptual demand.

TL;DR: In a series of studies, cardiac activity, assessed with an impedance cardiograph, was monitored as college students performed either a visual search or pursuit rotor task and heart rate was the only measure sensitive to the level of task difficulty.

TL;DR: In general, response latencies lengthened during recovery sleep indicating a diminished ability to respond while no differences in arousal were evident.

TL;DR: The relationship was examined between cardiovascular changes and performance efficiency in adult males performing an anagram solution task and it was found that subjects who performed better in the 100% condition had an increase in pulse pressure, that is, a greater rise of SBP than of DBP.