Showing papers in "Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences in 1992"
TL;DR: Interspecific patterns of fish life histories were evaluated in relation to several theoretical models of life-history evolution to explore relationships among variables and to ordinate species.
Abstract: Interspecific patterns of fish life histories were evaluated in relation to several theoretical models of life-history evolution. Data were gathered for 216 North American fish species (57 families) to explore relationships among variables and to ordinate species. Multivariate tests, performed on freshwater, marine, and combined data matrices, repeatedly identified a gradient associating later-maturing fishes with higher fecundity, small eggs, and few bouts of reproduction during a short spawning season and the opposite suite of traits with small fishes. A second strong gradient indicated positive associations between parental care, egg size, and extended breeding seasons. Phylogeny affected each variable, and some higher taxonomic groupings were associated with particular life-history strategies. High-fecundity characteristics tended to be associated with large species ranges in the marine environment. Age at maturation, adult growth rate, life span, and egg size positively correlated with anadromy. Pare...
1,374 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, total mercury, monomethylmercury (CH3Hg), and dimethylmerc mercury ((CH3)2Hg) in edible muscle were examined in 229 samples, representing seven freshwater and eight saltwater fish species and several sp...
Abstract: Total mercury, monomethylmercury (CH3Hg), and dimethylmercury ((CH3)2Hg) in edible muscle were examined in 229 samples, representing seven freshwater and eight saltwater fish species and several sp...
1,201 citations
TL;DR: Comparisons of the von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) and five polynomial functions (PF) in modelling fish growth for 16 populations comprising six species of freshwater fishes indicated that VBGF described growth data better than three- and four-parameter polynometric functions.
Abstract: We compared the von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) and five polynomial functions (PF) in modelling fish growth for 16 populations comprising six species of freshwater fishes. Ranked results of the variance explained by each growth function indicated that VBGF described growth data better than three- and four-parameter polynomial functions. Log-transforming length and age greatly improved the goodness-of-fit of the three-parameter polynomial function. Statistical comparison of growth between populations or sexes was done using a general linear model for polynomial functions. An analysis of residual sum of squares was proposed to compare the resultant VBGFs because the nonlinear formulation of the VBGF prevented traditional analysis of covariance procedures. Fitting of different growth functions to the same growth data set yielded the same result in the intra-species growth comparisons for three species (eight populations) but different results for two species (seven populations). Where ages of the fish...
471 citations
TL;DR: Ways in which invertebrates colonize lotic habitats are reviewed, tracing patterns in behaviour, trophic ecology, and life history that could lead to predictions concerning resilience of stream communities after disturbance.
Abstract: Ways in which invertebrates colonize lotic habitats are reviewed, tracing patterns in behaviour, trophic ecology, and life history that could lead to predictions concerning resilience of stream com...
458 citations
TL;DR: Fish spotters are pilots in small aircraft employed by commercial fishermen to locate, identify, estimate the size of, and direct boats toward pelagic fish schools.
Abstract: Fish spotters are pilots in small aircraft employed by commercial fishermen to locate, identify, estimate the size of, and direct boats toward pelagic fish schools. Data describing species, locatio...
447 citations
TL;DR: A tubenose goby (Proterorhinus marmoratus), a European endangered species native to the Black and Caspian seas, was recovered on 11 April 1990 from the travelling screens of the Belle River Power Plant located on the St. Clair River, Michigan.
Abstract: A tubenose goby (Proterorhinus marmoratus), a European endangered species native to the Black and Caspian seas, was recovered on 11 April 1990 from the travelling screens of the Belle River Power P...
440 citations
TL;DR: Sections of a small coastal British Columbia stream that had previously been cleaned of large woody debris (LWD) were compared with sections where most debris was left and with others where debris had been relatively undisturbed for at least 40 yr.
Abstract: Sections of a small coastal British Columbia stream that had previously been cleaned of large woody debris (LWD) were compared with sections where most debris was left and with others where debris ...
359 citations
TL;DR: Downstream link (incorporating both stream size and size of stream at the next downstream confluence) explained the greatest portion of the variance, which suggests that downstream processes significantly influence the structure of fish communities inhabiting warmwater streams.
Abstract: We found a significant and positive relationship between fish species richness and four measures of stream size (drainage area, stream order, link magnitude, and downstream link) in three Illinois ...
336 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that the brief period of air exposure which occurs in many "catch and release" fisheries is a significant additional stress which may ultimately influence whether a released fish survives.
Abstract: Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) which were air exposed for 60 s after exhaustive exercise initially had a much larger extracellular acidosis than trout which were only exercised. In both groups, however, plasma pH returned to normal by 4 h. Blood lactate concentrations were also greater in the air-exposed fish and continued to increase throughout the experiment. During air exposure, there was retention of carbon dioxide in the blood, and oxygen tension (Po2) and hemoglobin:oxygen carriage (Hb:O2) both fell by over 80%. After 30 min of recovery, however, blood gases resembled those in fish which were only exercised. Finally, survival after 12 h was 10% in control fish and 88% in the exercised fish but fell to 62 and 28% in fish which were air exposed for 30 and 60 s, respectively, after exercise. These results indicate that the brief period of air exposure which occurs in many "catch and release" fisheries is a significant additional stress which may ultimately influence whether a released fish survives.
276 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that if spawning escapement is adequate, the production of wild coho salmon smolts in most coho Salmon spawning streams on the Oregon Coast is probably limited by the availability of adequate winter habitat.
Abstract: Habitat use by juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during spring, summer, and winter was examined in Oregon coastal streams. Coho salmon fry were most abundant in backwater pools during spr...
269 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the temporal dynamics and spatial distribution of zooplankton in the tidal freshwater portion of the Hudson River were studied over a 3-yr period, and the hypothesis that advective transport is involved in the transport of these organisms was tested.
Abstract: The temporal dynamics and spatial distributions of zooplankton in the tidal freshwater portion of the Hudson River were studied over a 3-yr period. We tested the hypothesis that advective transport...
TL;DR: A second nonindigenous species of dreissenid mussel in the Great Lakes was detected in a routine screening of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) for allozyme variability, and is called the "quagga mussel."
Abstract: In this paper we report the discovery and implications of a second nonindigenous species of dreissenid mussel in the Great Lakes. This species was detected in a routine screening of zebra mussels (...
TL;DR: Effects of changes in DOC concentrations, pH, and microbial respiration rates on specific rates of mercury methylation and demethylation in lake water were studied using radioisotopic techniques.
Abstract: Effects of changes in DOC concentrations, pH, and microbial respiration rates on specific rates of mercury methylation and demethylation in lake water were studied using radioisotopic techniques. I...
TL;DR: Generalized additive models (GAM) are herein applied to trawl survey data in the eastern Bering Sea with an eye to detecting trends in groundfish distributions and improving abundance estimates by including the trend.
Abstract: Generalized additive models (GAM) are herein applied to trawl survey data in the eastern Bering Sea with an eye to (1) detecting trends in groundfish distributions and (2) improving abundance estim
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a case study where risk analysis can enhance the value of scientific advice to fishery managers by expressing the uncertainty inherent in stock assessments in terms of biological risk.
Abstract: Risk analysis can enhance the value of scientific advice to fishery managers by expressing the uncertainty inherent in stock assessments in terms of biological risk. I present a case study involvin...
TL;DR: Insect density decreased up to 94% at the most unstable stream reach following summer and autumn spates when 8 and 12%, respectively, of the streambed paving material was at incipient motion wheres no reduction occurred in a stable riffle constr...
Abstract: Effects of discharge/substrate stability relationships on the abundance, diversity, and distribution of aquatic insects were studied from 1986 to 1988 in three reaches of a small stream in the Mani...
TL;DR: The results indicated that food-deprived rainbow trout have an overall depression in glycogen metabolism, and the combined effects of limited substrate and increased energy demand necessitated mobilization of liver glycogen in the food- Deprived group, but not in the fed group.
Abstract: Acute handling stress resulted in significant elevation of plasma cortisol and lactate concentrations within 30 min in both fed and food-deprived rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), indicating a typical stress response Plasma glucose levels rose immediately (30 min) poststress in the food-deprived group, while there was a delayed response (2 h) in the fed group The low liver glycogen content and total glycogen phosphorylase (GPase) and glycogen synthase (GSase) activities in the food-deprived group indicated an overall depression in glycogen metabolism Acute handling stress maintained liver glycogen stores for up to 4 h in the food-deprived group, but the combined effects of limited substrate and increased energy demand necessitated mobilization of liver glycogen in the food-deprived group, but not in the fed group This increased glycogen mobilization in the food-deprived group coincided with a secondary elevation in plasma cortisol concentration 4 h poststress The results indicated that food-depriv
TL;DR: It was found that both occurrence and average density of Dreissena populations were highly correlated with water chemistry, and DreISSena density was negatively related to concentration of the algal nutrients PO4 and NO3.
Abstract: Limnological features of different lakes may limit the density of, or even completely restrict, populations of the European zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha. We developed statistical models to predict the occurrence (presence or absence) and density (number per square metre) of Dreissena in lakes, based on multivariate correlations between the density of Dreissena populations and the limnological characteristics of the lakes they inhabit. We found that both occurrence and average density of Dreissena populations were highly correlated with water chemistry. Dreissena was not found in lakes with average pH values below 7.3 and concentrations of calcium ion below 28.3 mg∙L−1. Above these thresholds, Dreissena density was negatively related to concentration of the algal nutrients PO4 and NO3.
TL;DR: This work develops a standardized presentation for several example environments where detailed data on biomass density by body size in the trophic positions, phytoplankton, zooplankon, benthos, and fish, make it possible to establish overall or primary spectral slopes.
Abstract: The biomass density of aquatic ecosystems can be expressed as an allometric function of organism body size. The log–log plot of this relation, termed the biomass spectrum, is used to compare aquati...
TL;DR: Annual organic matter inputs and production of stocked coho salmon, coastal cutthroat trout, and shorthead sculpin from spring through early autumn were monitored for 2 yr in two headwater tributaries of the Deschutes River, Washington.
Abstract: Annual organic matter inputs and production of stocked coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), coastal cutthroat trout (O. clarki clarki), and shorthead sculpin (Cottus confusus) from spring through ea...
TL;DR: An open-water planktivore, the gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), can drive complex interactions among fish and zooplankton in Ohio reservoirs.
Abstract: An open-water planktivore, the gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), can drive complex interactions among fish and zooplankton in Ohio reservoirs. In Kokosing Lake, crustacean zooplankton density declined to near zero immediately after larval gizzard shad abundance peaked during 1987 and 1988. This decline can be attributed to increased death rates, due to predation, and to reduced number of eggs per cladoceran. In an enclosure/exclosure experiment, young-of-year gizzard shad at lake densities significantly reduced density of crustacean zooplankton and rotifers within 2 wk. In addition, phytoplankton that were edible to zooplankton were reduced in enclosures, likely due to a combination of direct herbivory by gizzard shad and reduced nutrient availability due to uptake by the growing gizzard shad. Gizzard shad not only directly influenced zooplankton via predation, they also indirectly affected zooplankton by reducing phytoplankton abundance. Because larval bluegill (Lepomis macrochira) migrated to the limn...
TL;DR: Preindustrial and present-day lake water pH, acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), total monomeric aluminum (Alm), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were inferred from the species composition of diato...
Abstract: Preindustrial and present-day lake water pH, acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), total monomeric aluminum (Alm), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were inferred from the species composition of diatom and chrysophyte microfossils in the tops (present-day inferences) and bottoms (pre-1850 inferences) of sediment cores collected from a statistically selected set of Adirondack lakes. Results from the study lakes were extrapolated to a predefined target population of 675 low-alkalinity Adirondack region lakes. Estimates of preindustrial to present-day changes in lake water chemistry show that approximately 25–35% of the target population has acidified. The magnitude of acidification was greatest in the low-alkalinity lakes of the southwestern Adirondacks, an area with little geological ability to neutralize acidic deposition and receives the highest annual average rainfall in the region. We estimate that ~80% of the target population lakes with present-day measured pH and 30–45% of lakes with pH between 5.2 and...
TL;DR: Comparisons of contamination at taxomic levels higher than species were complicated by element-specific differences in bioaccumulation among taxa, and differences appeared to be governed by biological and hydrogeochemical factors.
Abstract: Trace element bioaccumulation was studied in immature benthic insects from two contaminated river systems to develop these animals as bioindicators. In one river, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn were analysed i...
TL;DR: Field experiments in the pools of a mountain stream demonstrate that Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) rank feeding positions according to desirability and that competition sorts fish so that the dominance rank of each individual matches the rank Desirability of its position.
Abstract: Field experiments in the pools of a mountain stream demonstrate that Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) rank feeding positions according to desirability and that competition sorts fish so that th...
TL;DR: The Northeast wetland basin lost more N and P, especially TDN, TDP, TN, and TP, than did terrestrial basins, although nitrate losses were higher from terrestrial basin, and net retention of TN and TP over the 18-yr period was h...
Abstract: Wildfire in the boreal forests at the Experimental Lakes Area in Ontario caused significant losses of nitrogen and phosphorus in streams. Both watershed type and fire intensity appear to determine ...
TL;DR: It is shown that the sigmoid relationship with total phosphorus persists whether algal biomass is measured by chlorophyll or biovolume, and it is hypothesized that this nonlinearity actually reflects an underlying systematic variation in one or more of the components of total phytoplankton biomass.
Abstract: It has long been recognized that there is a positive relationship between total phytoplankton biomass and eutrophication. Recent independent studies demonstrated that algal biomass (chlorophyll) ac...
TL;DR: Lake whitefish exposed to primary treated bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) had reduced gonadal development and increased liver size relative to two reference populations and liver size was smaller following operation of the secondary treatment system.
Abstract: Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) exposed to primary treated bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) had reduced gonadal development and increased liver size relative to two reference populations...
TL;DR: Although nutrient effects on periphyton ash-free dry mass were statistically insignificant, nutrient additions significantly increased chlorophyll a, especially where snails were excluded, and Photosynthesis–irradiance data suggested that nutrient enrichment increased self-shading in the peripHYton.
Abstract: Nitrate and phosphate were added to two of four flow through channels in a second-order stream in eastern Tennessee to raise nutrient concentrations to 3–4 times background, while two of four sets of colonized ceramic tiles in each channel were raised above the substratum to exclude grazing snails (Elimia clavaeformis). Snail grazing maintained a thin layer of periphyton dominated by Stigeoclonium basal cells, regardless of nutrient regime. Although nutrient effects on periphyton ash-free dry mass were statistically insignificant, nutrient additions significantly increased chlorophyll a, especially where snails were excluded. Snail densities were 89% higher in nutrient-enriched channels. Photosynthesis–irradiance data suggested that nutrient enrichment increased self-shading in the periphyton. Areal-specific productivity was simultaneously limited by grazing and low nutrient concentrations: snail exclusion and nutrient enrichment both increased productivity > 2 times. The negative effect of snails on area...
TL;DR: Bacterial strain PM-4, isolated from a crustacean culturing pond, improved the growth of crab larvae and repressed Vibrio anguillarum in seawater.
Abstract: Bacterial strain PM-4, isolated from a crustacean culturing pond, improved the growth of crab (Portunus trituberculatus) larvae and repressed the growth of Vibrio anguillarum in seawater. PM-4 was ...
TL;DR: In rearing studies on 6- to 22-d-old larval striped bass, Morone saxatilis, several back-calculation methods to known-growth larvae applied, a growth effect occurred on otolith diameter – standard length relationships, where slower growing larvae had relatively larger otoliths.
Abstract: In rearing studies on 6- to 22-d-old larval striped bass, Morone saxatilis, we applied several back-calculation methods to known-growth larvae. A growth effect occurred on otolith diameter – standa...