Showing papers in "Chemie Ingenieur Technik in 2019"
140 citations
TL;DR: An overview of electrochemical processes for water, process water, and wastewater treatment can be found in this paper, where some essential basics of these processes for the treatment of water are presented and examples for applications are given.
Abstract: Regarding the treatment of (waste)water, electrochemical processes have various advantages over other methods. They are robust, easy to operate and flexible in case of fluctuating wastewater streams. In addition, a relatively broad spectrum of organic and inorganic impurities can be removed. This contribution provides an overview of electrochemical reactors for water, process water, and wastewater treatment, which are already in technical‐scale operation or subject of research. Some essential basics of electrochemical processes for the treatment of water are presented and examples for applications are given. This is followed by a description of the reactors.
76 citations
32 citations
32 citations
27 citations
TL;DR: Current developments in the field of impeller geometries and findings for multistage configurations with a specific view on aerated stirred tanks are reviewed, and quantities usable for scale-up, specifically applicable in this field are discussed.
Abstract: Mainly with respect to biotechnological cases, current developments in the field of impeller geometries and findings for multistage configurations with a specific view on aerated stirred tanks are reviewed. Although often the first choice, in the given case the 6-straight blade disc turbine is usually not the best option. Furthermore, quantities usable for scale-up, specifically applicable in this field are discussed. Only quantities taking local conditions into account appear to be able to actually compare different stirrer types and scales.
26 citations
26 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an additive manufacturing approach is used to develop a new Zickzack packing for rotating packed beds (RPBs), which provides better mass transfer at reduced pressure drop compared to available conventional packings, while being competitive in terms of mass transfer with the industrially applied rotating zigzag bed at significantly lower pressure drop.
Abstract: The growing demand for flexible and compact separation technologies has promoted the application of high-gravity technology, like rotating packed beds (RPBs). Mass transfer characterization and packing design play an important role in the development of this technology. This article provides a systematic approach towards the evaluation of packing and the development of advanced packing design for distillation in RPBs. For the latter, an additive manufacturing approach is used to develop a new Zickzack packing for RPBs. The new packing provides better mass transfer at reduced pressure drop compared to available conventional packings, while being competitive in terms of mass transfer with the industrially applied rotating zigzag bed at significantly reduced pressure drop.
25 citations
24 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the general ability of formate to be used as an energy or hydrogen carrier is discussed and compared to well-known energy storage chemicals, and concepts to employ formate solution as energy carrier by combining CO2 electrolysis with the reconversion of Formate into electricity via a direct formate fuel cell or catalytic decomposition to H2 combined with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell are demonstrated.
Abstract: Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to useful chemicals can change the role of CO2 from harmful waste to a valuable feedstock. Despite a lot of progress in the alkaline electrochemical conversion of CO2 to formate, there is still a lack of potential applications for the generated aqueous formate solution. Here, the general ability of formate to be used as an energy or hydrogen carrier is discussed and compared to well‐known energy storage chemicals. Concepts to employ formate solution as an energy carrier by combining CO2 electrolysis with the reconversion of formate into electricity via a direct formate fuel cell or catalytic decomposition to H2 combined with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell are demonstrated.
TL;DR: The influence of the current wave of digitalization on thermodynamics is analyzed in this article, where different aspects of digitalisation in thermodynamics are discussed: strengths and weaknesses, as well as opportunities.
Abstract: Digitalization is about data and how they are used. This has always been a key topic in applied thermodynamics. In the present work, the influence of the current wave of digitalization on thermodynamics is analyzed. Thermodynamic modeling and simulation is changing as large amounts of data of different nature and quality become easily available. The power and complexity of thermodynamic models and simulation techniques is rapidly increasing, and new routes become viable to link them to the data. Machine learning opens new perspectives, when it is suitably combined with classical thermodynamic theory. Illustrated by examples, different aspects of digitalization in thermodynamics are discussed: strengths and weaknesses, as well as opportunities
TL;DR: The benefits and challenges in polymerization and morphology monitoring are presented, and an overview of the used mechanistic models and the details of the dynamic optimization and NMPC approach to achieve the relevant process objectives are provided.
Abstract: An event-driven approach based on dynamic optimization and nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) is investigated together with inline Raman spectroscopy for process monitoring and control. The benefits and challenges in polymerization and morphology monitoring are presented, and an overview of the used mechanistic models and the details of the dynamic optimization and NMPC approach to achieve the relevant process objectives are provided. Finally, the implementation of the approach is discussed, and results from experiments in lab and pilot-plant reactors are presented.