Showing papers in "Clinics in Geriatric Medicine in 2010"

TL;DR: Modifying factors that play roles in the development of joint OA may reduce the risk of OA and prevent subsequent pain and disability, particularly in the weight-bearing joints.

TL;DR: Based on systematic reviews, recent research, and clinical and ethical considerations, the most appropriate approach to fall prevention in the hospital environment includes multifactorial interventions with multiprofessional input.

TL;DR: Understanding the basic mechanisms by which aging affects joint tissues should provide new targets for slowing or preventing the development of OA.

TL;DR: The evaluation of gaitspeed over a short distance emerges from the literature as a tool with the capacity to identify frail older adults, and slow gait speed has been proven to be a strong predictor for frailty-adverse outcomes.

TL;DR: Banning of the use of multifocal glasses may reduce falls in active older people and other effective fall prevention strategies include maximizing vision through cataract surgery and occupational therapy interventions in visually impaired older people.

TL;DR: The Disablement Model conceptual framework is used to guide an analysis of the importance of osteoarthritis in the development of disability and provides strong support for the role of physical impairments along with other predisposing and intra-individual factors such as age, body mass index, obesity, lack of exercise, comorbid conditions, depression, and depressive symptoms.

TL;DR: The evidence that specific classes of drugs, such as benzodiazepines and antidepressants, increase the risk of falling and that falls can be prevented through interventions that target medications is critically appraised.

TL;DR: The role of home assessment and environmental modification in reducing the risk of falls and helping older adults and persons with disabilities live in the community is discussed, including exploring fall-risk factors and the effects of home modifications.

TL;DR: There is increasing evidence to suggest that physical activity has a protective effect on brain functioning in older people, and future prevention of Alzheimer disease may depend on lifestyle habits such as physical activity.

TL;DR: This article showed that interventions that combine multiple components such as progressive exercise, medication review, and improvements in the person-environment fit and delivered by multidisciplinary teams can effectively reduce the number of falls and fallers.

TL;DR: More randomized controlled trials, using challenging regimes of training and stimulation and long-term follow-up are needed, measuring cognitive trajectories in normal aging and relative risk of Alzheimer disease as outcomes.

TL;DR: Evidence suggesting that positive social interactions can nurture resilience and creative engagement among older persons, including those living with dementia, is cited and gaps in current research on resilience and creativity might be addressed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have shown that deficiency of nicotinamide, vitamin B 12, folate, and thiamine can cause severe confusion and cognitive impairment in individuals.

TL;DR: A significant benefit was found in lower-extremity extensor strength, function, and pain reduction in PRT by older people with osteoarthritis, suggesting that strength training has strong functional benefits for older adults with OA.

TL;DR: Although there is a lack of large-scale, long-term studies assessing the benefits and risks of TRT in men with hypogonadism, reports indicate that TRT may produce a wide range of benefits that include improvement in libido and sexual function, bone density, muscle mass, body composition, mood, erythropoiesis, cognition, quality of life, and cardiovascular disease.

TL;DR: Future efforts to guide management of OA of the hip or knee are better directed towards implementing practices known to be effective in a context-dependent manner to optimize health care quality.

TL;DR: The physiologic and mechanical consequences of obesity and exercise on older adults with knee OA, the effects of long-term weight loss and exercise interventions, and the utility and feasibility of translating these results to clinical practice are reviewed.

TL;DR: Stand-alone exercise programs that emphasize multiple exercise categories are effective in reducing fall rates and fall risk in community-residing older adults, and may also be effective when conducted for a sufficient duration with older adult patients in subacute settings.

TL;DR: In this paper, the potential risk roles of vascular factors and disorders (e.g., midlife obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, high blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and cerebrovascular lesions) and the potential protective roles of psychosocial factors (eg, higher education, regular exercise, healthy diet, intellectually challenging leisure activities, and active socially integrated lifestyle) in the pathogenic process and clinical manifestation of dementing disorders are discussed.

TL;DR: The cellular mechanisms underlying neuronal loss and neurodegeneration have been an area of interest in the last decade and novel therapies that target each of these mechanisms may be effective in decreasing the risk of disease, abating symptoms, or slowing down their progression.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used meta-analytic findings on the effectiveness of fall prevention interventions to determine cost-effectiveness of a proposed Medicare fall prevention program for people who experience a recent fall.

TL;DR: Cardiovascular risk factors have been associated with 2 common manifestation of unhealthy brain in older people, cognitive impairment and depression and these interventions should be more widely adopted, which would probably result in positive outcomes for the brain.

TL;DR: Treatment is focused on the origin of symptoms, which are frequently bladder hyperactivity, urinary retention, or prostatic hypertrophy, and common medication classes used to treat LUTS and ED include alpha-1 adrenergic blockers, anticholinergics, 5alpha-reductase inhibitors, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors.

TL;DR: Research topics include surveillance and data systems, fall risk factors, development, evaluation and implementation of fall interventions, translation of interventions into programs, and promotion, dissemination, and widespread adoption of fall prevention programs.

TL;DR: Fall prevention programs that have broad coverage, good uptake and adherence, and can be seen to maintain independent living benefit individuals and help control health service costs are introduced in New Zealand.

TL;DR: The most common cardiac disorders linked to falls and syncope are carotid sinus syndrome, postprandial hypotension, orthostatics, vasovagal syncope, and bradyarrhythmias.

TL;DR: Highlights of how policy makers, researchers, and practitioners are applying a public health approach to the issue of seniors' falls in Canada are described, including the successes, challenges, and recommendations for the future.

TL;DR: The prevalence and use of TJR is increasing at a significant rate, therefore increased awareness of perioperative issues following TJR among health care providers is of paramount importance.

TL;DR: It is becoming increasingly important for physicians to be able to correctly recognize and treat these disorders in patients presenting with memory or cognitive complaints.

TL;DR: A perspective of Australian fall prevention policy over time is presented, insights into the current focus are provided, and some specific examples of activities from the 2 most populous states (New South Wales and Victoria) and from the authors' largest geographic state, Western Australia are drawn.