Showing papers in "Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology in 1990"

TL;DR: A computer-aided physiological monitoring system (CAPMON) is described which permits long-term, continuous recording of cardiac activity in selected crustaceans and molluscs and applications in pollution studies and in clinical settings with Man are discussed.

TL;DR: The higher beta m in horse and dog muscle, compared with man, appears to be predominantly due to higher muscle contents of histidine containing dipeptides in these species.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the gradient in growth of crystalline deposition between sulcus and otolith edge is maintained by a pH gradient resulting from high to low levels of metabolic activity.

TL;DR: The metabolic rate in W at optimum speed is approximately equal to the body mass in kg for fish and turtles and three times the mass figure for the other submerged swimmers, suggesting man and mink are poorly adapted to swimming.

TL;DR: Changes in blood metabolites, liver glycogen and several key enzymes involved in liver carbohydrates and nitrogen metabolism in stressed trout seemed to correlate with the increased activity of liver fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenases, thus supporting the hypothesis that gluconeogenic flux from amino acids increases in stressed trouts.

TL;DR: When oxygen saturation was estimated sequentially from 6 to 17 weeks of age, mean oxygenation improved with age, partly due to the death of the chickens with the worst saturations, but also because of an improvement in oxygenation of the survivors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of 20 kinds of vitamins or their analogues on the growth rate of preadipocytes and the terminal differentiation of pre-ipocytes to adipocytes were systematically compared in 3T3-L1 cells.

TL;DR: The results indicate that lower mortality during periods of high environmentalTemperature in the neonatally stressed chicks may involve homeostatic mechanisms different from those utilized during acclimation to high environmental temperature.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate a putative role of cortisol in stimulating hypo-osmoregulatory mechanisms and suggest that thyroxine is without a direct or a supportive effect for cortisol action.

TL;DR: Adult male alligators were found to have significantly higher plasma corticosterone levels than adult female alligators in captive and wild populations, and higher levels of plasma Corticosterone in captive female alligator correlated with lower nesting success.

TL;DR: In maned wolf cubs it was found that retinol, retinyl esters and alpha-tocopherol increased with the age of the animals, reaching values comparable to adult animals at the ageof 5 months.

TL;DR: Blood ammonia levels decreased with time in both normoxia and hypoxia showing a lowered metabolic rate (activity level) over the experimental period, and excretion rate showed a negative, linear relationship to external oxygen tension.

TL;DR: The data are discussed in relation to the role of progesterone in the regulation of sex-specific processes, particularly gametogenesis, in Mytilus edulis males and females during the annual reproductive cycle.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used regression analysis of daily water vapor loss, O2 uptake at the preinternal pipping (PIP) stage of development, and pore numbers to show that O2, CO2 and water vapor fluxes per pore are 68, 50 and 49 μl/day, respectively, independent of egg mass.

TL;DR: The possibility that early genetic selection increased growth potential by uncoupling diet-induced changes on crypt hyperplasia from secondary effects on villus structure, and that later selection increasedgrowth potential by increasing appetite, is discussed.

TL;DR: Apparent SDA, or the total rise in metabolic rate following a meal, was resolved in animals eating a nutritionally complete chemical diet into three components: 8% mechanical costs of moving food through the gut, 40% “excitement costs” due to investigator disturbance and presence of food, and 52% SDA.

TL;DR: Temperature dependence of beating pearch atrium showed an acclimation effect on rate of Precht type 3, and Morphometric analysis showed that the fractional volume of cardiac cells occupied by sarcoplasmic reticulum was greater in cold as compared to warm acclimated fish.

TL;DR: Physiological and behavioral characteristics combined with climatic conditions in North America will limit the northern distribution of nesting Africanized honey bees to a 120 consecutive day isoline of temperatures not exceeding 10°C during Winter and in some southern regions of the USA, the Africanized race will have competitive advantage over the European honey bees now extant.

TL;DR: The effects of salinity, sex and species (S. melanotheron and a red hybrid) on a selection of blood parameters were determined and females had higher values than males for TP, A, G, CHOL, TRIGLY, Ca and P.

TL;DR: Results suggest a strong tolerance of hypoxia in both species and use of aquatic surface respiration (ASR) by P. latipinna may be due to synergistic environmental effects typical of mangrove swamp habitats.

TL;DR: Irrespective of feeding regime, females exhibited higher running rates than males and it was observed that food restriction was associated with decreased food consumption and body weight but increased wheel revolutions.

TL;DR: Culicoides variipennis midges were fed on a blood meal containing bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 11 ( BTV-11) and on four subsequent non-infective blood meals at 4-day intervals and all 993 progeny flies were negative for BTV.

TL;DR: The data suggest that the emergence of muscle cell damage, severe hyperglycemia and acidosis under heat stress, precedes and amplifies the deteriorating effects of high Tb in heat stressed rabbits, which often lead to mortality.

TL;DR: The spontaneous release of walking in the locust is preceded by a preparatory phase consisting of "intentional" movements, which is absent when walking is evoked by sensory stimuli.

TL;DR: The animal's vigorous attempts at escape at PO2s below 35 mmHg suggest that E. cirrhatus does not willingly withstand severe hypoxic conditions, confirming the low metabolic rate of eptatreti hagfish.

TL;DR: These bats have different basal rates of metabolism, thermal conductances, and body temperatures during nonnothermic rest, and thermal conditions at the roost and the availability of food and water may explain the observed BMR differences.

TL;DR: It is suggested that changes in environmental temperature at ejaculation are one of the important exogenous physiological factors of the initiation of fowl sperm motility and that these spermatozoa are immotile due to temperature-dependent immobilization in the male reproductive tract.

TL;DR: Hemolymph sugar determinations on six species of insects agree well with values reported in the literature, but mean values for a species often showed higher variability because samples were taken from individuals.

TL;DR: Feed consumption and feed conversion were, however, highest in the carbohydrate group reflecting equal intakes of protein energy, while in one of the feeds 40% of the lipid energy was substituted by carbohydrate.