Showing papers in "Contact Dermatitis in 1991"
TL;DR: When schoolchildren from Oporto were patch toted with the standard series of the Portuguese Contact Dermatitis Group (GPEDC) 13.3% of the children had bad positive reactions, the most common being to neomycin, Thimerosal, para‐tertiary‐butylphenol‐formaldehyde (PTBPF)resin and fragrance‐mix.
Abstract: 562 schoolchildren from Oporto were patch tested with the standard series of the Portuguese Contact Dermatitis Group (GPEDC). 13.3% of the children had positive reactions, the most common being to neomycin, thimerosal, para-tertiary-butylphenol-formaldehyde (PTBPF) resin and fragrance-mix. Thus contact allergy in children seems not to be as unusual as previously thought.
106 citations
TL;DR: Patch tests revealed thiuram‐mix as the most commonly positive rubber‐mix but, in contrast to the group with glove‐induced rubber allergy, black‐rubber‐mix came second, and the source of rubber sensitization W8S non‐occupational remained unknown.
Abstract: 3851 consecutive patients patch tested between January 1985 and March 1990 have been analysed for rubber allergies. The incidence of rubber allergy was 3.8% (n = 145). In 80/145 patients (55%), the source of rubber sensitization was occupational, 67 of whom (84%) had acquired allergy from wearing rubber gloves at work. Most of them (36%) were employed in the health services. The most commonly positive rubber-mix in this group was thiuram-mix (72%) followed by carba-mix (25%). 13/80 patients (16%) had occupational rubber allergy from industrial rubber products other than gloves. Patch tests revealed thiuram-mix (62%) as the most commonly positive rubber-mix but, in contrast to the group with glove-induced rubber allergy, black-rubber-mix came second (38%). In 47/145 patients (32%), the source of rubber sensitization was non-occupational; in 18/145 (13%) the origin remained unknown.
94 citations
TL;DR: From a total of 993 previously reported cases of occupational skin disease (OSD), 954 were contacted and 711 examined, and over 60% of cases were reviewed more than 2 years after the original diagnosis was made.
Abstract: From a total of 993 previously reported cases of occupational skin disease (OSD), 954 (96%) were contacted and 711 (75%) examined, The review time (i.e., period from original diagnosis of OSD until review] varied from u minimum of 6 months to a maximum of over 8 years. Over 60% of cases were reviewed more than 2 years after the original diagnosis was made. More than 50% were still suffering from OSD or consequences related thereto. Clearance was less likely in those who remained in their original, or similar, occupational environment. However, of those who changed their job due to OSD. Many suffered aggravation of the dermatitis from factors in the new work environment. Over 10% of cases had evolved into a persistent post occupational dermatitis without obvious cause. This condition is responsible for considerable impairment and is of medicolegal importance due lo confusion as to its relationship to the original occupational factors.
88 citations
TL;DR: It is stressed the importance of routinely patch testing with textile dyes, which can help to elucidate the cause of certain kinds of atypical dermatitis.
Abstract: We have described 100 subjects sensitized to textile dyes. Of these, 16 had clinically been suspected of having a textile dermatitis from among 1145 patients referred for patch testing. 41 patients were identified from among 861 consecutive subjects tested with the GIRDCA (Italian Research Group on Contact and Environmental Dermatitis) standard series supplemented with 4 disperse dyes (Disperse Blue 124, Disperse Red I, Disperse Yellow 3. Disperse Orange 3), The remaining 43 patients were identified from among 746 subjects tested with the GCRDCA standard series, supplemented with the 4 disperse dyes mentioned above and a further series of 12 other textile dyes, The clinical picture was extremely variable: most patients had a typical eczematous dermatitis, but we also observed persistent erythematous-wheal-type reaction. a transient urticarial dermatitis and an erythema-multiforme-like eruption Among these textile dyes, Disperse Blue 124 caused most reactions. With the addition of the 4 disperse dyes to the GIRDCA standard series, we identified 4.8% sensitized 10 textile dyes. a much higher figure than the 1.4% observed among patients being patch tested on the basis of their history and the clinical findings; the addition of a further 12 textile dyes to the series further increased the detection rate to 5.8%. We stress the importance of routinely patch testing with textile dyes, which can help to elucidate the cause of certain kinds of atypical dermatitis
81 citations
TL;DR: This review documents reported allergens and suggests an ‘ophthalmic tray’, based on the literature search, to simplify parch test verification, and established 38 chemicals causing allergic reactions.
Abstract: Although a common cause of allergic reactions, topically applied ophthalmic drugs and contact lens solutions are seldom verified as such. This review documents reported allergens and suggests an 'ophthalmic tray', based on the literature search, to simplify patch test verification. The criteria for literature selection were that each patient had a history of allergic reaction to local application of ophthalmic drugs or contact lens solutions, and tested positive to putative allergen patch tests. We established 38 chemicals causing allergic reactions. 5 authors published suggestions for patch test trays.
76 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that sensitization had occurred through vaccines, but those amounts of thimerosal delivered i.m. are not sufficient to elicit clinical symptoms, and patch‐test Positivity toThimerosal thus represents no contra‐indication to i.M immunization with Thimerosal‐containing vaccines.
Abstract: Thimerosal sensitivity is extremely common in Austria, being surpassed as a contact allergen only by nickel. This high incidence is still rising and is probably due to the frequent vaccinations which are performed in Austria. Most of the patch-test-positive patients had recently been immunized with thimerosal-containing vaccines, and no other obvious sources of exposure to thimerosal could be found. On retrospective questioning, 48 out of 50 patients had had no problems with their recent immunization; the 2 who reported massive local reactions had received their injections, against the recommendation of the manufacturer, subcutaneously. In a prospective study, 12 thimerosal-sensitized persons received their follow-up immunization at our department, and no side effects occurred. This enables us to conclude that sensitization had occurred through vaccines, but that those amounts of thimerosal delivered i.m. are not sufficient to elicit clinical symptoms. Patch-test positivity to thimerosal thus represents no contra-indication to i.m. immunization with thimerosal-containing vaccines.
73 citations
TL;DR: The study suggests that the most effective choice for routine testing for corticosteroid contact sensitivity would be both tixocortol pivalate and hydrocortisone‐17‐butyrate.
Abstract: 3 corticosteroids have so far been tried as markers for corticosteroid contact sensitivity: hydrocortisone, tixocortol pivalate and hydrocortisone-17-butyrate. The present study compared these steroids for screening in addition to a standard patch test series. Of 727 patients, 28 (3.9%) reacted to tixocortol pivalate and 10 (1.4%) to hydrocortisone-17-butyrate; hydrocortisone gave an allergic reaction in 2 of 521 (0.4%) patients. Serial dilutions suggested that tixocortol pivalate, not marketed in Finland, caused allergic reactions which could possibly be cross-reactions to hydrocortisone. In contrast to previously published data, frequent cross-reactions occurred with hydrocortisone-17-butyrate and tixocortol pivalate. All allergic reactions to other corticosteroids found by testing with tixocortol pivalate concurred with reactions to hydrocortisone-17-butyrate. The study suggests that the most effective choice for routine testing for corticosteroid contact sensitivity would be both tixocortol pivalate and hydrocortisone-17-butyrate.
73 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of the influence of basal transepidermal water loss, skin thickness, blood flow and skin colour on susceptibility to sodium‐lauryl‐sulphate (SLS)‐induced irritant contact dermatitis found a fair skin was found to be associated with increased susceptibility to SLS.
Abstract: The influence of basal transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin thickness, blood flow and skin colour on susceptibility to sodium-lauryl-sulphate(SLS)-induced irritant contact dermatitis was studied in 70 healthy volunteers. SLS 0.5% was applied as a patch test. For assessment of basal values and skin response to SLS, bioengineering methods were used: TEWL was measured by an evaporimeter, skin thickness by ultrasound A-scan, blood flow by laser Doppler flowmetry, and skin colour by a colorimeter, using the L*a*b* system of the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE). By use of multiple regression analysis, it was demonstrated that basal TEWL was substantially related to skin susceptibility to SLS, high basal TEWL predicting an increased susceptibility to SLS. Also increased light reflection from the skin, indicating a 'fair' skin, was found to be associated with increased susceptibility to SLS.
72 citations
TL;DR: The frequency of negative D2, positive D4 readings was sizeable for all but one substance, primin, with a range of 14% for fragrance‐mix to 64% for neomycin.
Abstract: Computer data on 4721 consecutive patients patch tested with an extended standard series were analysed for the frequency of allergic reactions to each substance. Particular Attention was given to the negative first reading at day 2 (D2) which later became positive at day 4 (D4). A total of 4210 allergic reactions were recorded. 993 of which were negative on D2(24%). The most frequent positive reactions were to nickel sulphate (18%), fragrance-mix (8%), colophony (6%), neomycin (6%), cobalt chloride (6%), thiuram-mix (4%) and potassium dichromate (3%). The frequency of negative D2, positive D4 readings was sizeable for all but one substance, primin, with a range of 14% for fragrance-mix to 64% for neomycin. All of 21 positive reactions to primin, with a range of 14% for fragrance-mix to 64% for neomycin. All of 21 positive reactions to primin were recorded on D2. In our opinion, it is unjustified to perform D2-only patch test readings.
68 citations
TL;DR: OSD in Western Australia does not appear to differ in any major way from that reported from other countries.
Abstract: 993 cases of occupational skin disease (OSD) were diagnosed in a private dermatology practice over an 8-year period. Dermatologists were the major source of referral. The sex ratio was 2.4 males to 1 female. Patch tests were conducted in 79% of cases. Wet work industries predominated in females; in males the causative industries were more varied. Apprentices were affected in a high proportion of hairdressers and food handlers. Atopics accounted for 75% of the apprentice hairdressers. Atopics also were more prevalent in females with OSD than males. 29% of all cases had suffered from OSD for over 2 years before diagnosis. 75% of patients with OSD were less than 40 years of age at onset of OSD. Irritant contact dermatitis predominated over allergic contact dermatitis in all age groups except those over 60 years of age. Nickel was the predominant occupational allergen in females, whereas chromate was the predominant occupational allergen in males. 46% had been in the causative occupation for over 2 years before developing irritant contact dermatitis. Some new occupational allergens have emerged in recent years. OSD in Western Australia does not appear to differ in any major way from that reported from other countries.
60 citations
TL;DR: Patients with Euxyl K 400 sensitivity showed a high prevalence of positive patch tests to other common ingredients of cosmetics, and should be included in the patch test series for patients with suspected cosmetic allergy.
Abstract: Euxyl K 400 is a preservative for cosmetics and toiletries containing 2 active ingredients, 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutan and 2-phenoxyethanol. 2057 consecutive patients with contact dermatitis were patch tested with Euxyl K 400 2.5% pet. and ethanol. A positive patch test occurred in 24 patients (1.2%). The source of sensitization was traced in 8 patients to their cosmetics. Both leave-on and rinse-off products were responsible. Further patch tests with Euxyl K 400 0.5% pet. and phenoxyethanol 5% pet. were performed in 11 patients. A positive patch test to phenoxyethanol was detected in 1 of them. Only 3 patients showed a mild reaction to Euxyl K 400 0.5%. A provocative use test with a lotion preserved with Euxyl K 400 0.1% was positive in 5 of these 11 patients. Patients with Euxyl K 400 sensitivity showed a high prevalence of positive patch tests to other common ingredients of cosmetics. Since the use of Euxyl K 400 in cosmetic products is rapidly increasing, it should be included in the patch test series for patients with suspected cosmetic allergy.
TL;DR: 12 volumes of Contact Dermatitis (July 1985 April 1991) were screened, and the cases cited were classified as to history, lesion locations, causative agents, and other factors.
Abstract: This review is an update of a previously published one on airborne-induced contact dermatoses. Because reports in the literature often omit the term 'airborne', 12 volumes of Contact Dermatitis (July 1985-April 1991) were screened, and the cases cited were classified as to history, lesion locations, causative agents, and other factors. The number of reports of airborne dermatoses has increased considerably in recent years.
TL;DR: From patch testing in humans and animal experiments, it is suggested that 0.01% thimerosal in vaccines can sensitize children, and that hypersensitivity toThimerosal is due to the throsaticylic part of the molecule and correlates with photosensitivity to piroxicam.
Abstract: We patch tested 141 patients with 0.05% aq. thimerosal and 222 patients with 0.05% aq. mercuric chloride, including 63 children. The frequency of positive patch test reactions to thimerosal was 16.3%. There was a marked preponderance in the young age groups after vaccination, while none of 36 infants (aged 3-48 months) reacted to thimerosal. Positive reactions to mercuric chloride were found in 23 (10.4%) of 222 patients. We also sensitized guinea pigs with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine containing 0.01% thimerosal and succeeded in inducing hypersensitivity to thimerosal. From patch testing in humans and animal experiments, it is suggested that 0.01% thimerosal in vaccines can sensitize children, and that hypersensitivity to thimerosal is due to the thiosalicylic part of the molecule and correlates with photosensitivity to piroxicam.
TL;DR: Results showed that 5‐ehtorn‐2‐melhyl‐4‐isothiazolin‐3‐one was able to induce proliferative activity significantly lower dose levels than the other 2 biocides and that it may therefore be a more potent skin sensitizer.
Abstract: The relative skin-sensitizing potency of 3 biocides, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (the major active ingredient in Kathon CG), 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4,5-trimethylene-4-isothiazolin-3-one, was assessed using the murine local lymph node assay. Potency was ranked according to the lowest dose of material which, following epicutaneous exposure, induced a significant proliferation of T lymphocytes in the draining lymph nodes. The results showed that 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one was able to induce proliferative activity at significantly lower dose levels than the other 2 biocides and that it may therefore be a more potent skin sensitizer.
Gentofte Hospital1, University of Oulu2, Université catholique de Louvain3, St. John's University4, University of Copenhagen5, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust6, Karolinska Institutet7, University of Southern Denmark8, University of Lisbon9, University of Bari10, Aarhus University11, University of Bologna12
TL;DR: The frequency of positive reactions to 5‐chloro‐2‐methyl‐4‐isothiazolin‐3‐one (MCI/MI) were studied at 22 European cntact dermatitis clinics over a period of 1 year and it was concluded that the preservative MCI/ MI is an important new contact allergen.
Abstract: The frequency of positive reactions to 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MCI/MI) were studied at 22 European contact dermatitis clinics over a period of 1 year. A total of 4713 patients participated. All the patients were patch tested with nickel sulphate, formaldehyde, paraben-mix, and MCI/MI. 19.4% of the patients had positive patch tests to nickel, making this the most common allergen. 3% of the patients reacted to 100 ppm MCI/MI, while 2.6% reacted to formaldehyde and 1.1% to parabens. There was great variation in the frequency of MCI/MI sensitivity among the 22 centres. MCI/MI contact allergy was most common among women and in patients with facial dermatitis, while it was rarely seen in patients with dermatitis on the lower legs. There were no fluctuations in the number of positive patch tests to MCI/MI on a monthly basis when the results from all centres were combined. 117 of the 141 MCI/MI sensitized patients included in the study were retested. 88% had positive patch tests when retested. 101 of the MCI/MI-sensitive patients participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled product use test. This test showed that 31% of the MCI/MI-sensitive patients had a positive reaction to a MCI/MI-preserved product. Only a few patients reacted to a control product. It is concluded that the preservative MCI/MI is an important new contact allergen.
TL;DR: A close correlation has been shown between visual scoring, amplitude decrease and surface increase of the hypoecbogenic area, and this technique seems to provide a reproducible System for the evaluation of patch tests.
Abstract: Assessment of patch lest results has been performed visually and using u lira sound in the U mode. A positive test site has a typical ultrasonographic appearance, presenting a uniform hypoechogenic area in the dermis. In this zone, the mean amplitude of ultrasound reflection peaks decreases, and the extension of this area increases, together with the intensity of the eczematous reaction. A close correlation has been shown between visual scoring, amplitude decrease and surface increase of the hypoecbogenic area. This technique seems to provide a reproducible System for the evaluation of patch tests.
TL;DR: A reinvestigation of short ether extracts of yarrow revealed the presence of 5 unsturated hitherto unknown guaianolides of peroxide character, identified as a strung sensitizer in guinea pig sensitization experiments, which contribute marginally to the sensitizing capacity.
Abstract: Yarrow, Achillea millefolium L., is one of the commonest weeds of the Compositae family. Cases of allergic contact dermatitis have been described since 1899. Although 10 sesquiterpene lactones (SL) and 3 polyines have previously been identified, the sensitizers of yarrow have escaped detection. A reinvestigation of short ether extracts of yarrow revealed the presence of 5 unsaturated hitherto unknown guaianolides of peroxide character. The main SL, identified as a strong sensitizer in guinea pig sensitization experiments, was named alpha-peroxyachifolid. The minor SL also contribute marginally to the sensitizing capacity, while other known yarrow constituents like dehydromatricaria ester and pontica epoxide appear to play no role. A 5-year follow-up (1985-1990) of Compositae-sensitive patients showed that more than 50% reacted when tested with a short ether extract of yarrow. Exacerbation of the patch test sites by irradiation with UV light was never observed.
TL;DR: This study shows, as does the work of Beck & Holden (6), that cross-reaction between 'caine' anaesthetics cannot be relied on and it would be better to include a non-irritant ' caine'mix in the standard series, as proposed in (6).
Abstract: In some patients, cross-sensitization to other compounds with a £-aminobenzene group or concomitant sensitization to 2 or more materials in the same topical preparation was present (data not presented). In 4 out of 10 patients, the reaction after 3 days to butyl amino benzoate (2%) was stronger than that to ethyl aminobenzoate (5%). These results suggest that butyl aminobenzoate has a stronger sensitizing capacity than benzocaine. It is striking that in 4 other patients, as in the first case described (4), reactions to butyl aminobenzoate were positive, while there was no reaction to benzocaine. This study shows, as does the work of Beck & Holden (6) and Wilkinson et al. (7), that cross-reaction between 'caine' anaesthetics cannot be relied on. Patch testing with benzocaine alone is not enough; it would be better to include a non-irritant 'caine'mix in the standard series, as proposed in (6). Even then, a rare topical anaesthetic might be missed. Sensitization to 'forgotten' sensitizers such as butyl aminobenzoate should not be overlooked when a SHORT COMMUNICATIONS
TL;DR: A patient with rhinitis developed systemic contact dermatitis when starting oral treatment with Rhinalair®, Containing pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, and a few months later, another oral treatment Rinutan®, containing norephedrine Hydrochlorides, provoked a more severe generalized eczema.
Abstract: A patient with rhinitis developed systemic contact dermatitis when starting oral treatment with Rhinalair, containing pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. A few months later, another oral treatment Rinutan, containing norephedrine hydrochloride, provoked a more severe generalized eczema. Patch test reactions were strongly positive to ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, slightly positive to phenylephrine and negative to epinephrine. Norephedrine was not tested.
TL;DR: Nicotine in a transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) has been introduced recently to help people to stop smoking and should be added to the expanding list of transdermally delivered drugs which may elicit contact dermatitis.
Abstract: Nicotine in a transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) has been introduced recently to help people to stop smoking. 14 volunteers (10 male, 4 female) with a history of former adverse skin reactions to this device were investigated. Skin tests for contact urticaria and patch tests for contact allergy were done with the individual components of the TTS. Contact sensitization to nicotine was identified in 5 and to the TTS itself in 1 individual. Irritant reactions due to occlusion were present in 9 subjects. The optimal test agent and concentration for elucidating the adverse skin reaction was an aqueous solution of 10% nicotine base. Atopy, as diagnosed by history and skin prick tests to common inhalant allergens, and contact sensitization to standard patch test allergens, were each identified in 6 subjects. Nicotine should be added to the expanding list of transdermally delivered drugs which may elicit contact dermatitis.
TL;DR: When a 45-year-old man with perianal dermatitis and vesicular hand dermatitis was patch tested with the European standard series, revealing allergy to Kathon CG, he used Hackle® moist toilet paper, which he suspected contained KathonCG, and confirmed analytically.
Abstract: Case no. 1 A 45-year-old man, with perianal dermatitis and vesicular hand dermatitis, was patch tested with the European standard series, revealing allergy to Kathon CG. He used Hackle® moist toilet paper, which we suspected contained Kathon CG (1), and confirmed analytically. When he stopped using this toilet paper, the perianal dermatitis disappeared, and the hand dermatitis improved dramatically.
TL;DR: The case of a 45‐year‐old woman, who developed intense erythema and itching 1 day after subcutaneous injection of a local anesthetic containing mepivacaine and methylparben, showed sensitization to lidocaine, a compound to which she had previously also been exposed.
Abstract: The case of a 45-year-old woman is reported, who developed intense erythema and itching 1 day after subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of a local anesthetic containing mepivacaine and methylparaben. The reaction was attributed to a delayed-type sensitivity to mepivacaine, since mepivacaine gave a positive patch test response and also elicited a delayed sensitivity reaction after s.c. challenges, whereas prick and patch tests with methylparaben, as well as oral challenges, were negative. Interestingly, the patient also showed sensitization to lidocaine, a compound to which she had previously also been exposed.
TL;DR: 6 cases of contact allergy id the antitumor antibiotic mitomycin C from intravesical instillation arc described, and the distribution is suggestive, of systemic contact dermatitis from mitocycin C absorbed from the vesical mucosa.
Abstract: 6 cases of contact allergy to the antitumor antibiotic mitomycin C from intravesical instillation are described Reports suggest that up to 9% of patients treated with mitomycin C for chemoresection/prevention of superficial bladder cancer will develop cutaneous side-effects Patients may present either with vesicular dermatitis of the hands and feet and/or dermatitis of the genitals, or with more widespread eruptions Probably most, if not all, skin reactions are caused by contact allergy The distribution is suggestive of systemic contact dermatitis from mitomycin C absorbed from the vesical mucosa
TL;DR: Patch testing with a series of azole antimycotics was positive only to miconazoles, isoconazole, tioconazoles and oxiconazole; for this hitherto unreported pattern of cross‐sensitivity, the designation of “orthochloro cross-sensitivity” is proposed.
Abstract: A case of allergic contact dermatitis from miconazole is reported. Patch testing with a series of azole antimycotics was positive only to miconazole, isoconazole, tioconazole and oxiconazole. Those reacting are all beta-substituted 1-phenethyl imidazoles with an ortho-chlorine substitution on the aromatic ring. For this hitherto unreported pattern of cross-sensitivity, the designation of "ortho-chloro cross-sensitivity" is proposed.
TL;DR: The possible effect of an individual's knowledge of their diagnoses on their disease outcome was examined and it is raised the possibility that further efforts directed at the patient's education with respect to their condition might improve the outcome of their occupational skin disease.
Abstract: The possible effect of an individual's knowledge of their diagnoses on their disease outcome was examined in a group of 230 workers with occupational contact dermatitis; The workers were surveyed with an interviewer-administered questionnaire for an average of 5 years following a diagnosis of occupational contact dermatitis. 48% had allergic contact dermatitis and 52% had irritant contact dermatitis. There was a poor correlation between the workers' recalled diagnosis and the actual diagnosis, but better concordance with their recollection of patch test results. Only 33% correctly identified their diagnosis. Those who could not were approximately 2 × as likely to still have active dermatitis, to have more severe dermatitis and to note that their skin problem interfered with their work and home activities. Those who had no idea of their diagnosis were 3 × as likely to have these problems. These results raise the possibility that further efforts directed at the patient's education with respect to their condition might improve the outcome of their occupational skin disease.
TL;DR: It was concluded that the higher the nickel level in the fingernails, the greater is the possibility that the person is occupy Initially exposed to nickel.
Abstract: The nickel concentration in fingernails from 2 groups of people occupationally exposed to nickel was determined. In one group, comprising 83 persons moderately exposed to nickel, the mean +/- standard deviation (SD) was 29.2 micrograms/g +/- 56.7 micrograms/g and the median 13.8 micrograms/g (range 0.926-396 micrograms/g). In the other group, comprising 51 persons heavily exposed to nickel, the mean +/- SD was 123 micrograms/g +/- 289 micrograms/g and the median 29.9 micrograms/g (range 1.95-1770 micrograms/g). Both levels were significantly different from the normal nickel concentration in nails (p less than 0.001). The difference between the 2 levels was also significant (p less than 0.001). No correlation between the nickel concentration in fingernails and the duration of exposure could be demonstrated. It was concluded that the higher the nickel level in the fingernails, the greater is the possibility that the person is occupationally exposed to nickel. Nail analysis is suggested as a measure of occupational exposure to nickel.
TL;DR: By patch testing and chemical analysis of alkylphenol resin and the products, the 5 patients were given a specific diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis from PTBP‐FR.
Abstract: 4 girls with severe allergic contact dermatitis from a brand of athletic tape and a cobbler with allergic contact dermatitis from leather adhesive are presented. Alkylphenol resin with unknown chemical structure had been compounded in both product. One of the girls developed fool dermatitis later from the adhesive used on the inside of new sneakers. By patch testing and chemical analysis of alkylphenol resin and the products, the 5 patients were given a specific diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis from PTBP-FR.
TL;DR: There was little evidence of quenching of delayed contact hypersensitivity reactions to cinnamic aldehyde or citral in ‘pre‐quenched’ material supplied by a perfume flavour company, and in a similar mixture prepared in this laboratory, in the guinea pig model.
Abstract: Studies in guinea pig and man have shown that eugenol can quench non-specifically contact urticarial responses, whereas limonene seems largely ineffective. In a comprehensive series of studies, there was little evidence of quenching of delayed contact hypersensitivity reactions to cinnamic aldehyde or citral, including in 'pre-quenched' material supplied by a perfume/flavour company, and in a similar mixture prepared in this laboratory, in the guinea pig model. In addition, there was no evidence of the quenching by eugenol of allergic reactions to cinnamic aldehyde in a panel of human subjects with a proven history of cinnamic-aldehyde-induced allergic contact dermatitis. Overall, the results lend little credibility to earlier literature reports of quenching phenomena in delayed contact hypersensitivity responses.
TL;DR: Among patients consecutively patch tested at St Johns from 1984–1989, the prevalence rate of formaldehyde sensitivity was 2.2% for men and 3.7% for women.
Abstract: Among patients consecutively patch tested at St John's from 1984-1989, the prevalence rate of formaldehyde sensitivity was 2.2% for men and 3.7% for women. During these 6 years, 117 women were primarily sensitized by formaldehyde, of whom 61 (52%) had hand eczema. Exposure was occupational in 12% and domestic in 88%. Cleaning products were the main source of exposure in the domestic group. 20 women with hand eczema avoided formaldehyde and their hands healed in 2, greatly improved in 11 and were better in 7.
TL;DR: Contact dermatitis to a new biocide (Tektamer 38®) used in a paste glue formulation and its impact on allergy to preservatives.
Abstract: D P, Van Joost T, Weyland J W. Contact allergy to preservatives (I). Contact Dermatitis 1986: 14: 120-122. 3. De Groot A C, Bos J D, Jagtman B A, Bruynzeel D P, Van Joost T, Weyland J W. Contact allergy to preservatives (II). Contact Dermatitis 1986: 15: 218-222. 4. De Groot A C, Weyland J W. Kathon CG: a review. JAm Acad Dermato/1988: 18: 350-358. 5. Mathias C G T. Contact dermatitis to a new biocide (Tektamer 38®) used in a paste glue formulation. Contact Dermatitis 1983: 9: 418.