Showing papers in "Counselor Education and Supervision in 1980"
TL;DR: Leddick and Bernard as discussed by the authors reviewed the counseling literature and described the historical evolution of the practice of supervision from a polarized state to its current trend toward collaboration, and analyzed several therapy models and described direct and indirect supervision activities.
Abstract: Leddick and Bernard review the counseling literature and describe the historical evolution of the practice of supervision from a polarized state to its current trend toward collaboration. The authors analyze several therapy models, and describe direct and indirect supervision activities. This article concludes by calling attention to assumptions in the counseling and supervision literature that have yet to receive the benefit of evaluation and research.
107 citations
TL;DR: One hundred fifty American Indian and fifty non-Indian 11th-and 12th-grade students were surveyed to assess self-reported problem areas and persons perceived as potential sources of help as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: One hundred-Fifty American Indian and fifty non-Indian 11th- and 12th-grade students were surveyed to assess self-reported problem areas and persons perceived as potential sources of help. Problems indicated by Indian students in metropolitan, rural, and boarding schools are noted, as well as those of non-Indian students. Problems likely to be discussed with counselors or with significant others are identified and different patterns of persons nominated as providing help are described. Although we caution against over-generalization, the findings are intended to increase the understanding of those concerned with training counselors to work with Indian youth.
21 citations
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16 citations
TL;DR: In this article, four variables (helper conceptual level, helper sex, client sex, and type of client affect), their interactions, and effects on empathic ability were examined.
Abstract: Four variables (helper conceptual level, helper sex, client sex, and type of client affect), their interactions, and effects on empathic ability were examined. All undergraduate “helpers” had been trained in empathic response and were asked to respond empathically to videotaped role-playing “clients.” Client videotapes were equally divided among male and female clients, and among ambivalent and nonambivalent affect states. A significant interaction was found between helper conceptual level and type of client affect. Female helpers were found to be more empathic than male helpers, and responses to the nonambivalent affect statements were more empathic than responses to the more complex ambivalent affect statements.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between trainee personality characteristics and supervisor ratings of trainee performance and found that a significant inverse relationship existed between self-acceptance and client's ratings of counseling satisfaction.
Abstract: This study addresses the importance of client satisfaction as an index of counseling effectiveness and also examines the relationship between trainee personality characteristics and supervisor ratings of trainee performance. Results indicated that a significant inverse relationship existed between trainee levels of self-acceptance and client's ratings of counseling satisfaction. Supervisor's ratings of the trainee's performance and progress in supervision were also inversely related to trainee levels of self-acceptance. Agreement was found between supervisor's ratings of trainee performance and client satisfaction with counseling. Implications of these results are discussed in terms of counselor training programs and future research designs.
14 citations
TL;DR: A survey of Florida school counselors' need for inservice training in handicapped student education indicates that counselors spend a significant portion of their work time with guidance activities for handicapped students, they have received inadequate preparation, in both preservice and in-service training as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A survey of Florida school counselors' need for inservice training in handicapped student education indicates that, although counselors spend a significant portion of their work time with guidance activities for handicapped students, they have received inadequate preparation, in both preservice and in-service training.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of viewing a single model (one female model) as compared to viewing multiple models (two male and two female) were tested with 27 beginning master's degree students enrolled in a prepracticum course.
Abstract: The effects of viewing a single model (one female model) as compared to viewing multiple models (two male and two female) were tested with 27 beginning master's degree students enrolled in a prepracticum course. Four measures of the dependent variable, open-ended exploratory leads (OEEL's) were taken to allow for examination of both quantitative and qualitative differences due to the modeling conditions. Viewing multiple models, although not statistically superior to viewing a single model, did result in the highest means and smallest within treatment variation on all dependent measures. Only the quantity of produced OEEL's was significantly greater for those participants who viewed models as compared to those who did not. As a result of both the descriptive and inferential data, implications for the use of multiple and single models for counselor training are presented and discussed.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article, personal and professional gains experienced when a counseling practitioner from a university counseling center and a counselor educator at the university traded aspects of their jobs for one semester are discussed.
Abstract: The personal and professional gains experienced when a counseling practitioner from a university counseling center and a counselor educator at the university traded aspects of their jobs for one semester are discussed. The benefits agencies and departments receive from job swapping are also reviewed. Potential problem areas (e.g., the need for careful negotiation and definition of job descriptions in the trade-off) are described. We conclude that professional renewal by role swapping for short periods of time gives counselor educators and counseling practitioners personal insight into the ways each spends their time, as well as strengthening the ties between them.
8 citations
TL;DR: This article found that counselors who viewed themselves as more self-actualized were not perceived by clients or by themselves as being more encouraging, however, specific elements of self-awareness of self, others, and the nature of man were related to facilitative conditions.
Abstract: After completing the Personal Orientation Inventory, 32 counselors-in-training each conducted a half-hour counseling session with one of 32 volunteer clients. Following the session, clients and counselors filled out the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory, indicating how encouraging the counselor had been. Correlational analyses found that in general, counselor trainees who viewed themselves as more self-actualized were not perceived by clients or by themselves as being more encouraging. Specific elements of self-actualization however (awareness of self, others, and the nature of man) were related to facilitative conditions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the moral development of professional and paraprofessional counselors and trainees; measuring the effects training programs had on their cognitive moral development, and found that the professional group had a higher level of moral development.
Abstract: This article discusses a study that compared the moral development of professional and paraprofessional counselors and trainees; measuring the effects training programs had on their cognitive moral development. The results revealed that the professional group has a higher level of moral development, and counselor training has no effect on moral development.
TL;DR: The authors presented a model to rewrite existing competency statements in a standardized format; eliminating the problems of nonspecific, confounded, and missing competencies, and examples of the application of the model are given.
Abstract: A domain of 2,186 competency statements was collected from a survey of counseling professionals, liteature, and counselor education programs. An examination of these statements revealed they were written at various levels of specificity and often the areas of knowledge, skills, and personal characteristics were confounded within a single statement. A concept analysis showed that competency statements have not been written for all of the duties performed by counselors. This article presents a model to rewrite existing competency statements in a standardized format; eliminating the problems of nonspecific, confounded, and missing competencies. Examples of the application of the model are given.
TL;DR: In this paper, the efficacy of covert other modeling, covert self-modeling, and written material on the acquisition of a counseling strategy that involved developing goals was investigated, and a repeated measures ANOVA revealed that performance on the written measures for the three treatment groups increased significantly from pre-to post-testing and from pre to retention testing.
Abstract: This study investigated the efficacy of covert other modeling, covert self-modeling, and written material on the acquisition of a counseling strategy that involved developing goals. Thirty-six student counselors were assigned randomly to the following four treatment conditions: covert other model, covert self-model, written material, and delayed-treatment control. Written pretest, posttest, retention test measures, and role-play pre- and posttest measures were obtained. A repeated measures ANOVA revealed that performance on the written measures for the three treatment groups increased significantly from pre- to post- testing and from pre- to retention testing. On the role-play measure, the performance of the three treatment groups also increased significantly from pre- to posttesting. The performance of the control group on pre- and posttesting for the written and role-play measures did not increase significantly.
TL;DR: This article investigated counseling orientation preferences of counselor trainees in the United States and Australia using the Counseling Orientation Scale and compared the preferences in theoretical orientations and discussed the two major findings primarily in terms of the cultural characteristics of the two nations.
Abstract: This study investigated counseling-orientation preferences of samples of counselor trainees in the United States and Australia using the Counseling-Orientation Scale. The authors compare the preferences in theoretical orientations and discuss the two major findings primarily in terms of the cultural characteristics of the two nations.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe one counselor education department's response to the need for comprehensive doctoral training in marriage and family therapy, and propose to expand the departments of counselor education to provide this training and thus meet a need and an expressed interest of counseling students.
Abstract: Although the caseloads of mental health professionals usually reflect a high percentage of marital and family problems, few professional counselors have had any formal marriage and family therapy training. Departments of counselor education could expand to provide this training, and thus meet a need and an expressed interest of counseling students. This article describes one counselor education department's response to the need for comprehensive doctoral training in marriage and family therapy.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors outline a role for counselor education in preservice teacher education by describing two programs in which a counselor education faculty has contributed to the improvement of teacher education.
Abstract: Teacher education can use the knowledge and skills counselor education takes for granted. This article outlines a role for counselor education in preservice teacher education by describing two programs in which a counselor education faculty has contributed to the improvement of teacher education. Both programs—one facilitating the career development of prospective teachers and the other, teaching human relation skills to prospective teachers—have been integrated into the teacher education curriculum.
TL;DR: In this article, a ten-year follow-up of 22 former participants in a National Defense Education Act (NDEA) inner-city counseling and guidance institute is presented.
Abstract: This article presents a ten-year follow-up of 22 former participants in a National Defense Education Act (NDEA) inner-city counseling and guidance institute. The study reveals that 13 respondents have served as counselors in inner-city secondary schools for an average of 7.6 postinstitute years, and several are currently functioning in positions other than that of a counselor. A majority of respondents however, seem to be involved in work activity related to counseling. Most felt that the objectives of the NDEA institute were achieved, and most revealed a positive view of the Institute's activities and curriculum after 10 years.
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of a survey of counselor education departments in the United States concerning the availability of coursework on sex-fair counseling, the percentage of females and males on counselor education faculties, the amount of training counselor educators had received on sexfair counseling techniques, and the use of a handbook on sex equity that was developed by the ACES Commission on Sex Equality Concerns were presented.
Abstract: This article presents the results of a survey of counselor education departments in the United States concerning the availability of coursework on sex-fair counseling, the percentage of females and males on counselor education faculties, the amount of training counselor educators had received on sex-fair counseling techniques, and the use of a handbook on sex equity that was developed by the ACES Commission on Sex Equality Concerns. The article makes recommendations for proactive efforts in the future.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed strategies for coping with the threats of psychological education programs under increasing pressure from several sources in the next decade Psychology licensing laws, the requirements of third party vendors and a changing job market will cause restructuring or elimination of current programs at many universities.
Abstract: Counselor education programs will be under increasing pressure from several sources in the next decade Psychology licensing laws, the requirements of third party vendors and a changing job market will cause restructuring or elimination of current programs at many universities Flight, fight, accommodation, and professionalization are considered as ways of coping with this threat The authors offer recommendations for survival
TL;DR: In this article, a relationship between the national image of the American Personnel and Guidance Association (APGA) and its membership requirements of graduate counseling programs is suggested, and the integration of APGA membership criteria with accreditation of graduate programs to enhance APGA's status as a national professional organization is proposed.
Abstract: A relationship is suggested between the national image of the American Personnel and Guidance Association (APGA) and its membership requirements of graduate counseling programs. Citing the total absence of APGA membership requirements in training programs of one state, growing professional problems for APGA are predicted if the national perspective includes similar absences. I propose that counselor educators initiate the integration of APGA membership criteria with accreditation of graduate programs to enhance APGA's status as a national professional organization.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present suggestions to help counselors understand the employers' frame of reference, which is an important first step in initiating change in mental health counselors' role. But they do not address the issue of burnout.
Abstract: In recent years counselors have attempted to clarify their role for their employers and/or supervisors. These attempts although well-intentioned, have achieved limited success because supervisors in community mental health centers, principals in schools, deans in community colleges and universities, and employers in governmental agencies continue to heap administrative and secretarial tasks upon counselors. This leads to a reduction in counselor-client contact hours and an increase in counselor burnout. Suggestions are presented here to help counselors understand the employers' frame of reference—an important first step in initiating change.
TL;DR: In this article, 15 graduate students in the helping professions registered in a course that teaches helpers to use physical fitness as a counseling medium, were matched with controls in four relevant areas, and both groups were pretested on 7 physiological and 11 psychological variables.
Abstract: Fifteen graduate students in the helping professions registered in a course that teaches helpers to use physical fitness as a counseling medium. The enrolled graduate students were matched with controls in four relevant areas, and both groups were pretested on 7 physiological and 11 psychological variables. The experimental students were given a 10-week treatment of physical fitness training, counseling in health habits, a life-style of well-being, and instruction in how to deliver these kinds of treatments to clients. For eight weeks the students used the skills in working with real clients. The experimental and control groups were posttested on the same variables; and multivariate and univariate analyses revealed significantly positive changes made by the experimental group. This article reports implications for graduate programs in the helping professions.