Showing papers in "Desalination in 1988"

TL;DR: The success of these high rejection membranes has created interest in other applications requiring less demanding salt rejection, or desiring the elimination of salt from a feed stream (diafiltration), or having severe chemical resistance requirements.

TL;DR: Pseudomonas vesicularis, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Staphylococcus warneri have been identified as fast adhering species out of a tap water microflora and Polyetherurea had a significantly lower biological affinity than polyamide, polySulfone and polyethersulfone.

TL;DR: The separation of a protein mixture by charged ultrafiltration membranes was studied and it was found that rejection of the protein was low, while it was high at the pH level which gave the protein the same sign of charge as that of the membrane.

TL;DR: In this article, the fouling of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes by protein has been reduced by surface pretreatment with various polymers, such as methylcellulose (MC), polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene (PE).

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors deal with the preparation and properties of ultrafiltration polyvinylidene fluoride based membranes obtained by casting and gelation of ternary solutions of PDF, solvent and LiCl as an appropriate inorganic salt additive.

TL;DR: In this article, a thin convection-free cell was constructed for the characterization of cation exchange membranes, with CuSO4 solutions confined between thick copper electrodes, and the limiting current, i.e., the flat portion of the curve, was 15-4 times lower than the theoretical prediction at high voltage.

TL;DR: In this paper, the preparation of bipolar membranes is described in terms of their chemical stability, their selectivity and their electrical resistance, and it is shown that membranes with low electrical resistance and satisfactory stability in alkaline solutions at pH values in excess of 13 can be manufactured.

TL;DR: A closed-loop recycle system using a charged ultrafiltration membrane to decolourise reactive dye effluents from a textile yarn and fabric dyeing process is described in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, a technique for making new types of surface modified ultrafiltration membranes has been developed and evaluated, which comprises the following principle: a suitable ultra-filtration support membrane made by the traditional phase inversion process is surface coated with an aqueous solution containing a hydrophilic polymer and/or monomer having reactive groups and a catalyst.

TL;DR: The first commercial application of bipolar membrane water-splitting technology is on the recovery and recycling of mixed acids used in stainless steel pickling as discussed by the authors, where the spent acids containing metal fluorides and nitrates, form a hazardous waste that presents a significant disposal problem.

TL;DR: These membranes have very high water permeabilities and are resistant to chemical attack, and Tubular modules incorporating these membranes have been used effectively in the treatment of pulp and paper waste waters.

TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical analysis of the performance of a tubular solar still for nocturnal production was made based on the effect of brine flow rate, still length, initial brine temperature and other system and climatic parameters.

TL;DR: In this paper, experimental results on heat efficiency, operating and conditions and product water quality for two kinds of tested molecules are presented, and a multi-stage membrane distillation process and a suitable membrane module with high efficiency needs to be developed to make the heat efficiency of the whole systen as high as possible.

TL;DR: In this article, the pore size of a hypothetical isoporous membrane, interpreting the measured separation characteristics, provides a promising means of describing differences between membranes with respect to pore sizes and pore changes caused by solute adsorption.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone and its molecular weight on the viscosity of the casting solutions and the properties of the polysulfone membranes is discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, a mathematical model is presented to predict the thermal performance of a spherical solar still, based on the heat and mass transfer relationships by Dunkle (1961) which have been modified empirically so as to validate the experimental results of Menguy et al. (1980).

TL;DR: The potential uses of membrane operations in both the cane and beet sugar industry are reviewed and discussed in this paper, where an increase of the membrane life time is required for ultrafiltration to be competitive to the conventional process, while reverse osmosis is an alternative to enlargement of existing evaporators.

TL;DR: It was found that protein—membrane interaction is a consequence of charge effects in the double-layer of the membrane and the charged ion and this interaction was investigated in cross-flow microfiltration of proteins.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used chronopotentiometry to measure transport numbers of ion exchange membranes in contact with solutions having a concentration up to 1 M, similar to that found in applications of electromembrane separation processes.

TL;DR: In this article, a thermal analysis of the mechanical vapour compression system is presented, where the effects of the operating parameters (e.g. evaporator temperature, pressure drop across the evaporator, feed temperature to the evaporator, etc.) on the work done, compressor size, heat transfer areas of the evaporation, and the multiflow heat exchanger are studied.

TL;DR: The supported liquid membrane technique has been shown to provide an economical alternative to competing processes as discussed by the authors, but for the moment it can be seen as a stand-by technology, waiting for a time when the recovery and recycling of metals, including uranium, becomes a more interesting economical prospect.

TL;DR: The tubular ceramic membrane system prepared by as discussed by the authors consists of a substrate which is made by means of extrusion, and a microfiltration layer which is about 30 μm thick and which is applied by a film coating technique.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate that electrodialysis is a reasonable process for removing nitrate from well water and demonstrate that after treatment the desired product water quality, i.e. 10 ppm nitrate and a residual hardness of about 2.5 meq/l, was achieved.

TL;DR: In this article, the performance of a microfiltration (MF) membrane was compared with an anisotropic ultrafiltration membrane during cell harvesting of E. coli, and the results showed that under cross-flow conditions cells were washed away from the smooth surface of the UF membrane but not from the surface of MF membrane.

TL;DR: In this paper, a thin film composite reverse osmosis membrane was tested under severe conditions, such as low/high pH, high temperature and high pressure, and the rejection of salts, lactic acid, ammonia, phenol, sugars and alcohols was measured and compared with that of a cellulose acetate membrane.

TL;DR: In this article, an electrodialysis process using novel methods of stack design and employing dilute sulphuric acid and reject water from concentrate stream as electrode wash feed was developed.

TL;DR: In this article, HCO−3 of concentrations similar to that of the Arabian Gulf water were heated for 5 h between 27.5 and 100°C under reflux and N2 purging.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight recent data on the use of Croosflow Membrane Filtration in processing beverages, gelatin and inorganic slurries, and highlight the application of larger pore microfiltration membranes for removing unwanted solids from solutions of proteins such as gelatin.

TL;DR: In this paper, a membrane process for active coal removal from polluted air streams was developed in cooperation with a German car manufacturer, essentially consisting of a combination of reverse osmosis and pervaporation.

TL;DR: In this article, a techno-economic appraisal for the production of sodium chloride and caustic soda from Saudi desalination brines is presented, which is usually recommended for reducing fresh water production cost and minimizing waste disposal.