Showing papers in "Earth-Science Reviews in 1998"

TL;DR: The formation of iron biominerals is a two-step process: initially metals are electrostatically bound to the anionic surfaces of the cell wall and surrounding organic polymers, where they subsequently serve as nucleation sites for crystal growth as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: Some microorganisms, including various kinds of bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa, serve as geochemical agents in the uppermost lithosphere and in the hydrosphere as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: A compilation of the most important literature concerning the vegetational, climatic, and environmental history of the rain forest areas of Amazonas and Choco, and surrounding dry ecosystems has been included in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, an apparent polar wander (APW) path extending between 1100 Ma and 250 Ma was constructed from the most reliable palaeomagnetic data from the Siberian Platform. But this path is poorly constrained by the available data.

TL;DR: In this paper, a phase equilibrium study at pressures ranging from 1 atm to 10 GPa is conducted to constrain the origin of igneous rocks formed along oceanic ridges and in hotspots.

TL;DR: Several mechanisms of rifting have been proposed for the formation of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden as mentioned in this paper, and the major differences between the various models center on the relative timing of updoming, rifting and magmatism and whether the rifting was active and driven by a mantle plume or passive and leading to reactive effects in the mantle.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the distinguishing properties of sand and silt, discuss the possible processes of silt formation in relation to the evidence of what is produced, describe the major silt populations, and conclude on the most likely formation process(es).

TL;DR: In this article, heavy mineral analysis is applied to heavy mineral separates in the grain size fraction from 0.020 mm to 0.200 mm, using heavy liquids of 2.95 g ml−1.

TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed analysis of massive-type, predominantly structureless sandstones preserved within braided fluvial successions of Carboniferous to Triassic age is presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, the difficulties to distinguish different tectonically produced breccias (fault rocks) and impact breccia (for which no uniformly accepted nomenclature exists) are examined, and various formational processes (friction melting or shock melting), at the macro- and micro-scales, are discussed.

TL;DR: Both pillow lavas and sheet flows are important features of oceanic volcanism at mid-ocean ridges as mentioned in this paper, and the formation of sheet flows tends to be favored by the development of topographic highs between ridge segment boundaries where the crustal lid is thinnest and rifting directly taps the underlying magma chamber.

TL;DR: In this paper, an integrated view of the structural geology, microscopic fabrics, P-T data and geochronology of such diverse metamorphic complexes is presented, which provides a new understanding of the tectonic evolution during Upper Silurian/Devonian collision of the Gondwana-derived Central European lithosphere with Laurussia, and the postaccretionary events that lasted through the Upper Carboniferous tectonometamorphic and magmatic events.

TL;DR: This paper contains the reflections, queries and suggestions of a marine hydrodynamicist trying to develop coupled physical, chemical and biological marine models and negotiating admittance in the Biogeochemistry Club.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors classify the Russian Craton into peri-and epicontinental basins, and show that the latter are formed in association with upwelling systems with the World ocean providing a phosphorus source and the former had a local supply with phosphorus being introduced largely by river input.