Showing papers in "Entropy in 1999"
TL;DR: For readers interested in the Prigogine school of thermodynamics, this book is the first choice because it is a textbook.
Abstract: For readers interested in the Prigogine school of thermodynamics, this book is the first choice because it is a textbook.[...]
570 citations
TL;DR: A Bayesian measure of evidence for precise hypotheses is presented to give a Bayesian alternative to significance tests or, equivalently, to p-values.
Abstract: A Bayesian measure of evidence for precise hypotheses is presented. The inte n- tion is to give a Bayesian alternative to significance tests or, equivalently, to p-values. In fact, a set is defined in the parameter space and the posterior probability, its credibility, is evaluated. This set is the "Highest Posterior Density Region" that is "tangent" to the set that defines the null hypothesis. Our measure of evidence is the complement of the credibility of the "tangent" region.
172 citations
TL;DR: Entropy has been launched as a scientific journal to provide an advanced forum for the community of entropy and information researchers.
Abstract: Entropy has been launched as a scientific journal to provide an advanced forum for the community of entropy and information researchers. [...]
43 citations
TL;DR: This is the most fascinating book on symmetry I have ever read and everyone who applies the symmetry concept should read it.
Abstract: This is the most fascinating book on symmetry I have ever read. Everyone who applies the symmetry concept should read it.[...]
39 citations
TL;DR: Life in the universe originated and is evolving in accordance with the general laws of nature, specifically, the law of temporal hierarchies and the second law of thermodynamics.
Abstract: Life in the universe originated and is evolving in accordance with the general laws of nature, specifically, the law of temporal hierarchies and the second law of thermodynamics.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Generalized Kaiman Filter (GKF) equations are derived to allow the update of field knowledge from previous knowledge at any scale, and new data, to new knowledge at another scale.
Abstract: The topic of this paper is a novel continuous-basis field representation and inference framework applied to the inference of continuous surfaces from measurements (for example camera image data). Traditional approaches to surface representation and inference are briefly reviewed. The new field representation and inference paradigm is then introduced within a maximally informative (MI) (see [1]) inference framework. The knowledge representation is introduced and discussed in the context of MI inference. Then, using the MI inference approach, the here-named Generalized Kaiman Filter (GKF) equations are derived. The GKF equations allow the update of field knowledge from previous knowledge at any scale, and new data, to new knowledge at any other scale. The GKF equations motivate a location-dependent scale or multigrid approach to the MI inference of continuous-basis fields.
17 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that if the conditional densities of a bivariate random variable have maximum entropies,subject to certain constraints, then the bivariate density also maximizes entropy, subject to appropriate constraints.
Abstract: It is shown that if the conditional densities of a bivariate random variable have maximum entropies, subject to certain constraints, then the bivariate density also maximizes entropy, subject to appropriate constraints. Some examples are discussed.
17 citations
TL;DR: The work presents experimental confirmation of the author’s thermodynamictheory of the biological evolution and aging of living beings and shows that using the law of temporal hierarchies and the second law of thermodynamics, it is easy to describe biologicalevolution and ontogeny in terms of equilibrium hierarchical thermodynamics.
Abstract: Georgi P. GladyshevInternational Academy of Creative Endeavors, 36, Novy Arbat, Moscow, 121205, RussiaE-mail: academy@endeav.org, http://www.endeav.org/evolutReceived: 9 February 1999 / Accepted: 9 April 1999 / Published: 16 October 1999Abstract: The work presents experimental confirmation of the author’s thermodynamictheory of the biological evolution and aging of living beings. It shows that using the law oftemporal hierarchies and the second law of thermodynamics, it is easy to describe biologicalevolution (phylogeny) and ontogeny in terms of equilibrium hierarchical thermodynamics.This theory explains many known facts and makes it possible to formulate new practicalrecommendations in the sphere of medical and biological disciplines, for instance, dietol-ogy, gerontology, and geriatrics. Using the models of temporal hierarchies when studyingliving nature, researchers can go a long way towards understanding it.Keywords: Second law of thermodynamics, Entropy, Law of temporal hierarchies, Su-pramolecular thermodynamics, Biological Evolution, Origin of Life, Aging."In addition to entropy there may well exist other "one-way" functions which add to theoverall description of the world as temporal development." Kenneth G. Denbigh [1]IntroductionUnderstanding the specifics of the biological evolution and aging of living organisms becomesmuch easier if these processes are considered in terms of phenomenological equilibrium thermody-namics of hierarchical systems [2,3].
10 citations
TL;DR: An analytical approach to explaining a nearly constant high job approval rating of president Clinton between January, 1998 and February, 1999 is discussed.
Abstract: This paper discusses an analytical approach to explaining a nearly constant high job approval rating of president Clinton between January, 1998 and February, 1999 Despite all the controversy and massive information exposure to mostly unflattering news about Mr Clinton; the public, in nearly all major opinion polls expressed their wish that Mr Clinton be allowed to complete his second term in the office The analytical approach is based on the information entropy theory of Shannon The model is tested using the data from the polling archives of ABC/Washington Post The results are confirmed by the Kendall's τ statistics
4 citations
TL;DR: Clausius arguments advanced to prove that in a reversible cyclical process the combined value of all the transformations therein occurring must be equal to nothing are here refuted.
Abstract: Clausius arguments advanced to prove that in a reversible cyclical process the combined value of all the transformations therein occurring must be equal to nothing, are here refuted.
3 citations
TL;DR: An equation is derived showing the dependence of this entropy on the difference in potential of mixed gases, which is evidence for the absence of Gibbs' paradox.
Abstract: We consider the work of reversible mixing of ideal gases using a real process. Now assumptions were made concerning infinite shifts, infinite number of cycles and infinite work to provide an accurate calculation of entropy resulting from reversible mixing of ideal gases. We derived an equation showing the dependence of this entropy on the difference in potential of mixed gases, which is evidence for the absence of Gibbs' paradox.
TL;DR: This paper, the first in a series of four, will expose the lack of inner consistency of the analysis through which Clausius re-expressed the second law of thermodynamics, as the law of increasing en-tropy: "The entropy of the universe tends to a maximum".
Abstract: This paper, the first in a series of four, will expose the lack of inner consistency of the analysis through which Clausius re-expressed the second law of thermodynamics: "Heat cannot, of itself, pass from a colder to a hotter body", as the law of increasing entropy: "The entropy of the universe tends to a maximum". In the two following papers the flaw in Clausius analysis producing the said lack of consistency will be located, corrected and some of its consequences, discussed. Among them the one stating that the identification of the two above written statements of the second law is valid only under certain circumstances. In the fourth and final
TL;DR: The values associated to Clausius transformations are obtained through an analysis different to that of Clausius inasmuch it does not introduce any assumption or condition as to what the combined value of the transformations in a reversible cyclical process should be.
Abstract: The values associated to Clausius transformations are obtained through an analysis different to that of Clausius inasmuch it does not introduce any assumption or condition as to what the combined value of the transformations in a reversible cyclical process should be. The values thus obtained allow for the identification of the flaw in Clausius work leading to the inconsistency discussed in part I of this series.
TL;DR: A local temperature formula is proposed for electronic motion in atoms and molecules, which allows the existence of negative absolute temperature in a local sense in thermodynamic equilibrium.
Abstract: Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 556 Morris Ave, Summit, NJ 07901, USA.Tel. +1-908-277-7129, Fax +1-908-277-4910, E-mail: Istvan.Kolossvary@Pharma.Novartis.comReceived: 26 February 1999 / Accepted: 24 March 1999 / Published: 26 March 1999Abstract Lin proposed earlier based on qualitative considerations that electronic motionwas associated with negative absolute temperature. Here, a local temperature formula isproposed for electronic motion in atoms and molecules, which allows the existence ofnegative absolute temperature in a local sense in thermodynamic equilibrium. The proposedtemperature formula is a function of total energy density
TL;DR: Carnot's reversible cycle net value was determined using the previously derived values for the transformations there occurring, in contradiction with current thermodynamics, Clausius analysis based position that the net value for such a cycle is zero.
Abstract: Carnot's reversible cycle net value was determined using the previously derived values for the transformations there occurring. A negative net value is obtained as a result, in contradiction with current thermodynamics, Clausius analysis based position that the net value for such a cycle is zero. The entropy function is introduced and the new criterion's for spontaneity, reversibility and equilibrium are advanced.