Showing papers in "Explorations in Economic History in 2000"

TL;DR: In this article, a new set of current price estimates of per capita income, adjusted for each currency's purchasing power, is presented for a sample of mainly OECD countries during more than one and a half centuries.

TL;DR: Economic factors in early childhood had more systematic influence on girls' than boys' heights and were more important than disease measures for both sexes and conditions in the 1st year of life had greater effects on adult height than those in later years.

TL;DR: In this paper, a threshold error correction model that incorporates the property that error corrections only take place when price differentials between markets exceed transport costs is developed and applied to French wheat prices in the 19th century.

TL;DR: This paper found that immigrants perform well in blue-collar and white-collar occupations, with either faster growth in earnings or an outright earnings advantage over native-born Americans in the same occupational sector.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that there is support for both the moral hazard and the imperfect capital market hypotheses, but not for the risk-sharing hypothesis, in the case of sharecropping in 1427 Tuscany.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors exploit the time-series properties of 26 industries' output data to consider the interrelationships among industries and the sources of growth during early British industrialization.

TL;DR: The authors examined the determinants of Confederate cotton bond prices during the American Civil War and found that an increase in the price of cotton can largely explain the large upward movement in cotton bond price during this period.

TL;DR: The authors used quantile regression analysis of wealth data from the 1860 Federal census manuscripts to show that the New Western Historians are incorrect and that blue-collar Irish and English men fared better in San Francisco than men in eastern and midwestern cities.

TL;DR: In this article, the impact of import tariffs on the domestic pig iron industry, the basic building block of the entire iron and steel industry, was investigated and it was shown that, had the tariff been eliminated in 1869, domestic output would have fallen by about 15% and the import market share would have risen from about 7% to nearly 30%.

TL;DR: In this article, the diffusion of tractors during the late 1920s is interpreted as a failure of the threshold model to incorporate farmers' expectations of future prices, and the pattern of diffusion is better explained by a threshold model modified to include uncertainty.

TL;DR: In this article, an alternative explanation based on incomplete-contract theory is presented, and testable implications are developed regarding differences in end-of-contract payments by contract length, by the presence of money wages, and among indentured, convict, and apprentice contracts.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated whether the services of the Federal Reserve System improved the efficiency of the system in the United States for collecting checks relative to the system used by banks just prior to the formation of the Fed.

TL;DR: The authors analyzed the effect of farm/firm cost heterogeneities within commodity programs and industries on the ability of the parties to agree to and adhere to collusive regulations and found that in the case of agriculture, because agricultural pricing and production policies were designed and implemented by low-cost producers, they were relatively self-enforcing and longlasting.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present quantitative evidence which indicates that a sample of Canadian manufacturing firms have traditionally responded to changes in their input prices in a manner consistent with cost minimization and theories of induced innovation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used time-series and panel data for the period 1895-1939 to demonstrate that Egyptian long-staple cotton commanded significant market power in international markets, and that an optimal export tariff would have encouraged economic diversification and generated huge government revenues, making it possible to finance industrialization plans.

TL;DR: This paper examined Rowntree's 1900 primary poverty line methodology and suggested that he incorporated assumptions about the needs of children and the extent of scale economies that lead him to overestimate the numbers in primary poverty.