Showing papers in "Foundations of Physics Letters in 1997"
TL;DR: In this paper, an isotropical inertial reference frame (stationary) and in it a uniformly rotating circular platform of radiusR were considered and the velocity of light relative to the rim of the platform was calculated and found to have values necessarily different fromc.
Abstract: We consider an isotropical inertial reference frame (“stationary”) and in it a uniformly rotating circular platform of radiusR. The velocity of light \(\tilde c\) relative to the rim of the platform is calculated and found to have values necessarily different fromc. This \(\tilde c\) remains the same ifR is increased but the peripheral velocity is kept constant. Since by so doing any small piece of the circumference can be considered better and better at rest in a (“moving”) inertial system, the velocity of light relative to this system can be deduced. Noninvariant values are obtained and shown to coincide with the predictions of our recently published “inertial transformations”.
79 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a deterministic model with a large number of continuous and discrete degrees of freedom is described, and a statistical treatment is proposed, which has to be interpreted exactly according to the Copenhagen prescriptions.
Abstract: A deterministic model with a large number of continuous and discrete degrees of freedom is described, and a statistical treatment is proposed. The model exactly obeys a Schrodinger equation, which has to be interpreted exactly according to the Copenhagen prescriptions. After applying a Hartree-Fock approximation, the model appears to describe genuine quantum particles that could be used as a starting point for field variables in a quantum field theory. In the deterministic model it is essential that information loss occurs, but the corresponding quantum system is unitary and exactly preserves information.
67 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived extensions of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle within the framework of the theory of special scale-relativity proposed by Nottale and showed that the underlying fundamental principle behind string theory should be based on an extension of the scale relativity principle where both dynamics as well as scales are incorporated in the same footing.
Abstract: Extensions (modifications) of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle are derived within the framework of the theory of special scale-relativity proposed by Nottale. In particular, generalizations of the stringy uncertainty principle are obtained where the size of the strings is bounded by the Planck scale and the size of the universe. Based on the fractal structures inherent with two dimensional quantum gravity, which has attracted considerable interest recently, we conjecture that the underlying fundamental principle behind string theory should be based on an extension of the scale relativity principle whereboth dynamics as well as scales are incorporated in the same footing.
42 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that traditional clock synchronisation on a rotating platform is incompatible with the experimentally established transformation of time, which leads directly to solve this problem through non-invariant one-way speed of light.
Abstract: Traditional clock synchronisation on a rotating platform is shown to be incompatible with the experimentally established transformation of time. The latter transformation leads directly to solve this problem through noninvariant one-way speed of light. The conventionality of some features of relativity theory allows full compatibility with existing experimental evidence.
33 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that the logic of quantum mechanics can be derived from classical physics, and an orthomodular lattice of propositions characteristic of quantum logic, is constructed for manifolds in Einstein's theory of general relativity.
Abstract: For the first time it is shown that the logic of quantum mechanics can be derived from classical physics. An orthomodular lattice of propositions characteristic of quantum logic, is constructed for manifolds in Einstein’s theory of general relativity. A particle is modelled by a topologically non-trivial 4-manifold with closed timelike curves—a 4-geon, rather than as an evolving 3-manifold. It is then possible for both the state preparationand measurement apparatus to constrain the results of experiments. It is shown that propositions about the results of measurements can satisfy a non-distributive logic rather than the Boolean logic of classical systems. Reasonable assumptions about the role of the measurement apparatus leads to an orthomodular lattice of propositions characteristic of quantum logic.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a separability test for density matrices of compound quantum systems proposed by Peres is formulated in a manifestly basis independent way using anti-unitary operators, and it is proved that the test amounts to a criterion for pure states, while it is known to fail to do so in the case of mixed states.
Abstract: A separability test for density matrices of compound quantum systems proposed recently by Peres is formulated in a manifestly basis independent way using antiunitary operators. We prove that the test amounts to a criterion for pure states, while it is known to fail to do so in the case of mixed states. An interesting connection with the operation of time reversal is thus exhibited.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a newansatz for the solution of the homogeneous three-dimensional time-dependent wave equation in spherical coordinates of the form Φ(r,t)=Y(θ, φ)(I(r)+G(g)), whereg ≡ct/r.
Abstract: We exhibit a newansatz for the solution of the homogeneous three-dimensional time-dependent wave equation in spherical coordinates of the form Φ(r,t)=Y(θ, φ)(I(r)+G(g)), whereg ≡ct/r. FunctionG(g) has explicit solution in terms of three independent nonperiodic functionss
l,t
l,u
l (s
l andt
l
are related to the associated Legendre functions of the first and second kinds).G(g) is nonperiodic and may be cast as a superposition of incoming and outgoing waves. To obtainG(g), we solved a nonhomogeneous associated Legendre equation (this solution, to our knowledge, is also new).G(g) may prove useful in many microscopic and macroscopic problems, representable by homogeneous wave equations.
14 citations
TL;DR: Using the linear mass spectrum of an SU (4) meson hexadecuplet, this article derived the Gell-Mann-Okubo mass formula for the charmed mesons, in good agreement with experiment.
Abstract: Using the linear mass spectrum of anSU (4) meson hexadecuplet, we derive the Gell-Mann-Okubo mass formula for the charmed mesons, in good agreement with experiment. The possible generalization of this method to a higher symmetry group is briefly discussed.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a tensorial language was adopted for a hydrodynamical reformulation of the Barut-Zanghi (BZ) theory for the relativistic extended-like electron.
Abstract: One of the most satisfactory pictures for spinning particles is the Barut-Zanghi (BZ) classical theory for the relativistic extended-like electron, that relates spin to zitterbewegung (zbw). The BZ motion equations constituted the starting point for recent works about spin and electron structure, co-authored by us, which adopted the Clifford algebra language. This language results to be actually suited for a hydrodynamical reformulation of the BZ theory. Working out a “probabilistic fluid,” we are allowed to reinterpret the original classical spinors as quantum wave-functions for the electron. We can pass to “quantize” the BZ theory: by employing this time the tensorial language, more popular in first-quantization. “Quantizing” the BZ theory, however, does notlead to the Dirac equation, but rather to a nonlinear, Dirac–like equation, which can be regarded as the actual “quantum limit” of the BZ classical theory. Moreover, a new variational approach to the BZ probabilistic fluid shows that it is a typical “Weyssenhoff fluid,” while the Hamilton-Jacobi equation (linking mass, spin,and zbw frequency together) appears to be nothing but a special case of the de Broglie energy–frequency relation. Finally, after having discussed the remarkable relation existing between the gauge transformation U(1) and ageneral rotation on the spin plane, we clarify and comment on the two-valuedeness nature of the fremionic wave-function, as well as on the parity and charge conjugation transformations.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an axiomatics for the indistinguishability of elementary particles in terms of hidden variables is presented in a manner which depart from the standard approaches usually given to hidden variables.
Abstract: An axiomatics for the indistinguishability of elementary particles in terms of hidden variables is presented in a manner which depart from the standard approaches usually given to hidden variables. Quantum distribution functions are also discussed and some possible related lines of work are suggested.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the Evans-Vigier modified electrodynamics is compatible with relativity theory, and it was further shown that it is also compatible with quantum mechanics.
Abstract: It is shown that the Evans-Vigier modified electrodynamics is compatible with relativity theory.
TL;DR: In this article, a dual lifting of unified gauge theories is introduced, which is characterized by theisotopies and theisodualities, which are axiom-preserving maps into broader structures with positive-definite generalized units used for the representation of matter under the isotopies of the Poincare symmetry.
Abstract: We introduce a dual lifting of unified gauge theories, the first characterized by theisotopies, which are axiom-preserving maps into broader structures with positive-definite generalized units used for the representation of matter under the isotopies of the Poincare symmetry, and the second characterized by theisodualities, which are anti-isomorphic maps with negative-definite generalized units used for the representation of antimatter under the isodualities of the Poincare symmetry. We then submit, apparently for the first time, a novel grand unification with the inclusion of gravity for matter embedded in the generalized positive-definite units of unified gauge theories while gravity for antimatter is embedded in the isodual isounit. We then show that the proposed grand unification provides realistic possibilities for a resolution of the axiomatic incompatibilities between gravitation and electroweak interactions due to curvature, antimatter and the fundamental space-time symmetries.
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that Price is mistaken in accusing Wheeler and Feynman of presenting flawed arguments as to whether the advanced and retarded components are distinct; and about the reasons for excluding the time-reversed version of the absorber theory.
Abstract: The “reinterpretation” of the Wheeler-Feynman absorber theory of radiation, as presented by H. Price in Refs. 1 and 2, is shown not to be a reinterpretation of the mathematical framework of the theory, but an alteration of the theory, which renders it asymmetric. It is shown that Price is mistaken in accusing Wheeler and Feynman of presenting flawed arguments as to whether the advanced and retarded components are distinct; and about the reasons for excluding the time-reversed version of the absorber theory.
TL;DR: The use of quantum inequalities to constrain the existence of negative mass-energy required in wormhole formation is briefly examined in this article, however, it is argued that quantum inequalities do not prohibit the formation of artificial concentrations of negative energy.
Abstract: The scientific reasons for trying to make traversable wormholes are briefly reviewed. Methods for making wormholes employing a Machian transient mass fluctuation are examined. Several problems one might encounter are mentioned. They, however, may just be engineering difficulties. The use of “quantum inequalities” to constrain the existence of negative mass-energy required in wormhole formation is briefly examined. It is argued that quantum inequalities do not prohibit the formation of artificial concentrations of negative mass-energy.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors prove the uncertainty relation TΔVΔm≥2ππħ/c2 for an ensemble of events in (1+D)-dimensional spacetime with motion parameterized by an invariant "proper time" τ, where τ is the average passage interval for the events which pass through a small (typical) (1 + D)-volume ΔV, and Δm is the dispersion of mass around its on-shell value in such an ensemble.
Abstract: We prove the uncertainty relation TΔVΔm≥2πħ/c2, which is realized on a statistical mechanical level for an ensemble of events in (1+D)-dimensional spacetime with motion parameterized by an invariant “proper time” τ, where TΔVis the average passage interval in τ for the events which pass through a small (typical) (1+D)-volume ΔV, and Δm is the dispersion of mass around its on-shell value in such an ensemble. We show that a linear mass spectrum is a completely general property of a (1+D)-dimensional off-shell theory.
TL;DR: In this paper, a generalization of the Maxwell's equations associated with the proper-time of the source is presented, which leads to a new invariance group, related to the Lorentz group.
Abstract: We construct a generalization of Maxwell's equations associated with the proper-time of the source which accounts for radiation reaction without any assumptions concerning the nature of the source. The theory leads to a new invariance group, related to the Lorentz group, which leaves the proper-time of the source fixed for all observers.
TL;DR: In this paper, the derivation of the transformations between inertial frames made by Mansouri and Sexl is generalised to three dimensions for an arbitrary direction of the velocity, and a set of transformations kinematically equivalent to special relativity is obtained.
Abstract: The derivation of the transformations between inertial frames made by Mansouri and Sexl is generalised to three dimensions for an arbitrary direction of the velocity. Assuming length contraction and time dilation to have their relativistic values, a set of transformations kinematically equivalent to special relativity is obtained. The “clock hypothesis” allows the derivation to be extended to accelerated systems. A theory of inertial transformations maintaining absolute simultaneity is shown to be the only one logically consistent with accelerated movements. Algebraic properties of these transformations are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the reduced density matrix of the centre of mass on position basis considering a one-dimensional system of Nnoninteracting distinguishable particles in a infinitely deep square potential well.
Abstract: We examine the reduced density matrix of the centre of mass on position basis considering a one-dimensional system of Nnoninteracting distinguishable particles in a infinitely deep square potential well. We find a class of pure states of the system for which the off-diagonal elements of the matrix above go to zero as Nincreases. This property holds also for the state vectors which are factorized in the single particle wave functions. In this last case, if the average energy of each particle is less than a common bound, the diagonal elements are distributed according to the normal law with a mean square deviation which becomes smaller and smaller as Nincreases towards infinity. Therefore when the state vectors are of the type considered we cannot experience spatial superpositions of the centre of mass and we may conclude that position is a preferred basis for the collective variable.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that gravitational theories employing Weber-like forces cannot be conservative and also yield both the precession of the perihelion of Mercury as well as the gravitational deflection of light.
Abstract: Velocity-dependent forces varying as\(k(\hat r/r)(1 - \mu \dot r^2 + \gamma r\ddot r)\) (such as Weber force), here calledWeber-like forces, are examined from the point of view of energy conservation and it is proved that they are conservative if and only ifγ=2µ. As a consequence, it is shown that gravitational theories employing Weber-like forces cannot be conservative and also yield both the precession of the perihelion of Mercury as well as the gravitational deflection of light.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed interaction-free measurements and induced coherence without induced emission experiments from a macro-realistic point of view, up to the point of time that the whole wavefunction has developed into the macroscopic stage.
Abstract: So-called interaction-free measurements and “induced coherence without induced emission” experiments are analyzed from a macrorealistic point of view, that is up to the point of time that the whole wavefunction has developed into the macroscopic stage. From the measurement of the visibility of interference between light photons in a detector, conclusions can be drawn on the interaction properties of photons with solid matter at a remote spot; this matter does not need to be part of a real detector. This probably novel way of doing experiments might have practical applications. Certain recently presented quantum-mechanical phenomena can easily be understood by applying the macrorealistic approach, and new interpretations of the wavefunction are not nescessary.
TL;DR: In this paper, the quantum heat transport in a Planck gas in the presence of the potential (other than the thermal one) is investigated and a new quantum heat transportation equation which generalizes our potential-free QHT is developed.
Abstract: In this paper the quantum heat transport in a Planck gas in the presence of the potential (other than the thermal one) is investigated. The new quantum heat transport equation which generalizes our potential-free QHT is developed. The thermal wave solution of QHT for a Planck gas is obtained and a condition for distortionless propagation of thermal wave is formulated. It is argued that the initial conditions of the Beginning (i.e., at t=0) are smeared in the time scale of the Planck time.
TL;DR: In this paper, Cushing presents a discussion of the possibility of measuring Bohmian particle tunneling time; however, as becomes clear when considering the differences between properties named "tunneling time", he incorrectly argues that if such a measurement were possible, the measurement might constitute an empirical test between the Copenhagen interpretation and Bohm's interpretation.
Abstract: Because Bohm’s Interpretation models particles with continuous trajectories, a natural property to attribute to a Bohmian particle is atunneling time, the time it takes for a particle to pass through a barrier. We also attribute a property-a different property-named ‘tunneling time’ to Copenhagen systems, systems that do not have particles with continuous trajectories. Cushing presents a discussion of the possibility of measuring Bohmian particle tunneling time; however, as becomes clear when considering the differences between properties named ‘tunneling time,’ he incorrectly argues that if such a measurement were possible, the measurement might constitute an empirical test between the Copenhagen interpretation and Bohm’s interpretation.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was proved that the theory of the longitudinal magnetic field ascribed by Evans to a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave is inconsistent with special relativity, and it was further proved that this theory is not the case.
Abstract: The longitudinal magnetic field ascribed by Evans to a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave is discussed. It is proved that this theory is inconsistent with special relativity.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors applied the quantum heat transport equation (QHT) to the study of thermal properties of Planck gas, i.e., a gas of massive particles with mass equal to the Planck mass.
Abstract: In this paper the quantum heat transport equation (QHT) is applied to the study of thermal properties of Planck gas, i.e., a gas of massive particles with mass equal to the Planck massM P = (lc/G)1/2 and whose relaxation time equals the Planck timeτ p = (lG/c 5)1/2. The quantum of thermal energy for a Planck gas,E Planck = 1019GeV, and the quantum thermal diffusion coefficientD Planck = (ħG/c)1/2 are calculated. Within the framework of QHT the thermal phenomena in a Planck gas can be divided into two classes: for a time period shorter thanτ p , the time reversal symmetry holds and for a time period longer thanτ p , time symmetry is broken, i.e., a time arrow is created.
TL;DR: A second-order interferometric experiment in which de Broglie waves pass through a set of beamsplitters and progressively lose intensity, leading to a decrease in the visibility, is presented in this paper.
Abstract: A second-order interferometric experiment in which de Broglie waves pass through a set of beamsplitters and progressively lose intensity, leading to a decrease in the visibility, is presented. On the contrary, since the intensity reduction is the same in the two overlapping waves, quantum mechanics predicts a constant visibility.
TL;DR: In this paper, an idealized, two-dimensional Maxwell demon is described which incorporates an irreversible process, and the vertex of the device acts as a purely mechanical 'trap door' which is found to generate a violation of the second law of thermodynamics.
Abstract: An idealized, two-dimensional Maxwell demon is described which incorporates an irreversible process. The vertex of the device acts as a purely mechanical ‘trap door’. This idealized mechanism is found to generate a violation of the second law of thermodynamics. These results indicate that the second law of thermodynamics is not valid in general for idealized, irreversible systems.
TL;DR: In this article, an electromagnetic Mach principle is introduced, considering the zero-point radiation field as being produced by all visible matter in the universe, and at the same time being responsible for the quantum fluctuations of matter.
Abstract: An electromagnetic Mach principle is introduced, considering the zero-point radiation field as being produced by all visible matter in the universe, and at the same time being responsible for the quantum fluctuations of matter. An order-of-magnitude estimate allows thus to derive a relation between Planck's constant (as a measure of the strength of the field fluctuations) and cosmological constants, which is well satisfied by the accepted values of the intervening quantities.
TL;DR: In this article, a spacetime scheme representing the union of the real and non-real spacetime as a possible geometrical framework for Caldirola's idea, that the bradyonic motion can be regarded as a light-like motion in an additional extra space.
Abstract: We propose a spacetime scheme representing the union of the real and non-real spacetime as a possible geometrical framework for Caldirola’s idea, that the bradyonic motion can be regarded as a light-like motion in an additional extra space. The playground of all physical processes is the union space. However, the physical processes in union space are differently projected on the real and non-real spacetime. The waves linked with luxons in union space are projected on the real spacetime so that they propagate here always with the velocity of light. The waves linked with bradyons in union space are projected on the non-real spacetime so that they propagate here with the velocity of light. The wave linked with a bradyon in union space, which is projected on the real spacetime, is here described by the Schroedinger and Dirac equations. There is proposed a symmetry which demands that the physical world is in its law the same whether it is seen from real or non-real spacetime. We discuss some consequences of this symmetry in the theory of elementary particles.
TL;DR: In this paper, the compatibility of the notion of empty wave with quantum mechanics is investigated, and it is shown that a picture of a quantum system in terms of an empty wave and a non-empty wave containing a quantum particle is deficient.
Abstract: The compatibility of the notion of empty wave with quantum mechanics is investigated. Invoking general physical requirements valid in quantum mechanics it is shown that a picture of a quantum system in terms of an empty wave and a non-empty wave containing a quantum particle is deficient.
TL;DR: The electrodynamics that predicts all known relevant observations is based upon the force F=(qq ′R/R3) [1 − 2v·v′/c2 + 3(v·R) (v′·R)/c2R2 + (a − a′)·R/c 2] on charge q at r with the absolute velocity v and acceleration a due to charge q′ at r′ with absolute velocity V and acceleration A′, where R=r − r′.
Abstract: The electrodynamics that predicts all known relevant observations is based upon the force F=(qq ′R/R3) [1 − 2v·v′/c2 + 3(v·R) (v′·R)/c2R2 + (a — a′)·R/c2] on charge q at r with the absolute velocity v and acceleration a due to charge q′ at r′ with absolute velocity v′ and acceleration a′, where R=r − r′. This force yields Ampere’s original empirical law for the force between current elements, which predicts the many effects due to Ampere tension between colinear current elements. It yields Faraday induction as well as Muller’s localized unipolar induction. The force on an accelerating charge due to a stationary charge yields Lenz’s law for the induced back emf; and, when applied to gravitation, qq′ being replaced by — Gmm′, it yields the inertial force ma, confirming Mach’s priniciple. For charge velocities approaching the velocity of light c it predicts the results of the Kaufmann-Bucherer experiments and the Bertozzi experiment, assuming neomechanics, or mass change with velocity. It is readily written as a field theory. Introducing time retardation, it yields waves and radiation. It predicts the observed zero self-torque on the Pappas-Vaughan Z-shaped antenna. Energy is conserved. The Weber electrodynamic theory is shown to fail.