Showing papers in "IEEE Engineering Management Review in 2017"
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a set of reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles, but full text can be found on the Internet Archive.
Abstract: This publication contains reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles.
1,392 citations
TL;DR: Authentic Leadership Development (ALD) as mentioned in this paper is an emerging field of research in the field of leadership development, with a focus on transforming, charismatic, servant, and spiritual leadership perspectives.
Abstract: This Special Issue is the result of the inaugural summit hosted by the Gallup Leadership Institute at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in 2004 on Authentic Leadership Development (ALD). We describe in this introduction to the special issue current thinking in this emerging field of research as well as questions and concerns. We begin by considering some of the environmental and organizational forces that may have triggered interest in describing and studying authentic leadership and its development. We then provide an overview of its contents, including the diverse theoretical and methodological perspectives presented, followed by a discussion of alternative conceptual foundations and definitions for the constructs of authenticity, authentic leaders, authentic leadership, and authentic leadership development. A detailed description of the components of authentic leadership theory is provided next. The similarities and defining features of authentic leadership theory in comparison to transformational, charismatic, servant and spiritual leadership perspectives are subsequently examined. We conclude by discussing the status of authentic leadership theory with respect to its purpose, construct definitions, historical foundations, consideration of context, relational/processual focus, attention to levels of analysis and temporality, along with a discussion of promising directions for future research.
384 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a managerial framework that supports firms in handling digital innovation, focusing on five key areas: user experience, value proposition, digital evolution scanning, skills, and improvisation.
Abstract: Digital technology is increasingly important in achieving business goals, and its pervasive effects have resulted in the radical restructuring of entire industries. Consequently, managers’ extensive interest in handling digital innovation is not surprising. Recent research has illustrated how digital technologies give rise to a vast potential for product and service innovation that is difficult to control and predict. Therefore, firms need dynamic tools to support themselves in managing the new types of digital innovation processes that emerge. The nature of these processes forces firms to challenge prior assumptions about their product and service portfolio, their digital environment, and ways of organizing innovation work. In this article, we present a managerial framework that supports firms in this undertaking. The framework, geared at supporting ongoing improvements in digital innovation management, covers five key areas: user experience, value proposition, digital evolution scanning, skills, and improvisation. We also present a diagnostic tool that can be utilized as firms begin the process of implementing the framework. Finally, we conclude with our thoughts on the managerial implications of the framework when going forward in a rapidly changing digital innovation landscape.
126 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a 3D printing primer for non-technical managers is presented, which considers the profound impact that 3-D printing will have on firms of all kinds as well as on individual consumers.
Abstract: Until recently, most manufacturing processes have been 'subtractive' in that matter is removed (e.g., scraped, dissolved, turned, machined) from a substance in order to produce the desired product. 3-D printing turns traditional manufacturing on its head in that it uses an 'additive' process. Similar to laser and inkjet printers, 3-D (three-dimensional) printers produce pieces by depositing, or adding, layers of material-—plastic, polymer filaments, metals, and even foodstuffs-—until the desired product is realized. This means that the creation and production of 'one-offs' is not only easy, it is also economically viable. 3-D printers are becoming ever more affordable, and it is not hard to envision them being as common in most homes in the near future as their two-dimensional counterparts are today. This article presents a 3-D printing primer for non-technical managers. It then considers the profound impact that 3-D printing will have on firms of all kinds as well as on individual consumers. In addition, it raises the substantial questions that 3-D printing will pose to policy makers from both intellectual property and ethical standpoints.
78 citations
TL;DR: The concept of frugal innovation has come a long way from the initial focus on bottom-of-the-pyramid (BOP) customers in emerging markets to being explored as a concept in combating challenges at a global level as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Over the last two decades, frugal innovations have garnered the attention ofmanagement scholars due to their high economic potential and rapidly growing adoption in businesses (George et al., 2012; Nakata & Weidner, 2012; Zeschky et al., 2011). This concept of frugal innovation has come a long way from the initial focus on Bottomof the pyramid (BOP) customers in emerging markets to being explored as a concept in combating challenges at a global level. Environmental and demographic (e.g., ageing population) as well as socio-economic changes (e.g., growing cross-bordermigrations) are being identified as sources of this contextual shift beyond Bottomof Pyramid (BOP) markets. Further, the growing traction towards resourceful and minimalistic consumption in advanced economies also encourage the applicability and potential exploration of 'frugality' in these markets. This widening of perspective definitely shows that the concept of frugal innovation, overcoming association with specific geographical segments based on purchasing power parity (Prahalad & Hart, 2002) is increasingly being explored as a global phenomenon with potential of higher socio-economic impact. This progressive change inmindset is also leading its association to go beyond being "cheap" innovations to being more 'resourceful' (in terms of minimal utilization of resources such as water, electricity, time etc.) and sustainable innovations with higher value propositions (better quality, accessibility etc.).
64 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the types of factors that significantly contribute to communication breakdown by identifying five distinct areas through a series of interviews with project team members in high-tech companies.
Abstract: Virtual matrix-managed teams with geographically dispersed members are becoming increasingly common in the high-tech sector. These teams, referred to as global virtual teams (GVTs), are generally described as culturally diverse, geographically dispersed, electronicallycommunicating workgroups. They rapidly form, change, and dissolve due to dynamic changes in the market. In addition, most GVTs today have team members spread among several projects with competing priorities. Communication breakdown can wreak havoc on a project as team members struggle to effectively communicate and work with one another. As a result, project delivery risks with distributed teams tend to be greater when compared to co-located teams. To address this critical issue, this study investigates the types of factors that significantly contribute to communication breakdown by identifying five distinct areas through a series of interviews with project team members in high-tech companies. These areas are trust, interpersonal relations, cultural differences, leadership and technology. These criteria are analyzed using mathematical Decision Models taking expert opinions from professionals who worked in GVTs. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. PMA and IPMA. All rights reserved.
49 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify uncertainty and complexity as the key environmental contingencies that influence organizational structure and management processes for innovation, and develop a model which may help to guide future innovation research.
Abstract: Several decades of research into innovation management have failed to provide clear and consistent findings or coherent advice to managers. In this paper, I argue that this is because innovation management ‘best practice‘ is contingent on a range of factors, and that we need better characterizations of the technological and market contingencies which affect the opportunity for, and constraints on, innovation. I review research on innovation together with relevant studies from organizational behaviour and strategic management, and develop a model which may help to guide future innovation research on the relationships between environmental contingencies, organization configurations and performance. I identify uncertainty and complexity as the key environmental contingencies that influence organizational structure and management processes for innovation.
37 citations
TL;DR: In this article, 25 examples of advanced frugal innovations in a wide range of sectors from rural electrification to particle physics, a framework for the systematic realization of such innovations for sustainable development has also been described.
Abstract: Sustainable development necessitates the management of progress in science and technology for society's betterment while preserving Earth's resources. In this regard, the appearance in recent years of low-cost sophisticated products consuming resources economically is a force for good. This effort terms each of these products as an advanced frugal innovation to highlight the frugality in resource consumption during the realization of these innovations through advances in various scientific disciplines. Other than 25 examples of advanced frugal innovations in a wide range of sectors from rural electrification to particle physics, a framework for the systematic realization of such innovations for sustainable development has also been described. The innovations showcased bring out the use of advances in science and technology or cutting edge knowledge for creating these low-cost sophisticated products. Moreover, the need for innovators typically with training in advanced knowledge areas to handle the sophistication in technology for the successful fruition of these innovations is also discussed. This effort supports the frugal design and frugal engineering of innovations, whether grassroots or the advanced type, through sound scientific principles for the creation of robust products, especially where the human life is at stake, in various sectors for all-round sustainable development.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a novel approach for managing team motivational states that involves adapting team goal preferences at key points in the innovation process in order to achieve radical innovation success, highlighting teams' ability to dynamically shift shared goal orientations to meet acute "shocks" that disrupt regular team activities and threaten the survival of the innovation project.
Abstract: Existing theoretical models of team innovation emphasize internal team processes and external conditions that facilitate or hinder innovation, but these models tend to be more suited for incremental than for radical innovation. Teams developing radical innovations face greater uncertainty and risk of failure and often encounter unanticipated challenges that require the concerted efforts of the team as a whole to move the project forward rather than face termination. Drawing on state goal orientation theory, we analyze the motivational drivers that position teams to effectively deal with such challenges. We propose a novel approach for managing team motivational states that involves adapting team goal preferences at key points in the innovation process in order to achieve radical innovation success. We advance a model highlighting teams' ability to dynamically shift shared goal orientations to meet acute “shocks” that disrupt regular team activities and threaten the survival of the innovation project. We i...
34 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the ecosystem dynamics in an industry to predict how quickly technological change will occur and assess the threat of disruptive change, and use the authors' insights to respond effectively.
Abstract: Why do some transformative technologies dominate the market quickly, while others take decades to catch on? It’s a function not just of the technologies themselves, say the authors, but also of their broader ecosystems (electric cars, for example, need a network of charging stations). The ecosystems of the legacy technologies matter too—they can sometimes be improved enough to prolong the life of the old technology. Analyzing the ecosystem dynamics in your industry can help you predict how quickly technological change will occur. For example, if the new technology is surrounded by viable complements and there’s little room to improve the old technology’s ecosystem, substitution is rapid (creative destruction). When the opposite conditions hold—the new technology’s ecosystem needs work and the old technology can capitalize on improvements in the established ecosystem—the pace of substitution is very slow (robust resilience). The authors describe two other possible scenarios: robust coexistence of the two technologies, and the illusion of resistance (the old technology seems competitive for some time but quickly succumbs once the new technology’s ecosystem is ready to roll). If you understand which scenario applies to you, you can better assess the threat of disruptive change—and use the authors’ insights to respond effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
33 citations
TL;DR: This paper focuses on identifying potential insider threats based on human behaviors, such as system logins, by analyzing user behavioral patterns and attempting to identify suspicious behaviors based on common characterestics that appear to be unusual and estimate the prediction interval to determine if such behaviors should be considered as a threat.
Abstract: In a Systems Engineering perspective, insider threats are not new but emerging. For modern systems that require a seamless integration between human and machine, human interactions with systems become a large part of operations. This creates a system security challenge while protecting systems from insider threats. As technology evolves, system vulnerabilities and network penetrations from external entities have been the center of attention. However, when considering system security, insider threats are as damaging as external threats. Unforutnately, insider threats have been overlooked for decades and there is no clear guidance or standards to protect systems from insider attacks. In this paper, we focus on identifying potential insider threats based on human behaviors, such as system logins. By analyzing user behavioral patterns, we attempt to identify suspicious behaviors based on common characterestics that appear to be unusual and estimate the prediction interval to determine if such behaviors should be considered as a threat. Having a baseline of normal user behaviors and comparing against unusual behaviors allow us to predict and identify potential insider threats.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a set of reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles, but full text can be found on the Internet Archive.
Abstract: This publication contains reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the question of "Why is it of value? What is it used for specifically? Which software is the best choice?" and present a series of articles about project management tools.
Abstract: Aseries of articles about project management tools could hardly be complete without something about project management software. In this fourth article in the series let's think about software-Why is it of value? What is it used for specifically? Which software is the best choice?
TL;DR: In this paper, the issue of how employees perceive the use of HR analytics along with its potential business benefits for organizations is discussed. But, the authors do not consider the impact on the quality of the data collected.
Abstract: Suggested as a strategic necessity, practice of HR analytics along with its potential business benefits for organisations abounds in popular press. However, the issue of how employees perceive the ...
TL;DR: Sarkis as discussed by the authors is the editor-in-chief of IEEE's Engineering Management Review (EMR) for the last time in 2018, which will be published on the same schedule as in the past years.
Abstract: THIS is my final issue as Editor-in-Chief (EiC) of IEEE's Engineering Management Review. Dr. Joe Sarkis, professor at Worcester Polytechnic Institutes' Foisie School of Business, the new 2018 Editor-in-Chief has been working with his team of Associate Editors to provide thoughtful content for all of us working in the field of managing engineering, technology, and innovation. As you have been informed in the TEMS LEADER, EMR will include all original content beginning in 2018 and published on the same schedule as in the past years.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a set of reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles, but full text can be found on the Internet Archive.
Abstract: This publication contains reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles.
TL;DR: In this article, the role of haptics in multisensory product design is assessed and a holistic approach is required that takes human perception and sensation into consideration. But the authors do not consider the effect of haptic input on human perception.
Abstract: For many companies, differentiating their offerings from competitors' value propositions is becoming increasingly challenging. In order to formulate convincing value propositions, a holistic approach is required that takes human perception and sensation into consideration. This article assesses the role of haptics in multisensory product design. It systematically reviews previous research, illustrates factors affecting haptic perception and sheds light on the processing of haptic input. This article serves to illustrate how haptic input activates processes that affect human perception of products and ultimately alters behavior and thus substantiates its role in multisensory innovation and product design.
TL;DR: The use of data analytics in the field of human resource development is becoming increasingly common as discussed by the authors and this rise in popularity is accompanied by skepticism about the ability of human resources profes...
Abstract: The use of data analytics in the field of human resource development is becoming increasingly common. This rise in popularity is accompanied by skepticism about the ability of human resource profes...
TL;DR: In this paper, the barriers that hinder the retention and advancement of women in managerial positions in science, engineering, and technology career fields have been identified using data obtained from over 2,493 survey respondents and 28 focus groups.
Abstract: Over the last two decades rates of women’s participation in science, engineering, and technology careers has greatly increased. However, to date little research exists on how women, especially those in management positions, are performing within these fields. Using data obtained from over 2,493 survey respondents and 28 focus groups, we seek to understand the barriers that hinder the retention and advancement of women in managerial positions in these career fields. Paying particular attention to for-profit science, engineering and technology firms, we argue that there are significant barriers to female retention and advancement within these fields related to the norms of professionalisation, and that from a human resources perspective firms could do a much better job of leveraging the existing female talent pipeline in these occupations. In addition, we highlight the implications of our findings and provide our
TL;DR: In this article, the authors continue the discourse on lifelong learning as it relates to Project Management and propose a model depicting the inevitable tensions between the "business", "development", and "operations" in an organization that also needs to run projects.
Abstract: In this paper, the authors continue the discourse on lifelong learning as it relates to Project Management1. In previous editions in this series, the first author raised the topic about Rethinking Project Management and the trend and development towards the reflective professional. In addition, a number of presentations have been held in June at the conferences TEMSCON 20172 and ICE/ITMC 20173 that relate to these two subjects. In particular at the latter conference there was a special session dedicated to Rethinking Project Management with ten papers accepted and presented for the session. These topics, together with a view on these papers, and using a perspective offered through a literature review comparing traditional IT project organization with more current DevOps IT project organization, leads to a model depicting the inevitable tensions between the "business," "development," and "operations" in an organization that also needs to run projects. But also on how models can foster lifelong learning and support research through project management as previously introduced.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the relationship between shared leadership and creativity in engineering design teams and found that the density of a shared leadership network is positively related to team creativity, while centralization exerts a negative influence on it.
Abstract: This research explores the relationship between shared leadership and creativity in engineering design teams. To do this, a social network perspective was adopted using four measures to assess key elements of shared leadership networks. These are (a) network density, (b) centraliza- tion, (c) efficiency and (d) strength. Data was collected from a sample of 22 engineering design teams who adopt a shared leadership approach. Our results support previous findings that the density of a shared leadership network is positively related to team creativity. In contrast, we learned that centralization exerts a negative influence on it. Moreover, while we found that there is no evidence to support a positive correlation between efficiency and team creativity, we demonstrate an inverted U-shaped relationship between strength and team creativity in a shared leadership network. These findings are important because they add to the academic debate in the shared leadership area and provide valuable insights for managers. th 2016 / Approved: Approved: June 7 th 2016
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify four key interrelated areas that an innovator needs to concurrently define and organize for a systemic and effective innovation: the innovation concept, the consumer context, the competitive context, and the collaborative context.
Abstract: While innovation is on the agenda of almost all organizations, successful innovation management remains quite elusive for many managers. This paper on innovation management strategy identifies four key interrelated areas that an innovator needs to concurrently define and organize for a systemic and effective innovation: the innovation concept, the consumer context, the competitive context, and the collaborative context. We refer to the framework involving these four areas as the 4Cs of innovation. Careful consideration of each of these four areas addresses specific issues, regarding operations, marketing, finance, and regulations, for the organization to enhance the effectiveness of the innovation strategy. We offer a practical diagnostic tool to implement the 4Cs of innovation framework. Further, we discuss our research on 99 highly innovative clean technology projects funded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy as an example of how to utilize the 4Cs of innovation framework. Our analysis brings out important insights for managers of established firms and startups on how to prioritize innovation activities and highlights the effective use of 4Cs of innovation for guiding successful innovation strategies.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of some of the developments in the profession and on why the need is felt for change in future Project Management, and the initiatives referred to aim for.
Abstract: As part of the Technology Managers Notebook (TMN) series, I'm sharing some personal project management1 experiences with you, our readers. However, rather than writing about experiences while performing a typical project management role, the current article will refer to experiences in engaging into the development of the profession while the author was keeping himself up to date in his field. In a previous article, the author concluded the abstract with the question: "Time to rethink project management?" Initiatives have been started in the recent past, such as the "Dutch National Research Group on Project Management" (DNRG) from a research perspective under the umbrella of the local Dutch chapter of the International Project Management Association (IPMA) with a focus on the human factors. More recently another initiative has been started within Dutch chapter of the Project Management Institute (PMI) in the Netherlands coined the "Big10" initiative to address the future of Project Management from the industry perspective. And also in a recent meeting of the IEEE Technology & Engineering Management Society's-Administrative Committee (TEMS AdCom) a similar subject was raised and coined "What is Next in Management?". The current article provides an overview of some of the developments in the profession and on why the need is felt for change in future Project Management, and the initiatives referred to aim for. The current article is intended as a form of discussion paper, opening the dialogue to the readership and entering into the discourse on the subject of the future of Project Management, while still fitting the concept and purpose of the Technology Managers Notebook section in the IEEE Engineering Management Review. Food for thought, as there are no silver bullets, or as one project manager trainer used to answer on any question the author posed to him during a series of sessions: "it depends."
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a set of reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles, but full text can be found on the Internet Archive.
Abstract: This publication contains reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the development of a university technology transfer supply chain network sustainability tool that private and public HBCUs can use to become more self-reliant financially.
Abstract: Emerging Research Institutions (ERIs) can benefit from patent licensing revenues from the transfer of patented technologies into the commercial marketplace because these added revenues can help research institutions become more sustainable financially. However, many ERIs struggle to succeed in technology transfer. This study describes the development of a university technology transfer supply chain network sustainability tool that private and public ERIs can use to become more self-reliant financially. Historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are ERIs and are used as a case study. HBCUs lag behind their peer non-HBCUs because historically they have been under-served and were originally established largely as teaching and blue-collar trade schools. Some doctoral HBCUs desire to strengthen their research activities. Systems dynamics is the process of combining the theory, method, and philosophy necessary to analyze the behavior of a system in order to provide a common foundation that can be applied whenever it is desired to understand and influence how things change over time. Applying the systems dynamics approach, a budget resource planning tool was developed using a linear programming optimization technique. This study illustrates that classic industrial uses of linear programming optimization techniques can uniquely be used to optimize budget resource planning for sustainable HBCU supply chain networks and other emerging research institutions. This study contributes to the improved execution of technology transfer projects through better budget resource planning.
TL;DR: The most valuable resources are human. Developing our human resources as a society has been within the realm of our educational institutions as mentioned in this paper and developing creative, critical, and analytical thinkers is among the most important for industry and our standard of living.
Abstract: OUR most valuable resources are human. It can be one of the rarest competitive advantages for an organization. Developing our human resources as a society has been within the realm of our educational institutions. Higher education institutions, especially in the engineering discipline serve many purposes, but developing creative, critical, and analytical thinkers is among the most important for industry and our standard of living. Engineering schools are all about analyzing inputs and outputs and improving process efficiency, except the operating processes of the engineering school itself.
TL;DR: In previous editions of the Technology Managers Notebook series, the author raised the topic about rethinking Project Management and various initiatives that take place in professional bodies such as IPMA2 and PMI3 as they relate to the future of Project Management as well in the broader perspective of the IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Society's discussion subject "What is Next in Management?" as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In this paper, as part of the Technology Managers Notebook series, the author would like to raise the interest of the readers onto the need for lifelong learning as it relates to Project Management.1 In previous editions in this series, the author raised the topic about rethinking Project Management and various initiatives that take place in professional bodies such as IPMA2 and PMI3 as they relate to the future of Project Management as well in the broader perspective of the IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Society’s discussion subject "What is Next in Management?" With this paper, the readers are challenged to think of the above issues from his/her own perspective, as a reflective practitioner and from a lifelong learning perspective. The current article intends to continue the series of articles as another discussion paper.
TL;DR: The paper discusses ontology server organization, which facilitates reuse of ontologies in an open environment, and Ontology development for a supply chain, a collaborative process that crosses the individual organizational boundaries of its member and comprises knowledge capture, assembly, storage, and dissemination.
Abstract: One means of effective supply chain management is through sharing knowledge among the supply chain's constituents. Knowledge about a supply chain can be classified as organizational and problem specific. Organizational knowledge helps in understanding the domain requirements for supply chain management. Problem-specific knowledge provides input for problem-solving modules. The concept of ontology is applied to systematically document shared knowledge about issues and problems in the supply chain domain. Ontology development for a supply chain-a collaborative process that crosses the individual organizational boundaries of its member and comprises knowledge capture, assembly, storage, and dissemination-is described. The paper then discusses ontology server organization, which facilitates reuse of ontologies in an open environment.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a set of reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles, but full text can be found on the Internet Archive.
Abstract: This publication contains reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the paradox of capabilities: although portfolio resources contribute to innovation success, and technologically capable firms have the ability to gain more such resources, firms' "competency traps" and the tension between value creation and value protection reduce benefits from portfolio resources for such firms.
Abstract: We examine the paradox of capabilities: although portfolio resources contribute to innovation success, and technologically capable firms have the ability to gain more such resources, firms’ “competency traps” and the tension between value creation and value protection reduce benefits from portfolio resources for such firms. Results show that the quality and diversity of portfolio technological resources contribute to breakthrough innovation. The benefits are greater for firms with low internal strength and low internal diversity, thus suggesting positive synergy between portfolio and internal resources for such firms. Technologically strong firms, however, benefit from the quality of their portfolio resources when they overcome some of their competency traps.