Showing papers in "IEEE Power & Energy Magazine in 2022"
DOI•
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present a branch of forecasting at the interface of electrical engineering, statistics, computer science, and finance that focuses on predicting prices in wholesale electricity markets for a whole spectrum of horizons.
Abstract: Electricity Price Forecasting (EPF) IS A branch of forecasting at the interface of electrical engineering, statistics, computer science, and finance that focuses on predicting prices in wholesale electricity markets for a whole spectrum of horizons. These range from a few minutes (real-time/intraday auctions and continuous trading); through days (day-ahead [DA] auctions); to weeks, months, or even years (exchange and over-the-counter traded futures and forward contracts). DA markets are the workhorse of power trading, particularly in Europe, and a commonly used proxy for “the electricity price.” The vast majority—up to 90%—of the EPF literature has focused on predicting DA prices. These are typically determined around noon during 24 uniform-price auctions, one for each hour of the next day. This has direct implications for the way EPF models are built.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a static model represents the time-invariant input and output relationship of a power system, while a dynamic model describes the behavior of the system over time.
Abstract: This article introduces ways to identify dynamic system models using measurement data. In power system analysis, a static model represents the time-invariant input–output relationship of a system, while a dynamic model describes the behavior of the system over time. For example, how will a system transit from one steady-state operation point to another?
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present a branch of forecasting at the interface of electrical engineering, statistics, computer science, and finance that focuses on predicting prices in wholesale electricity markets for a whole spectrum of horizons.
Abstract: Electricity Price Forecasting (EPF) IS A branch of forecasting at the interface of electrical engineering, statistics, computer science, and finance that focuses on predicting prices in wholesale electricity markets for a whole spectrum of horizons. These range from a few minutes (real-time/intraday auctions and continuous trading); through days (day-ahead [DA] auctions); to weeks, months, or even years (exchange and over-the-counter traded futures and forward contracts). DA markets are the workhorse of power trading, particularly in Europe, and a commonly used proxy for “the electricity price.” The vast majority—up to 90%—of the EPF literature has focused on predicting DA prices. These are typically determined around noon during 24 uniform-price auctions, one for each hour of the next day. This has direct implications for the way EPF models are built.
9 citations
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TL;DR: In recent years, countries around the world have been severely affected by catastrophic wildfires with significant environmental, economic, and human losses as mentioned in this paper , and critical infrastructures, including power systems, have been damaged, compromising the quality of life and the continuous and reliable provision of essential services, including the electricity supply.
Abstract: In recent years, countries around the world have been severely affected by catastrophic wildfires with significant environmental, economic, and human losses. Critical infrastructures, including power systems, have been severely damaged, compromising the quality of life and the continuous and reliable provision of essential services, including the electricity supply.
9 citations
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TL;DR: The enormous increase in computational power, even in devices as small as a smartphone, has enabled significant advances and wide adoption of ML in nearly every part of the lives and the scientific world.
Abstract: We experience the power of machine learning (ML) in our everyday lives—be it picture and speech recognition, customized suggestions by virtual assistants, or just unlocking our phones. Its underlying mathematical principles have been applied since the middle of the last century in what is known as statistical learning. However, the enormous increase in computational power, even in devices as small as a smartphone, has enabled significant advances and wide adoption of ML in nearly every part of our lives and the scientific world.
7 citations
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TL;DR: In this article , a large portion of building energy consumption is due to heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, which accounts for 40% of total primary energy consumption and 30% of all CO2 emissions worldwide.
Abstract: Buildings account for 40% of total primary energy consumption and 30% of all CO2 emissions worldwide. A large portion of building energy consumption is due to heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. In the summer, for example, more than 50% of a building’s electricity consumption is used for cooling. With proper energy management, buildings can provide load shifting, peak shaving, frequency regulation, and many other demand response services.
7 citations
DOI•
TL;DR: In this paper , a static model represents the time-invariant input-output relationship of a power system, while a dynamic model describes the behavior of the system over time.
Abstract: This article introduces ways to identify dynamic system models using measurement data. In power system analysis, a static model represents the time-invariant input–output relationship of a system, while a dynamic model describes the behavior of the system over time. For example, how will a system transit from one steady-state operation point to another?
7 citations
TL;DR: Machine learning (ML) has been widely used in many aspects of our daily lives, e.g., picture and speech recognition, customized suggestions by virtual assistants, or just unlocking our phones as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: We experience the power of machine learning (ML) in our everyday lives—be it picture and speech recognition, customized suggestions by virtual assistants, or just unlocking our phones. Its underlying mathematical principles have been applied since the middle of the last century in what is known as statistical learning . However, the enormous increase in computational power, even in devices as small as a smartphone, has enabled significant advances and wide adoption of ML in nearly every part of our lives and the scientific world.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors discuss four grid technological innovations that are changing the way power substations work and giving grid operators the ability to better manage those substations and the network as a whole, paving the way to meet changing energy demands.
Abstract: The energy transition is at hand, but its success relies on our ability to adapt our aging power infrastructure to support the integration of more renewable energy resources. Innovation and the digital transformation of the grid substation are crucial to evolving our technology rapidly enough to meet the world’s rising demands of green energy. In this article, we discuss four grid technological innovations that are changing the way power substations work and giving grid operators the ability to better manage those substations and the network as a whole–paving the way to meet changing energy demands.
5 citations
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TL;DR: The characteristics of variable inverter-based technologies are fundamentally different from historical power plants and lead to big challenges for system operation at the transmission level because they do not naturally provide the same services to support the system, such as inertia as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: Europe has set an exciting and ambitious journey toward net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. This target largely relies on decarbonizing the power system and developing renewable energy. As hydro capacities are already well developed, this renewable generation can come from other sources, such as biomass, geothermal sources, and for an increasing share, from wind and solar, as illustrated in Figure 1. Wind and solar are not only weather dependent but also interfaced to the network by power electronics. The characteristics of these variable inverter-based technologies are fundamentally different from historical power plants. They lead to big challenges for system operation at the transmission level because they do not naturally provide the same services to support the system, such as inertia.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a satellite image was used to detect thousands of wildfires detected by satellite around the globe during seven days of early September 2021; the image gives an indication of the planetary magnitude of the phenomenon.
Abstract: Overhead powerlines cross extensive areas of forest and grasslands, and these areas are often flammable and can burn. Wildfire is a natural phenomenon important to many ecosystems around the globe, but also capable of considerable damage to people and communities. As a result of human activity in natural spaces, people have altered wildfire regimes over time, and wildfires have become a threat to people, to their property, and infrastructure. For example, Figure 1 shows the thousands of wildfires detected by satellite around the globe during seven days of early September 2021; the image gives an indication of the planetary magnitude of the phenomenon. Powerlines represent both a way in which human activity has changed the natural wildfire regimes (i.e., an ignition source), and vital infrastructure vulnerable to fire.
TL;DR: In the past few years, extreme weather events, earthquakes, floods, and wildfires have resulted in major power disruptions around the world, leading to unplanned electricity interruptions lasting from hours to weeks as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: Extreme weather events, earthquakes, floods, and wildfires in the past few years have resulted in major power disruptions around the world, leading to unplanned electricity interruptions lasting from hours to weeks. This issue of IEEE Power & Energy Magazine focuses on wildfires.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors show the thousands of wildfires detected by satellite around the globe during seven days of early September 2021; the image gives an indication of the planetary magnitude of the phenomenon.
Abstract: Overhead powerlines cross extensive areas of forest and grasslands, and these areas are often flammable and can burn. Wildfire is a natural phenomenon important to many ecosystems around the globe, but also capable of considerable damage to people and communities. As a result of human activity in natural spaces, people have altered wildfire regimes over time, and wildfires have become a threat to people, to their property, and infrastructure. For example, Figure 1 shows the thousands of wildfires detected by satellite around the globe during seven days of early September 2021; the image gives an indication of the planetary magnitude of the phenomenon. Powerlines represent both a way in which human activity has changed the natural wildfire regimes (i.e., an ignition source), and vital infrastructure vulnerable to fire.
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors proposed a clustering method for grouping consumers with similar consumption patterns in a smart grid environment, based on the availability of hundreds of thousands of time-series load profiles.
Abstract: With the progressive advancement of the smart grid paradigm, electricity systems worldwide are deploying advanced metering technologies in residential sectors. Smart meters can monitor and process the electricity use of households at very high sampling rates. The availability of hundreds of thousands of time-series load profiles opens the possibility of applying clustering methods for grouping consumers with similar consumption patterns.
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TL;DR: In this paper , the authors examine the utilization of solar energy in the initial stage, the rise of PV development in the present era, and different kinds of PV cells with their merits and demerits.
Abstract: In the present century, solar energy has emerged as an important source of nonconventional energy to meet the energy demand for overall development of a nation. The use of solar energy for human development is not a new discovery but instead is a century-old tradition. As the demand for clean energy sources increases, the importance of the development of efficient photovoltaic (PV) cells is in demand. Here we examine the utilization of solar energy in the initial stage, the rise of PV development in the present era, and different kinds of PV cells with their merits and demerits.
TL;DR: In this article , a large portion of building energy consumption is due to heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, which can provide load shifting, peak shaving, frequency regulation, and many other demand response services.
Abstract: Buildings account for 40% of total primary energy consumption and 30% of all CO2 emissions worldwide. A large portion of building energy consumption is due to heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. In the summer, for example, more than 50% of a building’s electricity consumption is used for cooling. With proper energy management, buildings can provide load shifting, peak shaving, frequency regulation, and many other demand response services.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors discuss when and how Artificial Intelligence (AI) started and evolved in today's world, such as computer vision for self-driving cars, speech recognition for personal assistants, and algorithm design for strategy game systems.
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has found many applications in today’s world, such as computer vision for self-driving cars, speech recognition for personal assistants, and algorithm design for strategy gaming systems. Although enjoying the convenience that AI has brought to our daily lives, people may be wondering when and how it started and evolved.
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TL;DR: In this paper , the year 2045 in the carbon-neutral southwestern United States is considered and it is shown that while summer heatwaves have increased in frequency and intensity because of climate change, the region’s abundant solar generation produces tremendous amounts of low-cost energy on hot summer days.
Abstract: It is the year 2045 in the carbon-neutral southwestern United States. While summer heatwaves have increased in frequency and intensity because of climate change, the region’s abundant solar generation produces tremendous amounts of low-cost energy on hot summer days. This energy not only serves daytime loads but it also charges an enormous fleet of batteries that, aided by wind and geothermal power, discharge overnight to effectively eliminate summertime electric reliability concerns.
TL;DR: Central Hudson as mentioned in this paper demonstrates how Central Hudson is implementing technology on their system to increase the rate of renewables integration while avoiding challenges with traditional solutions, which is similar to our work in this paper.
Abstract: Few states in the United States have demonstrated leadership as visionary as New York to ensure the transition to renewables and electrification. Through policy initiatives, the state has been ensuring the advancement of the electric grid for years. In 2014, New York’s Reforming the Energy Vision policy initiatives focused on creating a more energy-efficient and resilient grid while embracing new energy technologies in the state. In addition to emphasizing the importance of distributed energy resources DERs and smart grid technology, this effort, and recent decarbonization policies have laid the foundation for future initiatives focused on grid-scale renewables. This article demonstrates how Central Hudson is implementing technology on their system to increase the rate of renewables integration while avoiding challenges with traditional solutions.
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TL;DR: The Historical GHG Emissions database by Climate Watch as discussed by the authors reported that energy production and consumption activities account for 76% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, while other sectors, like transport, other energy use in buildings, and industry, cause 22%, 8%, and 24% of energy-related GHG emissions, respectively.
Abstract: Energy production and consumption activities account for 76% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, according to the Historical GHG Emissions database by Climate Watch. Power and heat plants cause 42% of energy-related GHG emissions, while other sectors, like transport, other energy use in buildings, and industry, cause 22%, 8%, and 24% of energy-related GHG emissions, respectively.
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TL;DR: Artificial Intelligence has found many applications in today’s world, such as computer vision for self-driving cars, speech recognition for personal assistants, and algorithm design for strategy gaming systems.
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has found many applications in today’s world, such as computer vision for self-driving cars, speech recognition for personal assistants, and algorithm design for strategy gaming systems. Although enjoying the convenience that AI has brought to our daily lives, people may be wondering when and how it started and evolved.
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TL;DR: In this paper , the authors define distributed energy resources (DERs) as clean distributed generation, energy storage, energy efficiency, responsive demand, and electric vehicles (EVs), and examine how this opportunity may be realized through a more customer-centric approach that also requires enabling industry and grid transformation.
Abstract: Reaching carbon neutrality will require significant increases in electrification and clean energy resources when compared to historical levels. This creates an opportunity for consumers and their distributed energy resources (DERs) both to play a significant role in achieving and to benefit from a 100% clean energy future. DERs are defined here as clean distributed generation, energy storage, energy efficiency, responsive demand, and electric vehicles (EVs). This article examines how this opportunity may be realized through a more customer-centric approach that also requires enabling industry and grid transformation.
TL;DR: The Historical GHG Emissions database by Climate Watch as mentioned in this paper reported that energy production and consumption activities account for 76% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, while other sectors, like transport, other energy use in buildings, and industry, cause 22%, 8%, and 24% of energy-related GHG emissions, respectively.
Abstract: Energy production and consumption activities account for 76% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, according to the Historical GHG Emissions database by Climate Watch. Power and heat plants cause 42% of energy-related GHG emissions, while other sectors, like transport, other energy use in buildings, and industry, cause 22%, 8%, and 24% of energy-related GHG emissions, respectively.
DOI•
TL;DR: Central Hudson as discussed by the authors demonstrates how Central Hudson is implementing technology on their system to increase the rate of renewables integration while avoiding challenges with traditional solutions, which is similar to our work in this paper.
Abstract: Few states in the United States have demonstrated leadership as visionary as New York to ensure the transition to renewables and electrification. Through policy initiatives, the state has been ensuring the advancement of the electric grid for years. In 2014, New York’s Reforming the Energy Vision policy initiatives focused on creating a more energy-efficient and resilient grid while embracing new energy technologies in the state. In addition to emphasizing the importance of distributed energy resources DERs and smart grid technology, this effort, and recent decarbonization policies have laid the foundation for future initiatives focused on grid-scale renewables. This article demonstrates how Central Hudson is implementing technology on their system to increase the rate of renewables integration while avoiding challenges with traditional solutions.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors describe the fundamental principles of these technologies, including advanced line current differential protection, communications channels for protection applications, high-accuracy traveling-wave (TW) fault locating, and digital secondary systems (DSSs), also known as digital substations.
Abstract: Advancements in line protection provide effective protection in power systems with diverse combinations of renewable and conventional generation. These technological advancements improve grid resiliency when the power system experiences reduced fault current levels and abnormal current waveforms, which are common in networks with inverter-based resources (IBRs) such as photovoltaic, wind, and battery energy sources. The technologies described in this article include advanced line current differential protection, communications channels for protection applications, high-accuracy traveling-wave (TW) fault locating, and digital secondary systems (DSSs), also known as digital substations. This article describes the fundamental principles of these technologies.
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TL;DR: Low and zero-carbon power systems are central to global decarbonization efforts as mentioned in this paper , and advances in technologies and practices have improved the grid flexibility and stability needed to maintain the reliability of high-RE systems.
Abstract: Low- and zero-carbon power systems are central to global decarbonization efforts. Costs for renewable energy (RE) and storage have fallen significantly, and advances in technologies and practices have improved the grid flexibility and stability needed to maintain the reliability of high-RE systems. Zero-carbon power systems, in turn, enable deep decarbonization through the electrification of other sectors, including transportation, buildings, and industry.
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TL;DR: In this article , the transition from today's energy system to one that is 100% clean from a carbon emissions perspective is discussed, where emerging low-carbon gases, such as hydrogen, can support the efficient integration of renewables.
Abstract: Today’s energy system uses a variety of fuels and energy carriers in molecular forms, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, each contributing to CO2 emissions (Figure 1 ). As solar and wind levels grow and the energy system becomes more electrified, fossil molecular fuels will contribute a progressively smaller fraction of overall energy. As shown in Figure 2 , hydroelectric storage and molecules, such as coal and natural gas, provide substantial storage and dispatch functionality today that will become increasingly critical for electricity operation and stability. Emerging low-carbon gases, such as hydrogen, can support the efficient integration of renewables in the transition from today’s energy system to one that is 100% clean from a carbon emissions perspective.
TL;DR: The cause of misoperations was not related to mechanical failures or drifts in the relay components, but mostly related to logic, settings, or design errors as the last editions of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation misoperation studies consistently shows as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: Since the introduction of digital relays, it became evident that test procedures adopted by the industry in the early days of relay testing needed to be adapted. The cause of misoperations was no longer related to mechanical failures or drifts in the relay components, but mostly related to logic, settings, or design errors as the last editions of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation misoperations studies consistently shows.
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TL;DR: The cause of misoperations was not related to mechanical failures or drifts in the relay components, but mostly related to logic, settings, or design errors as the last editions of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation misoperation studies consistently shows as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: Since the introduction of digital relays, it became evident that test procedures adopted by the industry in the early days of relay testing needed to be adapted. The cause of misoperations was no longer related to mechanical failures or drifts in the relay components, but mostly related to logic, settings, or design errors as the last editions of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation misoperations studies consistently shows.
DOI•
TL;DR: The risk of electrical faults and failures in transmission and distribution lines and equipment is elevated by changing weather patterns that produce extreme drought conditions and violent storms as discussed by the authors , leading to unprecedented levels of fire risk from routine electrical faults.
Abstract: Utilities around the world are facing unprecedented levels of fire risk from routine electrical faults and failures in transmission and distribution lines and equipment. The risk is elevated by changing weather patterns that produce extreme drought conditions and violent storms. These utilities are confronting aging power apparatus and difficult-to-detect failure and arcing fault scenarios. Major fires in recent years have increased public awareness of the risk.