Showing papers in "International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications in 1984"
TL;DR: In this paper, a previously defined sensitivity measure for state-space realizations is used, and conditions for minimizing the sensitivity under an 1, dynamic range constraint are established and an explicit method for obtaining this minimum is given.
Abstract: A previously defined sensitivity measure for state-space realizations is used, and the attainable minimum value and its necessary and sufficient conditions are given. An explicit optimization procedure which evaluates the complete class of realizations with minimum sensitivity is proposed. Conditions for minimizing the sensitivity under an 1, dynamic range constraint are established and an explicit method for obtaining this minimum is given. Since the relation between this sensitivity measure and the noise power gain for I, scaled digital filters can be given, and since the main part of the optimization can be carried out without taking into account the dynamic range constraint, a simple procedure for simultaneous minimization of sensitivity and round-off noise is obtained. A numerical example is given to exemplify the computational procedure.
101 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the backward-differentiation formula (BDF) is used to solve non-linear series-parallel problems with sharp turning points in the associated solution curves.
Abstract: Non-linear equations having multiple Solutions are usually associated with sharp turning points in the associated solution curves. Existing solution methods often fail or become extremely slow in the neighbourhood of such turning points. This paper presents an efficient algorithm based on the backward-differentiation formula (BDF) which overcomes this problem.
For the special subclass of non-linear series-parallel circuits, this algorithm is generalized to allow all branches of driving-point and transfer characteristics to be traced efficiently. For any fixed value of the driving-point voltage or current source, this algorithm guarantees that all solutions are found.
99 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present analytical and topological guidelines for synthesizing negative-resistance devices, which can be used to tune the devices by varying the magnitude and dynamic range of the negative (small-signal) resistance.
Abstract: As a sequel to Reference 1, this paper presents new analytical and topological guidelines for synthesizing negative-resistance devices. Among other things, these guidelines can be used to tune the devices by varying the magnitude and dynamic range of the negative (small-signal) resistance.
Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for a circuit containing only one bipolar transistor and linear reciprocal passive two-ports (e.g. ideal transformers) to exhibit a negative resistance. In the special case where the circuit contains only one ideal transformer, one transistor and linear positive 2-terminal resistors, an equivalent topological criterion which can be checked by inspection is given.
Finally, three canonical negative-resistance one-ports containing two identical bipolar transistors, linear positive 2-terminal resistors and batteries are synthesized to exhibit an odd-symmetric (hence active) voltage-controlled or current-controlled v-i curve.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Darlington 2n-port embedding for passive reciprocal n-ports has been generalized to a 2nport setting in Theorem 2, corollary 2.
Abstract: Let N, N1, N2 and N3 be prescribed reciprocal reactance 2n-ports. Then, under certain mild restrictions, this paper supplies answers to the following two related problems:.
P1. Find the necessary and sufficient conditions for the physical extractability of N1 from the front-end of N. P2. Given that N2 and N3 are individually physically extractable from the back and front-ends of N. respectively, find a set of sharp sufficient conditions for their simulations physical extractability from N.
The criteria are formulated in terms of the associated scattering matrices and are reasonably simple to apply. Moreover, they also have a clear-cut network significance involving transmission zeros. to illustrate their use, a recent result for the design of non-degenerate double broadband-matching equalizers6 is generalized to a 2n-port setting in Theorem 2, corollary 2.
Lastly, to round out the development, impedance versions of both Theorem 1 and Theorem 2, corollary 2, are presented in Section 2. This restatement is accomplished with the aid of a new Darlington 2n-port embedding for passive reciprocal n-ports that is phrased entirely in the language of impedance matrices.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the necessary and sufficient conditions for an arbitrary op-amp circuit (containing op amps, linear resistors, strictly increasing nonlinear resistors and independent sources) to have a unique solution for all values of circuit parameters are given.
Abstract: Even simple circuits containing only one op amp and linear resistors can have multiple d.c. operating points. Using a realistic non-linear d.c. op-amp model which includes the saturation characteristics, this paper gives the necessary and sufficient conditions for an arbitrary op-amp circuit (containing op amps, linear resistors, strictly-increasing non-linear resistors and independent sources) to have a unique solution for all values of circuit parameters. These conditions are remarkable because they are couched strictly in topological terms. For many op-amp circuits (e.g. those containing only one op amp), the necessary and sufficient conditions can be checked by inspection.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new approche for the conception of reseaux electroniques de puissance is proposed, based on the notion of periodiques, i.e., fonctions d'excitation and of reponse.
Abstract: Nouvelle approche pour la conception de reseaux electroniques de puissance. Methode de determination de reseaux passifs variant dans le temps connaissant les fonctions d'excitation et de reponse. Ces fonctions du temps sont periodiques. La periode est subdivisee en intervalles. Le reseau est lineaire et invariant dans le temps dans chaque intervalle. Une sequence de reseaux lineaires invariants dans le temps est realisee a l'aide de commutateurs. Les enroulements commutes d'un transformateur a branchements multiples sont definis. Ces elements permettent la realisation de la sequence des reseaux lineaires invariants dans le temps. On formule les conditions des commutateurs de substitution pour les thyristors. Exemples d'une structure de convertisseur a thyristors
17 citations
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a wave-SC filter structure is presented, which is suitable for analog gate array applications and is shown to achieve the wave equations which are known from the theory of wave digital filters.
Abstract: Besides switched-capacitor (SC) filters developed for high volume production, e.g. the PCM-codec lowpass filter, numerous low volume applications exist in the area of solid-state filtering. to open up this application field for SC filters, a novel wave-SC filter structure is presented. the filter design using this concept requires only moderate design and layout skills since only a limited library of highly modular building blocks is required. It is also suitable for analogue gate array applications. As will be shown, the wave equations which are known from the theory of wave digital filters can be realized using stray-insensitive SC integrators and SC amplifiers only. Exemplary designs of a lowpass, a highpass, and a bandpass filter will be carried out with the building blocks presented. the theoretical results are verified by measurements at the breadboarded lowpass filter.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors illustrate the applications of integral manifolds to explain various non-linear phenomena widely observed in nonlinear circuits and present the theory with a minimum amount of mathematics.
Abstract: Although the theory of integral manifolds is well known among applied mathematicians as a powerful tool in non-linear oscillations, it is relatively unknown, let alone applied, among circuit engineers. the purpose of this mostly tutorial paper is to illustrate the applications of integral manifolds to explain various non-linear phenomena widely observed in non-linear circuits. Numerous examples and graphical illustrations are included in order to present the theory with a minimum amount of mathematics.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a simplified approach to obtain the z-domain equivalent circuit of an SC active filter by one-for-one substitution of each basic SC element with its zdomain equivalent admittance, if a specific terminal condition is met.
Abstract: The method presented in this paper provides a simplified approach to obtain the z-domain equivalent circuit of an SC active filter by one-for-one substitution of each basic SC element with its z-domain equivalent admittance, if a specific terminal condition is met. Then, traditional circuit analysis techniques can be used to derive the z-domain transfer function of the filter. This method makes the analysis and the design of the SC active filter simple and similar to the S-domain method. Two application examples are given.
11 citations
TL;DR: Realizations of low sensitivity narrow BP active filters implementing multiple-critical-pole (MCP) approximation methods and coupled filter structures are studied and it is shown that applications of the above mentioned structures can improve the filter sensitivites in a way similar to that of the given FLF configuration.
Abstract: In this paper realizations of low sensitivity narrow BP active filters implementing multiple-critical-pole (MCP) approximation methods and coupled filter structures are studied. In the first part of the paper, a synthesis procedure particularly developed for the realization of MCP transfer functions is described. According to that procedure the portion of the MCP transfer function containing multiple poles is realized as a follow-the-leader feedback (FLF) network, and the remaining part as a cascade. It is shown that the lower sensitivities of MCP functions in comparison with standard approximating functions (Butterworth, Chebyshev, etc.) can be further decreased by applying the FLF configuration instead of the cascade. the synthesis procedure is straightforward and in some cases it can be performed using identical second-order BP blocks. the final circuit sensitivities can be optimized according to given filter specifications and a user selected optimization criterion.
In the second part of the paper, the MCP transfer functions are combined with the cascaded biquarts (CBQ), the shifted companion form (SCF), and the leap-frog (LF) structures, and sensitivity analysis is performed. It is shown that applications of the above mentioned structures can improve the filter sensitivites in a way similar to that of the given FLF configuration.
TL;DR: In this article, a topologically based theoretical background for designing tests for identification of faulty parameter values in linear subnetworks is presented, where nodal voltages are assumed to be obtainable either by measurements or, indirectly, as a result of a nodal fault analysis.
Abstract: This paper presents a topologically based theoretical background for designing tests for identification of faulty parameter values in linear subnetworks. Nodal voltages are assumed t o be obtainable either by measurements or, indirectly, as a result of a nodal fault analysis. A formulation of nodal fault analysis for subnetworks is presented. It is shown how this approach can be used to evaluate faulty elements within inaccessible faulty subnetworks. The objective of this work is the reduction of the number of required current excitations and, thereby, the number of voltage measurements. The Coates flow-graph representation of a network is used.
TL;DR: In this article, a methode conduit is proposed to optimize the point de vue sensibilite, distorsion de signal and bruit in a cascade of RC actives.
Abstract: Les fonctions passe bande d'ordre eleve sont realisees par des sections biquantiques RC actives en cascade. Cette methode conduit a un circuit optimise du point de vue sensibilite, distorsion de signal et bruit. On montre que les filtres resultant ont une faible sensibilite similaire a celle des filtres a reaction a boucles multiples et de meilleures performances de bruit que les filtres en cascade et en forme de «capots» decales
TL;DR: A unified study of the class of adjoint network approaches to power system sensitivity analysis which exploits the Jacobian matrix of the load flow solution is presented in this article, where generalized sensitivity expressions which are easily derived, compactly described and effectively used for calculating first-order changes and gradients of functions of interest are obtained.
Abstract: A unified study of the class of adjoint network approaches to power system sensitivity analysis which exploits the Jacobian matrix of the load flow solution is presented. Generalized sensitivity expressions which are easily derived, compactly described and effectively used for calculating first-order changes and gradients of functions of interest are obtained. These generalized sensitivity expressions are common to all modes of formulating the power flow equations, e.g. polar and Cartesian. the approach exploits a special complex notation and complex matrix manipulations to define the adjoint system and to derive the sensitivity formulae. the approach is applicable to both real and complex function sensitivities.
TL;DR: In this article, the conditions ou les circuits quadripoles non reciproques sans pertes adoptent un generateur fonction de la frequence and de la charge are presented.
Abstract: Presentation des conditions ou les circuits quadripoles non reciproques sans pertes adoptent un generateur fonction de la frequence et de la charge
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed an approach based on multifrequency measurements of some voltage (transfer function) at the accessible output port and can be used for multiple-fault location.
Abstract: This paper deals with multiple-fault diagnosis for linear analogue circuits. the proposed approach is based on multifrequency measurements of some voltage (transfer function) at the accessible output port and can be used for multiple-fault location. It uses certain algebraic invariant properties of the transfer function with respect to the set of faulty elements. Computationally this approach reduces checking the problem of multiple-fault diagnosis to one of the existence or non-existence of a common solution of two systems of linear equations; this amounts to the finding of the rank of a matrix. These linear equations are derived via symbolic representation of the measured voltage (transfer function) accessible for measurements. A numerical example of the application of such an approach is given.
TL;DR: In this article, the frequency domain stability conditions for non-linear two-port amplifiers were derived for a turned transistor amplifier with saturated class-C type transfer characteristic, and the theoretical considerations and the experimental results were in close agreement.
Abstract: Based on the two-port describing function characterization, frequency domain stability conditions are derived for non-linear two-port amplifiers. the conditions are applied to the case of a turned transistor amplifier with saturated class-C type transfer characteristic. the theoretical considerations and the experimental results are in close agreement.
TL;DR: In this article, the conceptual design and realization of matching networks for the continuous transfer of maximum power from a non-linear source with randomly varying characteristics to a load is discussed, and experimental studies as well as computer simulation results verify the validity of the design and point to methods for its practical implementation.
Abstract: This paper is concerned with the conceptual design and realization of matching networks for the continuous transfer of maximum power from a non-linear source with randomly varying characteristics to a load. Such sources are commonly encountered in the use of photovoltaic arrays or wind energy conversion systems for the production of electric power. Experimental studies as well as computer simulation results verify the validity of the design and point to methods for its practical implementation.
TL;DR: On formule de 2 facons differentes le probleme d'interpolation for des fonctions reelles positives a n dimensions is discussed in this paper, where a n dimension is defined as the number of dimensions.
Abstract: On formule de 2 facons differentes le probleme d'interpolation pour des fonctions reelles positives a n dimensions
TL;DR: In this article, a method of designing quadrantally symmetric cascaded two-dimensional (2D) digital recursive filters by subjecting a one variable approximating function to successive transformations is discussed.
Abstract: This paper discusses a method of designing quadrantally symmetric cascaded two-dimensional (2-D) digital recursive filters by subjecting a one variable approximating function to successive transformations. the needed approximation is done in the one variable domain rather than in the 2-D domain, hence leading to a large reduction of computational labour. Using cepstral techniques each denominator polynomial is spectrally factorized into recursible non-symmetric half plane components. A significant feature of the method is in decoupling the problems of approximation and stability. Consequently spectral factorization needs to be performed only once for each denominator polynomial. Effects of truncation on filter stability are minimized by ensuring rapid convergence of cepstra. the choice of an adequate DFT size in cepstral computations is shown to be an important consideration for many problems associated with spectral decomposition. Attempts are also made to stabilize the unstable transfer function using an existing 2-D discrete Hilbert transform method. Considerable distortion in magnitude characteristics is shown to result on stabilization. Finally the method is illustrated by two examples.
TL;DR: In this paper, the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a certain class of non-linear networks, including locally active elements and controlled sources, is considered and conditions under which the input characteristics of the network are monotonically increasing are also analyzed.
Abstract: The problem of the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a certain class of non-linear networks, including locally active elements and controlled sources, is considered in the paper. the conditions under which the input characteristics of the network are monotonically increasing are also analysed. Two theorems relating to the problem in question, containing some results in terms of the network topology, are formulated.
TL;DR: In this article, a methode for obtenir des filtres passe-bande large bande sans utilisation de la methode d'approximation des moindres carres utilisee par Komick is presented.
Abstract: Presentation d'une methode pour obtenir des filtres passe-bande large bande sans utilisation de la methode d'approximation des moindres carres utilisee par Komick
TL;DR: In this paper, the minimisation de l'ondulation dans le changement relatif de la fonction de transfert d'amplitude due aux variations de parametres for un graphe de fluence de signal des equations d'etat realisant une fonctions de transfERT du 2eme ordre passe tout.
Abstract: Etude de la minimisation de l'ondulation dans le changement relatif de la fonction de transfert d'amplitude due aux variations de parametres pour un graphe de fluence de signal des equations d'etat realisant une fonction de transfert du 2eme ordre passe tout. La mesure pour l'ondulation est definie et on trouve les transmittances de branches minimisant la mesure. Les resultats obtenus peuvent etre utilises pour les realisations de filtres actifs passe tout avec une mesure d'ondulation minimum