International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering 

About: International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering is an academic journal published by Springer Nature. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Ultimate tensile strength & Surface roughness. It has an ISSN identifier of 1823-0334. It is also open access. Over the lifetime, 479 publications have been published receiving 5500 citations.

Investigation of weld defects in friction-stir welding and fusion welding of aluminium alloys

Abstract: Transportation industries are obliged to address concerns arising from greater emphasis on energy saving and ecologically sustainable products. Engineers, therefore, have a responsibility to deliver innovative solutions that will support environmental preservation and yet meet industries’ requirements for greater productivity and minimised operational costs. Aluminium alloys have successfully contributed to meeting the rising demand for lightweight structures. Notable developments in aluminium welding techniques have resolved many welding related problems, although some issues remain to be addressed. The present study attempts to give an overview of the key factors related to the formation of defects in welding methods commonly used with aluminium alloys. First, a concise overview of defects found in friction-stir welding, laser beam welding and arc welding of aluminium alloys is presented. The review is used as a basis for analysis of the relationship between friction-stir welding process parameters and weld defects. Next, the formation and prevention of the main weld defects in laser beam welding, such as porosity and hot cracking, are discussed. Finally, metallurgical aspects influencing weld metal microstructure and contributing to defects are tabulated, as are defect prevention methods, for the most common flaws in arc welding of aluminium alloys.

Mechanical properties of fly ash reinforced aluminium alloy (Al6061) composites

Abstract: The results of an experimental investigation of the mechanical properties of fly ash reinforced aluminium alloy (Al 6061) composites samples, processed by stir casting route are reported in this paper. Three sets of composites with fly ash particle sizes of 4-25, 45-50 and 75-100 µm were used. The particle size ranges chosen as the said particle sizes were available more by weight fraction when sieve analysis was conducted on the sample collected for experiments and also the ones for which results are not reported. Each set had three types of composite samples with the reinforcement weight fractions of 10, 15 and 20%. The mechanical properties studied were the tensile strength, compressive strength, ductility and hardness. Unreinforced Al6061 samples were also tested for the same properties. It was found that the tensile strength, compressive strength and hardness of the aluminium alloy (Al 6061) composites decreased with the increase in particle size of reinforced fly ash. Increase in the weight fractions of the fly ash particles increases the ultimate tensile strength, compressive strength, hardness and decreases the ductility of the composite. The scanning electron micrographs of the samples indicated uniform distribution of the fly ash particles in the matrix without any voids.

Tapping into the world halal market: some discussions on malaysian laws and standards

Abstract: Recently, the HDC or Halal Development Corporation took over the administration of halal from JAKIM (Department of Islamic Development of Malaysia) to establish a specific body that is fully in charge of the halal administration. This appears to be one of the initiatives the government has implemented to raise Malaysia’s standing as a major player in the world halal industry. In its implementation there must also be laws imposing criminal liability on the violation of halal, as well as particular standards for its achievement. This article discusses the laws that impose criminal liability as well as the Malaysian Halal Standard to determine whether Malaysia can position itself as the ‘model’ country for taking charge of halal matters globally.

A review of challenges and solutions in the preparation and use of magnetorheological fluids

Abstract: This review of MRF (magnetorheological fluids or MR fluids) brings out the challenges in methods of preparation, difficulties encountered in storage and use, and possible solutions to overcome the challenges. Magnetorheological fluid in the rheological fluid domain has found use due to its ability to change its shear strength based on the applied magnetic field. Magnetorheological fluids are composed of magnetizable micron-sized iron particles and a non-magnetizable base or carrier fluid along with additives to counter sedimentation and agglomeration. Magnetorheological fluids can respond to external stimuli by undergoing changes in physical properties thus enabling several improved modifications in the existing technology enhancing their application versatility and utility. Thus, magnetorheological fluid, a rheological material whose viscosity undergoes apparent changes on application of magnetic field, is considered as a smart material. Such materials can be used for active and semi-active control of engineering systems. Many studies on the designs of systems incorporating MR fluids, mainly for vibration control and also for other applications including brakes, clutches, dynamometers, aircraft landing gears, and helicopter lag dampers, have emerged over last couple of decades. However, the preparation as well as the maintenance of magnetorheological fluids involves several challenges. Sedimentation is a major challenge, even when stored for moderate periods of time. A comprehensive review is made on the problems confronted in the preparation of magnetorheological fluids as well as sustenance of the properties, for use, over a long period of time. Other problems encountered include agglomeration and in-use thickening (IUT) as well as rusting and crusting. Of interest is the mitigation of these problems so as to prepare fluids with satisfactory properties, and such solutions are reviewed here. The control of magnetorheological fluids and the applications of interest are also reviewed. The review covers additives for overcoming challenges in the preparation and use of magnetorheological fluids that include incrustation, sedimentation, agglomeration, and also oxidation of the particles. The methodology to prepare the fluid along with the process for adding selected additives was reviewed. The results showed an improvement in the reduction of sedimentation and other problems decreasing comparatively. A set of additives for addressing the specific challenges has been summarized. Experiments were carried out to establish the sedimentation rates for compositions with varying fractions of additives. The review also analyzes briefly the gaps in studies on MR fluids and covers present developments and future application areas such as haptic devices.

Pengagihan zakat oleh institusi zakat di malaysia: mengapa masyarakat islam tidak berpuas hati?

Abstract: Zakat institution; as an intermediary entity between zakat payersand zakat receivers plays an important role in collecting anddistributing zakat efficiently. However, zakat payers are dissatisfiedwith the performance of the zakat institution. This study examines thedissatisfaction effect of zakat payers’ towards their zakat paymentsand investigates the reasons for this situation. This study utilises andanalyses primary data of dissatisfied zakat payers and potential zakatpayers in Peninsular Malaysia by using descriptive analysis and logisticregression. The results show that more than half of the dissatisfiedpayers do not pay zakat which would have led to a decrease in potentialzakat collection. Nevertheless, there is no significant differencebetween the dissatisfaction level of zakat Institutions at the State level;that may or may not be a private organisation. The result further showsthat the main reasons for zakat payer’s dissatisfaction are ineffectivedistribution methods and insufficient dessimination of information onzakat distribution. This study therefore proposes several measures to overcome the weaknesses identified; hence to increase the satisfaction of zakat payers and to encourage Muslims to pay zakat through authorized zakat institutions.