Showing papers in "International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (ijidem) in 2007"
TL;DR: An innovative application aiming at combining large, tablet-based and headmounted displays for collaborative mobile mixed reality design reviews and an overview of the hardware and software developments within IMPROVE are introduced.
Abstract: In this paper we introduce an innovative application aiming at combining large, tablet-based and headmounted displays for collaborative mobile mixed reality design reviews. Our research and development is motivated by two use scenarios: automotive and architectural design review involving real users from Page/Park architects and Elasis FIAT. Our activities are supported by the EU IST project IMPROVE. It covers activities in the areas of: HMD development using unique OLED technology, markerless tracking, augmented reality rendering, image calibration for large tiled displays, collaborative tablet-based and projection wall oriented interaction and stereoscopic video streaming for mobile users. The paper gives an overview of the hardware and software developments within IMPROVE and concludes with results from first user test.
38 citations
TL;DR: The objective of this paper is to present an original and efficient Collaborative Optimization Strategy for Multi-Objective Systems (COSMOS) designed to find the sub-set of the design space that contains the best solutions – Pareto frontier – of the global system.
Abstract: Engineering design of complex systems is a decision making process that aims at choosing from among a set of options that implies an irrevocable allocation of resources. It is inherently a multidisciplinary and multi- objective process; nowadays, the designer has to face the continuous growing complexity of engineering problems, but also, the increasing economic competition that have led to a specialization and distribution of knowledge, expertise, tools and work sites. Products become more and more complex and their design is usually of large scale, characterized by an important number of design variables, parameters, requirements, constraints and objectives. Consequently, multi- objective optimization (MOO) and multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) are more and more used to provide one optimal solution—by the use of a “a priori” or interactive preferences modelling—or a set of optimal solutions—in which the designer will have to choose “a posteriori” the one to be developed. The objective of this paper is to present an original and efficient Collaborative Optimization Strategy for Multi-Objective Systems (COSMOS) designed to find the sub-set of the design space that contains the best solutions – Pareto frontier – of the global system.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the behavior of a large diameter bearing bolted joint is investigated to evaluate fatigue resistance of the screws, based on experimental results, a sector of a slewing bearing is modeled using 3D finite elements and a numerical model is used to evaluate the influence of several geometrical and physical parameters.
Abstract: This paper investigates the behavior of large diameter bearing bolted joint in order to evaluate fatigue resistance of the screws. Based on experimental results, a sector of a slewing bearing is modeled using 3D finite elements. The model is built via hypothesis of sine-distributed efforts on the roller tracks. The simulations are carried out for the most loaded screw, which is located in the symmetry plane. Experimental measures on equipped screws are checked against numerical 3D simulations. This validates the numerical modeling method. Then the numerical model is used to evaluate the influence of several geometrical and physical parameters. The preload intensity reveals to be the major parameter. The bushes’ height affects load filtering and improves fatigue strength of the screws. The height of the mounting tubes smoothes potential stiff points. The friction coefficient between the ring and the mounting is investigated as well. Eventually, several observations are made which lead to design recommendations for fatigue sizing of the slewing bearing screwed joints.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a real-time distributed virtual environment that simulates container terminal operation is developed to facilitate the optimal design of terminal operation for both management and operators, and to provide a flexible environment for operator training and skill evaluation, a low cost fully immersive virtual reality system developed at the University of Hong Kong, together with several network computers that are linked to the imseCAVE for remote control and monitoring of terminal operations.
Abstract: Port container terminal operation requires a skill workforce who participates in performing a number major operation including container loading/unloading, task planning, scheduling of terminal resources, operating of crane systems, etc. in a highly coordinated manner. To facilitate the optimal design of terminal operation for both management and operators, and to provide a flexible environment for operator training and skill evaluation, a real-time distributed virtual environment that simulates container terminal operation is developed. The system includes an imseCAVE, which is a low cost fully immersive virtual reality system developed at the University of Hong Kong, together with several network computers that are linked to the imseCAVE for remote control and monitoring of terminal operations, and providing user interfaces that simulate the planning systems for terminal operations. The simulator recreates a vivid terminal operating environment that is found useful for both teaching and research in logistics and other related fields.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare four approaches to calculate a reduced result of the campaign as fast as possible: an a posteriori reduction, an a priori enrichment method, an enrichment-reduction and the hyperreduction, based on two phases: 1-some load cases, characteristic of possible handlings, are precalculated; 2-results of this campaign are interpolated during real-time immersion.
Abstract: Interaction, in real time, between a designer and a virtual prototype is a promising way to optimize the parts design in mechanical industries. These interactions can induce deformation of some flexible parts of the prototype. The analysis in real time of nonlinear mechanical model by finite element method (FEM) is impossible. Our approach is based on two phases: 1-some load cases, characteristic of possible handlings, are precalculated; 2-results of this campaign are interpolated during the real-time immersion. This paper compares 4 approaches to calculate a reduced result of the campaign as fast as possible: an a posteriori reduction, an a priori enrichment method, an a priori enrichment-reduction and the hyperreduction.
25 citations
TL;DR: The product adaptation phase is here regarded as a process and the corresponding model is described showing how the concept of product assembly can be considered as subjected to multiple representations.
Abstract: Obtaining the digital representation of the product model required for each product view is time consuming because component shapes and their associated data need to be adapted. This shape adaptation is considered as performed in the product view interface where a mixed shape representation reduces the prescriptive effects of the component models thus generated. Considered here as a second part, issues related to operators addressing the associative modifications of product models and, more specifically the product shape description, are described as a complement of the first part. Among the product views, the concept of downstream digital mock-up serves as basis to illustrate the properties of the proposed approach. Associative modifications are addressed through shape mapping issues. The product adaptation phase is here regarded as a process and the corresponding model is described showing how the concept of product assembly can be considered as subjected to multiple representations.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the construction and validation of a volumic crash detailed model of different spotwelded coupons using the finite element method, which is used to provide input data for the validation of the simplified model, which will be later on implemented in the complete car model.
Abstract: This paper presents the construction and the validation of a volumic crash detailed model of different spotwelded coupons using the finite element method. The goal of this detailed model is to provide input data for the validation of a simplified model, which will be later on implemented in the complete car model. First, by studying a weld’s cross section, three different areas (spot weld, heat affected zone and basis material) have been identified and characterized using the Vickers hardness test. Moreover, the geometry of the specimen has been carefully analyzed to construct an accurate FE-model. To reflect the different mechanical properties of each zone, a simple method based on the extrapolation of the tensile strength from the Vickers hardness has been used. To compute the damage and the rupture inside the specimen, the Gurson material model implemented in the explicit time integration method “LS-DYNA3D” has been used. The global accuracy of the detailed model is checked by comparing the simulated and experimental force/displacement curves and the weld’s rupture mode under a quasi-static load case of 10 mm/min. This study shows that detailed models of shear-tension, lap-shear and coach-peel specimens are validated for a mild steel.
18 citations
TL;DR: The development of a NC milling machine commonly used in the aeronautical industry is presented here and the machine architecture and its environment are based on object oriented programming, which makes possible upgrade and modularity.
Abstract: Simulation of Numerical Control Machine-Tools (NCMT) based on Virtual Reality allows us a previous visualization of the different processes performed on a manufactured part. Moreover, simulation permits inexperienced workers to learn how to control the machine in a safe way even from a remote location through the web. The development of a NC milling machine commonly used in the aeronautical industry is presented here. The machine architecture and its environment are based on object oriented programming, which makes possible upgrade and modularity. Each machine element is represented by a C++ class, as well as the compiler that interprets the NC program code lines.
17 citations
TL;DR: The performances of an interval analysis based Constraint Satisfaction problem solver and a Genetic Algorithm based design code are compared and discussed and some numerical results relating to an aircraft air conditioning system are presented.
Abstract: Recent progress has been made in the field of digital processing tools based on interval analysis dedicated to decision support in embodiment design. In this paper, the performances of an interval analysis based Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) solver and a Genetic Algorithm based design code are compared and discussed. The embodiment design problem of a Joule–Brayton air conditioning system (Bootstrap) used in aeronautics has been tackled using both approaches. CSP relating to Bootstrap design appear to be difficult due to the size and the complexity of the solution search domain. Design choices are associated with continuous and discrete variable values while the Bootstrap effectiveness is extremely sensitive to most of these design variables. Some numerical results relating to an aircraft air conditioning system are presented.
17 citations
TL;DR: A novel interaction metaphor is presented that facilitates the synthesis of efficient virtual reality interaction and visualization techniques with modern feature based CAD systems and an alternative approach for navigation, manipulation and selection is presented.
Abstract: Current virtual reality (VR) systems provide an enormous potential for enhancing the visualization of 3D-design drafts. Based on new navigation techniques the designer is able to interact, model in a more intuitive and efficient way. In our contribution we present a novel interaction metaphor that facilitates the synthesis of efficient virtual reality interaction and visualization techniques with modern feature based CAD systems. We present “NAVIMODE”, an alternative approach for navigation, manipulation and selection, to combine the advantages of VR and CAD systems. The design engineer has the chance to design in his/her habitual environment using the advantage of virtual reality concurrently.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate how this model can be implemented within a virtual product development laboratory at Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal which integrates CAD, PDM and MPM technologies, and show that the model is compatible with the methodologies and technologies supported in the laboratory, but that the existing technologies have to support more sophisticated workflow capabilities to support the CMII model.
Abstract: In all product development cycles, the change process is one of the most critical elements which must be well controlled. This change process, which is comprised within the configuration management methodology, must be one of the key processes supported by an integrated product development environment which supports the concurrent development of design and manufacturing. The CMII business process model proposed by the Institute of Configuration Management is very well documented and has become a reference for modelling the change process within an enterprise. It was thus proposed to evaluate how this model can be implemented within a virtual product development laboratory at Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal which integrates CAD, PDM and MPM technologies. MPM technologies support manufacturing engineers and process planners for the development and analysis of all manufacturing process information. The study has shown that the CMII business model is totally compatible with the methodologies and technologies supported in the laboratory, but that the existing technologies have to support more sophisticated workflow capabilities to support the CMII model. Moreover, the model was found to foster a highly collaborative product and manufacturing process development environment where both engineering and manufacturing information structures are kept synchronized in real time.
TL;DR: A high-level architecture-based multi-disciplinary distributed simulation environment for designing mechatronic systems where commercial off-the-shelf simulators can communicate each other via real-time-infrastructure to realize software-in- the-loop simulation.
Abstract: This paper proposes a high-level architecture-based multi-disciplinary distributed simulation environment for designing mechatronic systems. In the system, commercial off-the-shelf simulators can communicate each other via real-time-infrastructure to realize software-in-the-loop simulation. Moreover, hardware prototypes can also participate in a part of the distributed simulation environment which enable us hardware-in-the-loop simulation. Effectiveness was verified by applying the environment to mechatronic system design of an automotive power-window and an omni-directional electric wheel chair.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a numerical tool (CAD/FEM) to assist the designer willing to take comfort into account as a primary requirement for saddle design, which can be used both to evaluate the comfort level of an existing saddle and to improve the saddle design.
Abstract: This paper illustrates a research work carried out in order to allow a comfort-oriented optimization of motorcycle saddles. The aim of the work is to develop a numerical tool (CAD/FEM) to assist the designer willing to take comfort into account as a primary requirement for saddle design. This paper briefly illustrates the basic steps of the methodology. The authors, after obtaining a set of parametric CAD models of both saddle and rider, simulated the contact occurring between these components by means of a FE solver, thereby obtaining a comfort level estimate. The results, validated by a set of experimental tests, can be used both to evaluate the comfort level of an existing saddle and to improve the saddle design. The work demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed approach, capable of providing useful hints for a comfort-oriented design, already from the early stage of stylistic design of motorcycle saddles and, possibly, of other products.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an innovative assembly cycle of railway vehicles that can improve the manufacturing process using virtual reality (VR) technologies in the VR Laboratory of the Competence Regional Centre for the qualification of transportation systems set up by Campania Regional Authority.
Abstract: In this paper we present an innovative assembly cycle of railway vehicles that can improve the manufacturing process. The study was carry out using virtual reality (VR) technologies in the VR Laboratory of the Competence Regional Centre for the qualification of transportation systems set up by Campania Regional Authority. Using the developed simulation environment we were able to evaluate different workplaces layout configurations of the train assembly cycle. The best workplace layout configuration was detected in order to minimize the lead time in the production line and optimize the automation level and human component for each workplace.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a proper time domain simulator of the milling process, based on an accurate geometrical modelling of the tool, the machined surface geometry and roughness as well as the cutting forces and the amplitude of the cutting tool vibrations.
Abstract: Most of the studies on stability in machining are based on the following assumption: the cutting tool is geometrically perfect. However in practice, the defects in the positions of the cutting edges can be important, in particular for long tool holder, and thus perturb significantly the cutting process. The paper aims to show the influence of these defects on the stability of the machining and the raising of chatter phenomenon. This study is based on numerical simulations of an industrial milling operation involving a long flexible tool holder. It was achieved using a proper time domain simulator of the milling process, based on an accurate geometrical modelling of the tool, the machined surface and the material removal. This simulator computes accurately the machined surface geometry and roughness as well as the cutting forces and the amplitude of the cutting tool vibrations. The simulations of the industrial case have highlighted two mains results. First of all, the conventional stability criteria are improper to predict the stability of tools with defaults. Thus, for this case, we propose a different indicator of stability that furthermore estimates the level of the chatter in case of instable machining. Secondly, the numerical results show that the geometrical defects of the tool increase the stability of the cutting process. But in such cases, the using of chatter free cutting conditions is no longer a guaranty of a good machined surface.
TL;DR: In this article, a first attempt to qualify the design process in the field of MEMS product has been made, where the issue of manufacturability is addressed in a context of integrated design, which implies to understand specificities of the manufacturing process involved in the realization of these products.
Abstract: This paper is a first attempt to qualify the design process in the field of MEMS product Through this study, we try to analyse how the issue of manufacturability is addressed in a context of integrated design This implies to understand specificities of the manufacturing process involved in the realization of these products (we focus on process derived from VLSI industry) Then we look at the main current design methodologies to understand how the manufacturing is being taken into account Computer aided tools associated to these methodologies are presented at the same time Finally, we conclude on the need of specifications for a design methodology that would provide designers with greater independence from manufacturing constraints
TL;DR: Four digital style design systems to construct a sophisticated shape from a concept or a rough sketch and a system to sophisticate a 3D digital model by forming characteristic lines indicated by a designer are reported.
Abstract: This paper reports four digital style design systems to construct a sophisticated shape from a concept or a rough sketch. First one is a system to automatically construct a 3D digital model form key words expressing the product concept. Second one is a system to automatically construct the 3D digital model from a rough sketch drown by a designer. Third one is a system to automatically sophisticate a 3D digital model according to the high light lines indicated by a designer. Fourth one is a system to sophisticate a 3D digital model by forming characteristic lines indicated by a designer.
TL;DR: This paper presents an easy and designer-friendly video tracking toolkit that can be used in Macromedia Flash, which is the most favourite multimedia authoring tool for designers.
Abstract: With growing interests on tangible media and physical computing, video tracking become one of the most essential technologies in the design field. It transforms a simple PC camera to be a powerful sensing device while implementing new interactive media. But for designers without technical background, it is difficult to use the video tracking feature in their design process. This paper presents an easy and designer-friendly video tracking toolkit that can be used in Macromedia Flash, which is the most favourite multimedia authoring tool for designers. By using the toolkit, designers and artists using Flash can simply display video images, track specific colors, and detect motion changes with standard digital video capturing devices like USB webcams.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a model definition that enables superimposed solution structure definition in away that part and document definition is managed through change process effectively in product data management systems. But, the model definition is part of a model, and it does not consider the role of the user in the design process.
Abstract: There is need to enable different superimposed part structure solutions as part of the design process and identify these solution options to support configuration of life-cycle phases and change management. This requirement is one of the important needs of integrated structure configurations in modular product architectures in commercial marine product platforms. The solution of the study is part of a model definition that enables superimposed solution structure definition in away that part and document definition is managed through change process effectively in product data management systems.
TL;DR: This MIS adaptable new simulator incorporates two additional degrees of freedom: a displacement of every actuator set allows flexibility to adapt the inter-trocar distance and portal angle adjustment makes possible rotating these sets around the device symmetry axis.
Abstract: Learning process of minimal invasive surgery (MIS) will be strongly based on surgical simulators. However, general medical simulators do not take into account all the requirements, such us surgeon’s position or possible intervention angles. Our MIS adaptable new simulator incorporates two additional degrees of freedom: a displacement of every actuator set allows flexibility to adapt the inter-trocar distance and portal angle adjustment makes possible rotating these sets around the device symmetry axis. The design allows an ergonomic disposition of the surgical instruments according to the trainee features and permits software developers to overcome the constraints of general purpose simulators.
TL;DR: BioCAD as mentioned in this paper is a biologically based computer tool that mimics the human vision process for the rapid and accurate generation of 3D computer models from existing large objects and can be integrated with other computer-based technologies.
Abstract: The restoration/renovation of historic buildings has become an important facet of the construction industry, which can generate large economic benefits, drawn from the increased commercial value of these buildings and its surrounding area in terms of tourism and investment, apart from other non-priced benefits associated with user satisfaction. In this context, the rapid generation of tridimensional computer models from existent large objects like historic buildings can be particularly important either for building re-use, virtual museums or others patrimonial applications. This paper proposes a new biologically based computer tool, called BioCAD that mimics the human vision process. This system was specifically designed for the rapid and accurate generation of 3D computer models from existing large objects and can be integrated with other computer-based technologies. Two case studies were chosen to validate the system and to demonstrate its integration with rapid prototyping and Haptic CAD systems.
TL;DR: The research and findings on various tools, equipment, and settings that can be used to create high-fidelity virtual systems are reported.
Abstract: Computer-generated virtual systems and virtual environments provide researchers, engineers, game/entertainment developers, designers, and many other professions with powerful tools to perform jobs that were unimaginable a few years ago. For virtual systems, visualization is only one of the five senses used by humans, so by combining sounds, motion, and other sensory stimulus, it is possible to digitally re-create objects, events and environment to completely emulate real objects, events, and environment in which they occur with high fidelity. This paper reports the research and findings on various tools, equipment, and settings that can be used to create high-fidelity virtual systems.
TL;DR: This work developed a collision checking analysis tool (CCAT) that detects dynamic collisions in the virtual world and reduces development costs by increasing the accuracy and speed that collisions are detected within a model in motion.
Abstract: To discover dynamic collisions in military vehicles with automated ammunition handling capabilities, we developed a collision checking analysis tool (CCAT). CCAT is an automated toolset that detects dynamic collisions in the virtual world. CCAT reduces development costs by increasing the accuracy and speed that collisions are detected within a model in motion. CCAT is a plugin to PTCs Mockup, a 3D-immersive CAD modeling and visualization tool that detects collisions. CCAT can be plugged into any 3D visualization tool that supports collision checking queries with a minimal amount of additional development. We present examples of collisions CCAT detected in real time on automated ammunition handling systems. Collisions and motion commands are recorded, so that we can playback any scenario and interactively examine and classify collisions in the 3D world.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an information processing representation for dynamic process optimization of machining processes within a smart machining system (SMS) in order to enable the seamless flow of information between each technology and the part of the SMS that optimizes the performance.
Abstract: Smart machining systems (SMS) are an important part of today’s manufacturing companies. SMS include the use of diverse technologies that once integrated together, provide the capabilities of: producing the first and every product correct; improving the response of the production system to changes in demand (just in time); realizing rapid manufacturing; and, providing data on an as needed basis. Each technology uses information with its own representation. In order to integrate the technologies an SMS must enable the seamless flow of information between each technology and the part of the SMS that optimizes the performance of machining processes. This paper reports on the initial developments of an information processing representation for dynamic process optimization of machining processes within a SMS.
TL;DR: The emergence of several trends, including the increased availability of wireless networks, miniaturization of electronics and sensing technologies, and novel input and output devices, is creating a demand for integrated, full-time displays for use across a wide range of applications, including collaborative environments.
Abstract: The emergence of several trends, including the increased availability of wireless networks, miniaturization of electronics and sensing technologies, and novel input and output devices, is creating a demand for integrated, fulltime displays for use across a wide range of applications, including collaborative environments. In this paper, we present and discuss emerging visualization methods we are developing particularly as they relate to deployable displays and displays worn on the body to support mobile users.
TL;DR: Tangible Image Studio helps industrial designers intuitively control parameters for digital imaging, such as camera location, target location, type and property of light sources in 3D CAD tools by employing tangible user interface techniques.
Abstract: We introduce a system for supporting digital imaging tasks in product design, called Tangible Image Studio. Tangible Image Studio helps industrial designers intuitively control parameters for digital imaging, such as camera location, target location, type and property of light sources in 3D CAD tools by employing tangible user interface techniques. It can improve the user interface of digital imaging tasks in CAD. It is also useful as a teaching aid for photographic studio lighting.