Showing papers in "Journal of Career Assessment in 2001"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe four studies that addressed the development and validation of an instrument that assesses the degree and type of role model influences on students' academic and vocational decisions.
Abstract: This article describes four studies that addressed the development and validation of an instrument that assesses the degree and type of role model influences on students' academic and vocational decisions Factor analyses of the Influence of Others on Academic and Career Decisions Scale (IOACDS) yielded two factors that measure Support/Guidance and Inspiration/Modeling Test-retest reliability and internal consistency estimates across studies were high The Support/Guidance and Inspiration/Modeling subscales correlated in expected directions with measures of general social support, occupational information, career indecision, and career certainty, and they were not significantly related to a measure of social desirability Only the Inspiration/Modeling subscale was significantly related to a measure of vocational identity Suggestions are made for using the IOACDS in research and practice
164Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared English and Hebrew paper-and-pencil and Internet versions of the Career Decision-making Difficulties Questionnaire (CDDQ) and found that the internal consistency reliability of the Internet version was similar to that of the paper and pencil versions, and the structures derived from the 10 categories of difficulties were also highly similar in the two groups.
Abstract: The present study compared English and Hebrew paper-and- pencil and Internet versions of the Career Decision-making Difficulties Questionnaire (CDDQ). First, the response pattern of 417 clients who filled out the Hebrew paper-and-pencil version was compared with the response pattern found for a matched sample of 837 individuals who visited a career-related Internet site and filled out the Hebrew Internet version of the CDDQ. The internal consistency reliability of the Internet version was similar to that of the paper-and-pencil version (.87 and .88, respectively). The structures derived from the 10 categories of difficulties were also highly similar in the two groups (Spearman rank-order correlation of .87), and both structures resembled the theoretical one proposed by Gati, Krausz, and Osipow. However, the response pattern of 24% of the Internet users could be characterized as "questionable," indicating that these users' difficulties should be interpreted and the users should be offered feedback with res...
106Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the validity of the Career Decision-Making Difficulties Questionnaire (CDDQ) in relation to its cultural relevance and examined relationships between career decision-making difficulties and career indecision.
Abstract: This study examines the validity of the Career Decision-Making Difficulties Questionnaire (CDDQ) in relation to its cultural relevance. Relationships between career decision-making difficulties and career indecision are also examined in relation to the two cultural groups, American and Taiwanese university students. Structural equation modeling (SEM) shows that the taxonomy of career decision-making difficulties can be reliably measured for American college students. However, the data based on the Taiwanese students has a relatively poor fit of the factorial model. Compared to the America students, Taiwanese students report more difficulties in career decision making and tend to be more indecisive in their career decision making. Differences in career decision- making difficulties between American and Taiwanese college students are discussed in light of cultural differences.
104Â citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the contributions of the above predictors to generalized indecision with a sample of 345 secondary school students and found that the regression equation accounted for 50% of the variance.
Abstract: Career indecision is a complex phenomenon and there is evidence that undecided individuals do not constitute a homogenous group. Although there is some controversy about the different types of career undecided individuals, there has been a relative consensus that simple or developmental indecision, which corresponds to a developmentally appropriate exploration of alternatives, can be distinguished from generalized indecision, which reflects difficulties in the decision-making process in other aspects of the individuals' lives. Although generalized indecision as been associated with high levels of anxiety, external locus of control, low self-esteem, low levels of psychological separation towards parents, and inadequate identity formation, studies of the construct have been limited by small sample sizes. The present study examined the contributions of the above predictors to generalized indecision with a sample of 345 secondary school students. Overall, the regression equation accounted for 50% of the varia...
87Â citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined self-reliance and work preference variables as theoretical factors in career decision-making self-efficacy, with counterdependence and preference for growth needs emerging as the more significant contributors.
Abstract: This investigation examined self-reliance and work preference variables as theoretical factors in career decision-making self-efficacy. As expected, each variable was significantly related to career decision- making self-efficacy (CDMSE), with counterdependence and preference for growth needs emerging as the more significant contributors. Counterdependence, a self-reliance strategy in which persons distance themselves from others, was significantly and negatively related to CDMSE, whereas preference for growth needs in one's career was significantly and positively related to CDMSE. Unexpectedly, CDMSE scores were also related to gender, with females reporting greater self- efficacy in gathering occupational information and career planning. Regression models incorporating self-reliance variables, work preferences, and gender to predict CDMSE facet and total scores were significant, accounting for 12.4% to 26.2% of explained variance. Implications for research and career guidance are discussed.
83Â citations
TL;DR: This article examined the reliability and validity of three measures of investigative self-efficacy, a measure of self- efficacy with respect to scientific/technical fields (STF), and mathematics selfefficacy and found that all measures were related to each other as well as to a criterion of consideration of majors and careers in the sciences.
Abstract: The present study examined the reliability and validity of three measures of investigative (science) self-efficacy, a measure of self- efficacy with respect to scientific/technical fields (STF), and mathematics self-efficacy. Also, it addressed the question of whether or not these measures were psychometrically sound and normatively comparable with African Americans and European Americans. Among other findings, all measures were found to be reliable in both racial groups, and all but the STF were found to be related to each other as well as to a criterion of consideration of majors and careers in the sciences. Although validity was comparable for African Americans and European Americans as groups, there was some tendency for relationships of self-efficacy to science relatedness of choices to be strongest among African American women. There were significant gender differences in math and science self-efficacy (in favor of males), but no significant race differences. The STF, used originally with students w...
80Â citations
TL;DR: The Workplace Sexual Identity Management Measure (WSIMM) as discussed by the authors is based on a conceptual model of lesbian and gay identity management supported by prior qualitative research, and it assesses a continuum of identity management strategies and lends partial support for individual scales.
Abstract: Prior research examining disclosure of sexual orientation at work suggests that lesbian and gay people employ diverse strategies for managing this nonvisible aspect of their identity. Yet, research concerning sexual identity management has been hampered by inadequate conceptual definition and measurement. This paper reports initial development of the Workplace Sexual Identity Management Measure (WSIMM) based on a conceptual model of lesbian and gay identity management supported by prior qualitative research. Psychometric properties of the WSIMM were examined for a sample of 172 student affairs professionals. Results suggest the WSIMM successfully assesses a continuum of identity management strategies and lend partial support for individual scales. Recommendations concerning appropriate uses and further refinement of the measure are provided.
80Â citations
TL;DR: This article developed and administered a measure of academic hardiness to a large sample of high school students and found that students who pursued more difficult academic coursework and educational plans performed better than those who did not.
Abstract: Drawing upon hardiness theory and research on academic motivation we developed and administered a measure of academic hardiness to a large sample of high school students. In line with theory- and research-derived expectations, results of both principal axis factor analyses (PAF) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) yielded support for a three-factor model of the construct. Supplemental analyses indicated that, after controlling for general academic self-concept, the challenge subscale of our novel measure differentiated students who pursued more difficult academic coursework and educational plans from those who did not.
62Â citations
TL;DR: The Keirsey Temperament Sorter II (KTS-II) is a popular online assessment instrument available to those engaging in career exploration on the Internet as mentioned in this paper, which yields measures of psychological t...
Abstract: The Keirsey Temperament Sorter II (KTS-II) is a popular online assessment instrument available to those engaging in career exploration on the Internet. The KTS-II yields measures of psychological t...
42Â citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored whether person-environment fit of interests and values predicted individuals' satisfaction with, and motivation for, work and marital roles, and found that life happiness was not significantly related to work satisfaction.
Abstract: This study explored whether person-environment fit of interests and values predicted individuals' satisfaction with, and motivation for, work and marital roles. The hypotheses were that (a) work satisfaction is a function of congruence of values and interests between individuals and their work environment; (b) marital satisfaction is a function of congruence of values and interests between individuals and their spouses; (c) life happiness is a function of work satisfaction and marital satisfaction; (d) work satisfaction mediates the relationship between values and interests congruence and work motivation; (e) marital satisfaction mediates the relationship between values and interests congruence and marital motivation; and (f) work performance is a function of work motivation and general cognitive ability. Results supported all proposed hypotheses except that life happiness was not significantly related to work satisfaction.
36Â citations
TL;DR: This paper investigated 166 Chinese college students' occupational interests using the Strong Interest Inventory 1994 version in Chinese to accomplish two research goals: (a) to provide additional vocation information for Chinese students and (b) to investigate their occupational interests.
Abstract: The study investigates 166 Chinese college students' occupational interests using the Strong Interest Inventory 1994 version in Chinese to accomplish two research goals: (a) to provide additional v...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a method for measuring the effectiveness of career counseling and career counseling accountability information, which has been used by many career counseling practitioners and researchers seeking sound methods for measuring their effectiveness.
Abstract: Increased demands for accountability information have resulted in many career counseling practitioners and researchers seeking sound methods for measuring the effectiveness of career counseling and...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between birth order and vocational personality type, occupational interests, and values among three birth-order groups derived from a medical student sample (N = 159).
Abstract: Adlerian vocational theory proposes that birth order, or psychological position in the family of origin, significantly influences vocational behavior. If so, appraising birth order position may be useful in a career assessment context to enrich an understanding of an individual's occupational interests, values, and vocational personality style. Two exploratory studies examined this potentiality. In Study 1, analysis of variance results indicated significant differences in vocational personality type, occupational interests, and values among three birth-order groups derived from a medical student sample (N = 159). Significant differences in occupational interests among birth-order groups also emerged in Study 2 which used a college student sample (N = 119). Combined, results of the present research lend support to the Adlerian theoretical assertion that birth order determines vocational personality, occupational interest, and values patterns. Birth order represents a salient and viable variable to consider...
TL;DR: This article examined structural validity of RIASEC and criterion-related validity of Holland's theory, based on college students from the major ethnic group in United States (White Americans) and Singapore (Chinese).
Abstract: Cross-cultural validation of Holland's theory typically focuses on the structural validity of the RIASEC model. This study not only examined structural validity, but the conceptual equivalence of RIASEC and the criterion-related validity of Holland's theory, based on college students from the major ethnic group in United States (White Americans) and Singapore (Chinese). Values were used to examine the convergent-discriminant validity and equivalence of meaning of RIASEC. Results indicate similar structural and criterion-related validity across the samples, although the figures were generally lower than those found in previous studies. Values were weakly related to the interest types. Some evidence of weak convergent validity was found for the I, S, and E types. Tests on these three types indicated that there was equivalence of meaning for the S and E types and the possibility of some culture-specific meaning attached to the I type. Implications for future research are discussed.
TL;DR: This article examined the relationship between temperament and vocational interests in children and found that those with extroverted, intuitive, and feeling styles are interested in being a writer while those with thinking styles were interested in becoming a mechanic.
Abstract: Relationships between temperament and vocational interests are examined for a large, nationally stratified sample of children ages 8 through 17 years. Reliable relationships between temperament and vocational interests are observable in children as young as 8 to 10 years. Those with extroverted styles are interested in being a rock star. Those with introverted, intuitive, and feeling styles are interested in being a writer. Those with thinking styles are interested in being a mechanic. Those with feeling styles are interested in being a counselor. Those with flexible styles are interested in being a jet pilot. Age, gender, and racial-ethnic differences also are examined.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the relationship between person-environment congruence and career search and decision-making self-efficacy for a sample of 200 women college students and find that the relationship is not only related to career search, but also to self-confidence.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between person-environment congruence and career search and decision- making self-efficacy for a sample of 200 women college students. Self...
TL;DR: This paper examined the degree of correspondence between the self-directed search (SDS) interest codes of Chinese high school students in Hong Kong (456 girls and 321 boys) and their choices of academic track, university majors, and career.
Abstract: This study examined the degree of correspondence between the Self-Directed Search (SDS) interest codes of Chinese high school students in Hong Kong (456 girls and 321 boys) and their choices of academic track, university majors, and career. Students in the Science track had higher Realistic and Investigative scores, and students in the Arts track had higher Artistic, Social, and Enterprising scores. The correspondence between the high-point interest code and tentative choices of university majors and career (i.e., hit rates) was generally lower than those reported by past research studies in the United States. There were also gender differences in the SDS scores as well as in the degree of choice congruence. The findings provided some support for the concurrent validity of the SDS for Chinese high school students. The implications of the results on the cross-cultural validity of the SDS are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assessed intergender differences in job search intensity and attitudes toward unemployment among a sample of 225 single, childless, young adult Israelis applying for their first job.
Abstract: The study assesses intergender differences in job search intensity and attitudes toward unemployment among a sample of 225 single, childless, young adult Israelis applying for their first job The findings revealed considerable gender differences in reasons for rejecting potential jobs Young women are more likely than young men to reject jobs due to adverse job conditions, family considerations, and masculine sex-typed employment In contrast, young men showed a greater tendency to reject potential jobs for only one reason, that is, feminine sex-typed employment In addition, women's nonfinancial commitment to work is higher than that of men, whereas the latter perceived unemployment as a most stigmatic situation The more popular job search strategies used by both men and women were answering ads by phone and asking friends about potential jobs No significant gender-based differences were found for job search intensity
TL;DR: A new approach to interest assessment, Kuder Career Search, is described in this article, which goes beyond the conventional homogeneous and criterion group sca... and is based on the third generation of the Kuder interest inventories.
Abstract: A new approach to interest assessment, Kuder Career Search, is described. The third generation of the Kuder interest inventories, it goes beyond the conventional homogeneous and criterion group sca...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated a 98-item multidimensional measure of six career-indecision factors and found that the indecision phenomenon is multi-dimensional and not restricted only to a need for career information.
Abstract: Career decision making is an important aspect of life. At some point, one must decide what type of job to apply for or whether to seek the education required for a specific career. Many individuals struggle with these decisions. However, multidimensional measures of uncertainty are needed in providing guidance to such persons, because it appears that the indecision phenomenon is multi dimensional and not restricted only to a need for career information. The present study evaluated a 98-item multidimensional measure of six career-indecision factors. Based on data provided by 539 college students, scale scores on the Career Assessment Diagnostic Inventory (CADI) had alpha coefficients ranging from .81 to .93 (M = .89). Factor analysis and convergent validity results were both supportive of a conclusion that CADI scores are valid.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the cultural equivalence of the construct of vocational identity, as measured by the Vocational Identity Scale of My Vocational Situation, through an examination of the equivalence between factor structures across two socioracial groups.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the cultural equivalence of the construct of vocational identity, as measured by the Vocational Identity Scale of My Vocational Situation, through an examination of the equivalence of factor structures across two socioracial groups. Specifically, this study is interested in the extent to which this instrument is able to demonstrate structural equivalence across samples of African American and White American students. Confirmatory factor analyses determined that a one-factor model, as suggested by Holland, Daiger, and Power, provided adequate fit for the African American and each of the two White American groups. However, a test of multigroup invariance indicated that the vocational identity factor structures were not equivalent across these groups. Implications for practice and research are discussed. In addition, the group invariance method of assessing cultural equivalence is critically examined.
TL;DR: In this article, the relation between variables of environmental congruence and group importance and variables of satisfaction and somatic complaints was examined, and the nonlinear examination of the relationships showed a significant (p <.05) main effect for group importance on satisfaction.
Abstract: The study examined the relation between variables of environmental congruence (or Person-environment fit; P-E fit) and group importance on the one hand and variables of satisfaction and somatic complaints on the other. Participants were 267 paratroopers who belonged to 35 units (environments). Both the diadic and the census methods were used to assign congruence scores. Findings showed (a) group importance correlated .55 and -.25 (p < .05) with satisfaction and somatic complaints, respectively, while congruence did not show significant correlations; (b) The nonlinear examination of the relationships showed a significant (p < .05) main effect for group importance on satisfaction and for the interaction of group importance and congruence both on satisfaction and on somatic complaints. It is suggested on the basis of these and earlier findings that group importance is a sufficient condition for satisfaction and that congruence interacts with it to enhance satisfaction. The superiority of the diadic method wa...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the vocational interests of 2,709 male and female high school students in Australia using a Rasch model of item responding, using a national probability sample of Australian youth Participants completed a 24-item questionnaire that reflected the vocational interest typology of Holland Item response analysis was used to determine the location of the four questions that comprised each of the vocational scales.
Abstract: The vocational interests of 2,709 male and female high school students in Australia were examined using a Rasch model of item responding The present study used a national probability sample of Australian youth Participants completed a 24-item questionnaire that reflected the vocational interest typology of Holland Item response analysis was used to determine the location of the four questions that comprised each of the vocational scales Scales and items conformed generally to the measurement model Infit mean squares centred on 10 and separability was satisfactory for all scales (085 to 099) except the Investigative scale The analysis of items using a Rasch model provided new information on how individuals responded to items and the complexity of responses within interest categories It is argued that simple raw scores or summing scores may not offer a valid basis for assessment of interests
TL;DR: In the third biennial review of career assessment research for the Journal of Career Assessment, this paper, the authors presented a review of the research advances demonstrated by the plethora of research conducted during the biennial period.
Abstract: This is the third biennial review of career assessment research for the Journal of Career Assessment; this article covers assessment research and affiliated topics from 1997 to 1998. The primary inclusion criterion was that the articles be research-based; in total, there were six inclusion criteria. Seven primary topics are addressed. This review covers the research advances demonstrated by the plethora of research conducted during the biennial period. Sections address new measurement tools, issues of career assessment, and special populations. The review concludes with a summary of the key advances in career assessment research and current trends in the career assessment literature.
TL;DR: In this article, a new generation of self-report methodology is reported that show patterns which differentiate between college majors and demonstrate that self-reported ability scores can differentiate between different majors.
Abstract: Ability scores derived from a new generation of self-report methodology are reported that show patterns which differentiate between college majors. Validation evidence based on job analysis data and self-report concurrent samples is presented.