Showing papers in "Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering in 2017"
TL;DR: In this paper, the equal area criterion method (EAC) is used to determine the stability of a power system if the fault occured and also the critical clearing time (Critical clearing time).
Abstract: One of methods that can be used to determine the stability of a power system if the fault occured is the equal area criterion method. The equal area criterion method (Equal Area Criterion, EAC) is an example of a direct method for predicting the stability and also the critical clearing time (Critical clearing time). However, to calculate the complex calculations required to determine the equivalent impedance of each condition system. In this study used several approaches to facilitate the calculation of the equivalent impedance. This method uses the equation of power losses. This method is equivalent impedance using modified with Ploss and Qloss for Determining Pmax. From the analysis, it can be concluded the use of this method is quite accurate in analyzing or calculating the transient stability of the generator system in South Sulawesi, with each loading condition, before, during and after short circuit. Generator being looked at is Bakaru, Pare, Suppa, Barru and Sengkang.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a good interconnection between Lightning Trap System (Lightnig System), Grounding Electronic Devices and Grounding System Power (Grounding System) in a building will get a reliable and safe Power System Power.
Abstract: - Terms of reliability and security is an absolute thing required in conducting the design of installation of Power System To obtain the reliability and safety of the use of Power on the Building there must be a good interconnection between Lightning System (Lightning System), Grounding of existing electronic devices in buildings and Grounding System Grounding (Grounding System) it The interconnection of the three systems is carried out on a Bar Plate located in the Control Room, with a good security indication value and a reliable system if at the point of Bar Plate located in the Control Room has a value below 1 Ω Using the Dwight formula in obtaining the earthing resistance value of the Electrical Power System on clay as an example shows the depth of Copper Rod 1 m has a value of 072 Ω So by doing a good interconnection between Lightning Trap System (Lightnig System), Grounding Electronic Devices and Grounding System Power (Grounding System) in a building will get a reliable and safe Power System Power
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article, simulated annealing algorithm (SAA) is used to optimize the location, sizing and number of distributed generators depending on power loss reduction and voltage profile improvement.
Abstract: Distributed Generation integration in electric power system is one of the options which give many benefits such that loss Reduction, peak saving, voltage profile improvement, stability and reliability improvement. The installation of DG units at non-optimal location can result in an increase in system losses, damaging voltage state. In this paper, simulated annealing Algorithm (SAA) techniqueis designed for optimally determining the location, sizing and numbers of distributed generations depending on power loss reduction and voltage profile improvement. The proposed technique is tested on IEEE 57- bus system to demonstrate the performance of the network after inserting the distributed generation in selected optimal location with optimal sizing. Results show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in reducing power losses, improving voltage profile.
9 citations
TL;DR: It has been shown that the proposed fault tolerant voter circuit works properly as a majority voter in different faulty conditions of a Triple Modular Redundant (TMR) system and in the presence of internal hardware failure (failure in transistor level) the voter circuit working properly.
Abstract: Defect rate in Nanoelectronics is much higher than conventional CMOS circuits. Hardware redundancy can be a suitable solution for fault tolerance in nano level. A voter circuit is a part of a redundancy based fault tolerant system that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of one or more faults within its components. Robustness of the voter circuit defines the reliability of the fault tolerant system. This paper provides simulation results and analysis of a fault tolerant voter circuit. In a Triple Modular Redundant (TMR) system, the robustness of the voter circuit has been improved. For this purpose, redundancy at transistor level has been added. In this technique each transistor of the various building blocks (Ex-OR gate, Multiplexer) of the voter circuit is replaced by a quadded-transistor structure. Quadded transistor structure provides built in immunity to all single defects as well as a large number of multiple defects. To evaluate the effectiveness of the voter circuit an IC layout in 90nm CMOS technology is developed. FPNI layout using qNAND hypercell is also designed and analysed. By simulation procedure it has been shown that the proposed fault tolerant voter circuit works properly as a majority voter in different faulty conditions of a TMR system. Moreover, it has been shown that in the presence of internal hardware failure (failure in transistor level) the voter circuit works properly.
9 citations
TL;DR: The analysis results show that the uncontrolled system produces a large overshoot oscillation, and after the addition of PSS oscillation control equipment can be muted, and the overshoot and settling time of each generator can be reduced and the generator can quickly go to steady state condition.
Abstract: - The problem of using Power System Stabilizer (PSS) in generator excitation is how to determine optimal PSS parameter. To overcome these problems, the authors use a method of intelligent bats based algorithm to design PSS. Bat Algorithm is an algorithm that works based on bat behavior in search of food source. Correlation with this research is, food sources sought by bats represent as PSS parameters to be optimized. Bat's algorithm will work based on a specified destination function, namely Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE). In this research will be seen the deviation of velocity and rotor angle of each generator, in case of disturbance in bakaru generator. The analysis results show that the uncontrolled system produces a large overshoot oscillation, and after the addition of PSS oscillation control equipment can be muted. So that the overshoot and settling time of each generator can be reduced and the generator can quickly go to steady state condition.
9 citations
TL;DR: Using FPGA for IoT is the limelight because it can process signals at its input pins, manipulate them, and give off signals on the output pins, and be deemed as a special purpose reprogrammable processor.
Abstract: Everything in its way to be computerized and most of the objects are coming to be smart in present days. Modern Internet of Thing (IoT) allows these objects to be on the network by using IoT platforms. IoT is a smart information society that consists of smart devices; these devices can communicate with each other without human's intervention. IoT systems require flexible platforms. Through the use of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), IoT devices can interface with the outside world easily with low power consumption, low latency, and best determinism. FPGAs provide System on Chip (SoC) technique due to FPGAs scalability which enables the designer to implement and integrate large number of hardware clocks at single chip. FPGA can be deemed as a special purpose reprogrammable processor since it can process signals at its input pins, manipulate them, and give off signals on the output pins. In this paper, using FPGA for IoT is the limelight.
8 citations
TL;DR: A new method for detecting the PQ disturbances via empirical wavelet transform (EWT) and Hilbert (HT) is proposed and presents more accurate results than the ST.
Abstract: With the increasingly penetration of nonlinear loads in the power system, power quality (PQ) has become a significant issue for the power utilities and end users. In order to improve the PQ, the PQ detection is essential. In this paper, a new method for detecting the PQ disturbances via empirical wavelet transform (EWT) and Hilbert (HT) is proposed. Firstly, EWT is applied to the signal for obtaining different modes. Then the instantaneous amplitude and frequency of each mode are calculated by using the HT. By applying it to two stationary signals and two non-stationary signals, the efficiency of the proposed method is evaluated. With no frequency aliasing like the S transform (ST), the proposed method presents more accurate results than the ST.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a coplanar symmetric dipole slot antenna with inverted-H slot is proposed for 0.9/1.575/2.4/5.0 GHz.
Abstract: A coplanar symmetric dipole slot antenna with inverted-H slot is proposed for 0.9/1.575/2.0/2.4/2.45/5.0 GHz wireless communication applications. The inverted-H slot is etched on the metallic layer of a single sided printed circuit board to form the coplanar dipole slot antenna. The dimensions of inverted-H slot are changed to design and fabricate the antenna which can be operated at 0.9/1.575/2.0/2.4/2.45/5.0 GHz successfully. We use IE3D software to design this dipole slot antenna and choose the better parameters to manufacture the proposed antenna. The influences of slot dimension parameters of the proposed antenna on resonant frequency, input reflection coefficient expressed in decibel and impedance bandwidth are described. The proposed antenna with the volume of 123mm×31mm×1.6mm has been fabricated. The measured result shows that the proposed antenna can be successfully operated at 0.9/1.575/2.0/2.4/2.45/5.0 GHz.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental model of light intensity measurement using independent measuring instrument with combination of LDR and Arduino uno consisting of transmitter and receiver is presented. And the system has successfully delivered telemetry measurement results with a range of conditions with a maximum distance of <28 m.
Abstract: Light is a propagation of electromagnetic waves that spread all directions that play an important role in everyday life because it is an absolute part of life and without the light of life on earth can not develop. The amount of light illuminance is necessary to know because basically humans require adequate lighting. The instrument for measuring light illuminance is a luxmeter or light meter. However, this gauge is difficult to obtain and the price of the tool is expensive so that it can only be found in certain school laboratories or colleges. While telemetry is the process of measuring the parameters of an object (objects, space, natural conditions) that the measurement results are transmitted to other places via data transmission without or using a cable (wireless). The purpose of this study is to measure, to know the conditions of light intensity. This research uses experimental model of light intensity measurement using independent measuring instrument with combination of LDR and Arduino uno consisting of transmitter and receiver. In the transmitter there are LDR, Arduino Uno, and RF Module Board 433 MHz components, while the receiver consists of Arduino Uno, laptop, and RF Module Board 433 MHz. In this design is also done a variety of testing tools using distance variables. Overall this tool is working well. The system has successfully delivered telemetry measurement results with a range of conditions without a wall barrier with a maximum distance of <28 m. And conditions there are obstacles diding with a maximum distance <13.2.
7 citations
TL;DR: Reconfiguring a distribution network is necessary to reduce power loss and increase system reliability and this method can later use other artificial intelligence or be applied to other repeater, thus reducing the losses of electrical energy.
Abstract: Reconfiguring a distribution network is necessary to reduce power loss and increase system reliability.Different distribution forms will affect the large power losses so that it is necessary to reset the network configuration.Reconfiguration is done by opening and closing switches on the best distribution network.The amount of feeder and bus on the network will be difficult and require a very long time if calculated manually.The repeater of Tanjung Rayon Jombang consists of 41 Buses and 44 feeders.Therefore it is necessary to solve the problem by using artificial intelligence or Artificial Intelligent (AI).Firefly Algorithms (FA) widely used research in solving the optimization problem.Modified Firefly Algorithms (MFA) is an FA modification designed to solve discrete combination optimization problems.MFAs can search for the best network reconfiguration so that it can reduce 12,0866 kWatt or 12,6881% in Cape repeater.With the end voltage before reconfiguration 0.92959 pu to 0.94072 pu.This method can later use other artificial intelligence or can be applied to other repeater, thus reducing the losses of electrical energy.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted a field survey to find out and identify the components of the residential electrical load ratios and qualitative change in the months of the year in the city of Mosul in northern Iraq.
Abstract: The residential electrical load in the city of Mosul as well as in most of cities in Iraq, is the major problem for the administration of electricity distribution. Since this kind of load is increasing drastically compared with other loads such as industrial, agricultural tourism and others which are declining for the last two decades due to unstable condition of the county. The residential electrical load components must be determined to solve the problems resulting from the significant increase in this load. This research aims to conduct a field survey to find out and identify the components of the residential electrical load ratios and qualitative change in the months of the year. The survey was conducted in the city of Mosul in northern Iraq. The results were analyzed, and a number of recommendations were given to rationalize consumption.
TL;DR: A safety panel automation power distribution control system using a microcontroller so that fire outbreaks due to high temperatures or sparks as well as the expected rate of fire outbreaks can be prevented.
Abstract: Panel system power distribution at Lippo Plaza Mall Sidoarjo consists of several parts, namely from Cubicle 20 KV, 20 KV step-down transformer for 380 V, then the supply to LVMDP (Low Voltage Main Distribution Panel) The new panel to the user. Before delivery to users to note that the power factor is corrected using a capacitor bank. Less good a power factor is turned into inductive load on the capacitor bank so that temperatures high because of high load resulting capacitor bank erupt. To overcome in this study proposes a safety panel automation power distribution control system using a microcontroller. Control system microcontrollers for safety panel power distribution consists of: Microcontroller (Arduino Nano), Light sensor (LDR), temperature sensor (LM35DZ), LCD 16x2 I2C, Actuators (fan, buzzer, relay switch breaker network three phase), switch ( relay 5 VDC), ADC as Input data. The working principle of this microcontroller LM35DZ if the sensor detects a high temperature fan will flash, if the LDR sensor detects sparks then the buzzer will sound as a warning sign of the dangers and disconnected the electricity network. From the design of a safety tool for power distribution panels due to high temperatures or sparks as well as the expected rate of fire outbreaks can be prevented.
TL;DR: MICA can find the best network reconfiguration so that it can reduce power loss by 35,7928% and fix voltage 0,0185 pu and can be used for recommendations to PT.
Abstract: The reconfiguration distribution network is used to reset the network configuration form by opening and closing switches on the distribution network. Reconfiguration is expected to reduce power losses and improve distribution system reliability. Many feeders and buses on the network if calculated manually will be difficult and require a very long time. So the solution of the problem must use artificial intelligence or Artificial Intelligent (AI). Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) widely used research in solving the optimization problem. Some studies comparing ICA with other artificial intelligence and ICA produce better results than other artificial intelligence. MICA is an ICA modification designed to solve a discrete combination of optimizations. MICA can find the best network reconfiguration so that it can reduce power loss by 35,7928% and fix voltage 0,0185 pu. This method can later use other artificial intelligence or can be applied to other repeater. So it can be used for recommendations to PT. PLN (Persero)
TL;DR: In this paper, an efficient non-interactive deniable authentication scheme is presented by combining the Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol with authenticated encryption schemes, which is shown to be secure in the standard model without bilinear groups.
Abstract: Deniable authentication protocols enable a sender to authenticate a message to a receiver such that the receiver is unable to prove the identity of the sender to a third party. In contrast to interactive schemes, non-interactive deniable authentication schemes improve communication efficiency. Currently, several non-interactive deniable authentication schemes have been proposed with provable security in the random oracle model. In this paper, we study the problem of constructing non-interactive deniable authentication scheme secure in the standard model without bilinear groups. An efficient non-interactive deniable authentication scheme is presented by combining the Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol with authenticated encryption schemes. We prove the security of our scheme by sequences of games and show that the computational cost of our construction can be dramatically reduced by applying pre-computation technique.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the current density in the earth surrounding measurement electrodes and electrical grounding systems and discuss the effects of soil structures on measurements and grounding related studies, including the influence of nearby buried grounding systems on soil resistivity measurements.
Abstract: The design of electrical grounding systems is crucial to ensure people's safety and equipment integrity. The performance of the grounding system is critically dependent on the characteristics of the local soil surrounding the grounding system. Some wrong concepts and assumptions on soil electrical properties are still prevalent among professionals regarding soil resistivity measurements and grounding designs. The objective of this paper is to examine the current density in the earth surrounding measurement electrodes and electrical grounding systems and discuss the effects of soil structures on measurements and grounding related studies. The analyses described here are based on electromagnetic field theory. First, this paper examines soil resistivity measurements using the Wenner method in three typical, but different soil structure models, by exploring the distribution of earth current density in the soil surrounding the current injection electrodes. The computed results are illustrated using appropriate plots to understand better the influence of soil structure and characteristics on the current penetration across the soil layers. Furthermore, a detailed study on the influence of nearby buried grounding systems on soil resistivity measurements was also carried out. Finally, the performance of grounding systems in the three soil structure models has been studied in order to gain an intuitive understanding of the effects of soil structures on grounding. The results clarify and invalidate some misleading arguments used by a few practicians. All computed results are summarized in appropriate tables and figures which should provide helpful visual clues and useful information when planning soil resistivity measurements and designing electrical grounding systems.
TL;DR: In this paper, a numerical analysis for the effect of temperature variations on the strain response of polymer optical fiber (POF) Bragg gratings is presented, which shows that the dependence of the Bragg wavelength (λB) upon strain and temperature variations lies within the range of 0.462 − 0.470 fm με °C.
Abstract: This paper presents a numerical analysis for the effect of temperature variations on the strain response of polymer optical fiber (POF) Bragg gratings. Results show that the dependence of the Bragg wavelength (λB) upon strain and temperature variations for the POF Bragg gratings is lies within the range of 0.462 – 0.470 fm με °C compare with 0.14 – 0.15 fm με °C for the SOFs Bragg gratings. Also, results show that the strain response for the POF Bragg gratings changed on average by 1.034 ± 0.02fm με °C and on average by 0.36 ± 0.03fm με°C for the silica optical fiber (SOF) Bragg gratings. The obtained results are very important for strain sensor applications especially in the environments where the temperature change.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a new compact broadband planar slot antenna for multi-antenna transmission in 5G, which is based on on the microstrip line combined with a slot technique and a modified geometry antenna in order to enlarge the bandwidth and adapt the impedance.
Abstract: Multi-antenna transmission already plays an important role in current generations of mobile communication and will be even more central in the 5G, due to the physical limitations of small antennas. Path loss between a transmitter and receiver does not change as a function of frequency, as long as the effective aperture of the transmitting and receiving antennas does not change. The antenna aperture does reduce in proportion to the square of the frequency, and that reduction can be compensated by the use of higher antenna directivity. The 5G radio will employ hundreds of antenna elements to increase antenna aperture beyond what may be possible with current cellular technology. This paper presents a new compact broadband planar slot antenna for such kind of wireless communication applications. To develop this structure we have conducted a design based on on the microstrip line combined with a slot technique and a modified geometry antenna in order to enlarge the bandwidth and adapting the impedance thus minimizing distortion in order to avoid high crosstalk and radiation. The proposed antennas have been successfully designed, optimized, miniaturized and simulated by using Momentum software integrated into ADS ”Advanced Design System” and CADFEKO. The final broadband antennas are operating in 9.84GHz on ADS and 9.5 GHz on FEKO respectively with a return loss less than -10dB.
TL;DR: This work uses the edge detection and the principle of camera imaging, and runs the test in MATLAB to get the method of finding the region of interest quickly and can reduce the retrieval area and shorten the retrieval time in pedestrian detection.
Abstract: In pedestrian detection based on car video, it is necessary to quickly and accurately detect pedestrians. However, in the past the method that people used is exhaustive search. The method needs to detect all the areas in the picture, which is a waste of time. Based on the purpose of reducing the area to be tested, we use the edge detection and the principle of camera imaging, and run the test in MATLAB to get the method of finding the region of interest quickly. This method can reduce the retrieval area and shorten the retrieval time. The method can meet the requirements of real-time in pedestrian detection. Compared with the exhaustive search method, the number of windows that the method requires is 1/33 of the number of windows that the exhaustive search method requires. The detection speed of this method is several times higher than that of the exhaustive search method. It can be seen that the method is effective.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors quantify the energy loss due to snow on solar photovoltaic systems and demonstrate a 9% loss in energy yield per year in absence of bypass diodes.
Abstract: The objective of this study is to quantify the energy loss due to snow on solar photovoltaic systems. Solar photovoltaic systems in cold temperatures have an advantage over warmer regions due to improved efficiencies. However, colder regions generally receive a significant amount of snow, which may hinder the energy output of the photovoltaic systems. For this experimental research, a solar photovoltaic system was set up in Calgary, Canada to analyze and quantify the energy losses due to snow. This research demonstrates a 9% loss in energy yield per year due to snow accumulation in absence of bypass diodes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a new strategy for power quality improvement in a three-phase grid connected PV Inverter with central and string configuration and controlling on them using Sinusoidal pulse width modulation and space vector modulation methods with LCL Filter.
Abstract: The High Penetration of PV power into the existing electricity grid needs more study and analysis to enable safe operation. One of the major concerns is the impact of PV system on grid power quality .Poor power quality could cause disturbance and financial losses due to the use of power inverters. Harmonic distortion is a serious power quality problem that reduces power quality and consequently causes a number of problems to consumer and network. This Paper proposes a new strategy for power quality improvement in a three-phase grid connected PV Inverter with central and string configuration and controlling on them using Sinusoidal pulse width modulation and space vector modulation methods with LCL Filter .This paper investigates PV Inverter configuration and impact of them on PV Plant Performance and harmonics that produced by PV inverter. The design, modeling, and analysis of a grid-tied PV system were performed in the PSCAD software simulation environment. The simulations of Harmonic Distortion (Total Demand Distortion & Total Harmonic Distortion) were applied at Point of Coming Coupling and the results obtained were compared with the limits specified by IEEE STD 519-1992 standards.
TL;DR: In this paper, two previously unknown laws of energy efficiency invariance are established in the field of multiphase (i.e. having the number of phases more than four) AC inverter drives.
Abstract: The study of AC inverter drives in the case when the number of their phases is more than four allows to find out some basic laws of these systems which does not manifest themselves when the phase number is equal to three or four. Two previously unknown laws of energy efficiency invariance are established in the field of multiphase (i.e. having the number of phases more than four) AC inverter drives. These laws ignoring leads necessarily to the decrease of the multiphase drive system energy efficiency.
TL;DR: It can be concluded that the effective distance of data transmission depends on the obstacle, the farthest distance is the moment without obstacles, then decreases when there is a hitch, and will decrease again when one receiver or transmitter is placed in a closed room.
Abstract: In the 20th century this distance is still a constraint in efforts to measure and retrieve data In an efficiency effort, a long distance measuring device is required One method to measure from a distance is to use the Telemetry method Telemetry is a method for measuring a variable in which monitoring is done remotely The use of telemetry can be used to transmit data from the flowmeter sensor to be received by the receiver This study discusses the effect of obstacles on transmitter work to send data to the receiver and test the accuracy of the flowmeter sensor From this study it can be concluded that the effective distance of data transmission depends on the obstacle, the farthest distance is the moment without obstacles, then decreases when there is a hitch, and will decrease again when one receiver or transmitter is placed in a closed room And for the accuracy of the sensor, the percentage of accuracy is low at the time of the slow water current, and vice versa high accuracy is obtained when the water current is fast Based on the research we poured in this journal, water flow measurements using RF Arduino-based 433MHz Modules can measure the flow of water at a distance of up to 35meter with an average error of only 41%
TL;DR: In this article, it has been shown that inductor using Al nano-polycrystalline substance with low volume resistivity, which is the same order of metal, works at low frequencies below 500 Hz, while inductor with substance with high volume resistivities works at high frequency of 5 MHz.
Abstract: It has showed in experiments that aluminum nano-polycrystalline substances are ferromagnetic. A magnetic hysteresis curve measured by SQUID suggested the ferromagnetism. Al bulk is normally thought to be non-magnetic body. Authors also fabricated core inductors using Al nano-polycrystalline substances and measured the inductances of cored inductors with frequency dependence. Al nano-polycrystalline substance was fabricated by sintering Al nanopaste with Al nanoparticles. Al nanoparticles were prepared by using laser ablation in liquid. The structures and components of the sintered Al nano-polycrystalline substances were analyzed by SEM and EDX. It has been shown that inductor using Al nano-polycrystalline substance with low volume resistivity, which is the same order of metal, works at low frequencies below 500 Hz, while inductor using substance with high volume resistivity works at high frequency of 5 MHz. Our analysis of Al nano-polycrystalline substance with high volume resistivity revealed relative permittivity of 7 at frequency of 1 MHz. It has been expected that these inductors to work at frequency of a few GHz because the magnetic resonance frequency of the Al nano-polycrystalline substances were evaluated to be 5.6 GHz and the high volume resistivity results in suppressing the eddy currents.
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of MPDRs regarding the quality of input/output voltage and currents is analyzed for aircraft systems (400Hz), and power grid systems (60Hz).
Abstract: This article analyzes thoroughly the performance of the Multi-Pulse Diode Rectifiers (MPDRs) regarding the quality of input/output voltage and currents. Two possible arrangements of MPDRs are investigated: series and parallel. The impact of the DC side connection on the performance of the MPDRs regarding the operation parameters and rectifier indices are comprehensively examined. Detailed analytical formulas are advised to identify clearly the key variables that control the operation of MPDRs. Moreover, comprehensive simulation results are presented to quantify the performance and validate the analytical analysis. Test-rig is set up to recognize the promising arrangement of MPDRs. Significant correlation is there between simulation and practical results. The analytical results are presented for aircraft systems (400Hz), and power grid systems (60Hz). This is to study the impact of voltage and frequency levels on the topology type of MPDRs. In general, each topology shows merits and have limitations.
TL;DR: In this paper, the structure of 4.6GHz/6MW LHCD-HVPS and its transient operation state when its klystron load has short circuit fault was analyzed and calculated in detail.
Abstract: 4.6GHz/6MW Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD) is one of plasma current heating methods for Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). High Voltage Power Supply (HVPS) is the power supply subsystem of 4.6GHz/6MW LHCD system, which was designed, built and accepted successfully by Chinese National Development and Reform Commission in 2015. Then the new system has been in use for the 2015 EAST campaign. This paper presents the structure of 4.6GHz/6MW LHCD-HVPS and its transient operation state when its klystron load has short circuit fault. In order to protect the klystron and HVPS itself, the short-circuit fault and its transient process are analyzed and calculated in detail. And a three-electrode gas switch has been built to eliminate the short-circuit fault in microseconds. In addition, the effectiveness of the three-electrode gas switch has been verified by simulation and experiment result. The HVPS has been used in 4.6GHz/6MW LHCD system and it has good performance for the entire 2015 EAST campaign.
TL;DR: In this paper, a PSO optimization technique is used to adjust the control variables elements: generator voltage magnitude, active power of PV buses, VAR of shunt capacitor banks and the position of transformers tap with satisfied the limit of the state variables (load voltages, generator reactive power and the active power) to reach the peak prospect voltage stable loading with acceptable voltage profile.
Abstract: The continuously ever-growing demand for the electrical power causing the continuous expansion and complexity of power systems, environmental and economic factors forcing the system to work near the critical limits of stability, so research's stability have become research areas worthy of attention in the resent day. The present work includes two phases: The first one is to determine the Voltage Stability Index for the more insensitive load bus to the voltage collapse in an interconnected power system using fast analyzed method based on separate voltage and current for PQ buses from these of PV buses, while the second phase is to suggested a simulated optimization technique for optimal voltage stability profile all around the power system. The optimization technique is used to adjust the control variables elements: Generator voltage magnitude, active power of PV buses, VAR of shunt capacitor banks and the position of transformers tap with satisfied the limit of the state variables (load voltages, generator reactive power and the active power of the slack bus). These control variables are main effect on the voltage stability profile to reach the peak prospect voltage stable loading with acceptable voltage profile. An optimized voltage collapse based on Particle Swarm Optimization has been tested on both of the IEEE 6 bus system and the Iraqi Extra High Voltage 400 kV Grid 28 bus. To ensure the effectiveness of the optimization technique a comparison between the stability indexes for load buses before and after technical application are presented. Simulation results have been executed using Matlab software). Keyword: Voltage Stability Indicator; voltage collapse; Stability of Extra High Voltage Grid; PSO optimization technique.