Showing papers in "Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology in 1977"
TL;DR: Age, temperature and rate of straining have a marked effect on the strength of the cement, while the addition of small quantities of antibiotics only marginally weakens the cement.
Abstract: The mechanical properties of a number of commercially available bone cements have been investigated. Tests were carried out on specimens in compression, in bending and in tension. Using the compression test as a standard, the effects of the following variables were studied: the addition of antibiotics, strain rate, environmental temperature, and age. It was concluded that age, temperature and rate of straining have a marked effect on the strength of the cement, while the addition of small quantities of antibiotics only marginally weakens the cement.
72Â citations
TL;DR: The first part of this article on the physical properties of titanium was published in the July issue of this journal.
Abstract: The first part of this article on the physical properties of titanium was published in the July issue of this journal.
69Â citations
TL;DR: The scientific basis for the use of titanium and its alloys in implant surgery is reviewed, including the structural metallurgy, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility.
Abstract: The scientific basis for the use of titanium and its alloys in implant surgery is reviewed, including the structural metallurgy, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. The clinical applications are discussed in relation to orthopaedic, oral, plastic and reconstructive and cardiovascular surgery.
54Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed Titanium as a metal for implantation and showed that it can be used for a variety of applications, such as medical implantation, surgery, etc.
Abstract: (1977). Titanium as a metal for implantation. Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 202-202.
45Â citations
TL;DR: A detailed account of present work with single- and multi-channel stimulation of paralysed legs is given, as well as some research data on upper extremity stimulation.
Abstract: Functional electrical stimulation of the extremities (FES) is a new method for the rehabilitation of paralysed paretic patients. Small, electronic stimulators are worn by the patient, who can voluntarily control the electrical currents applied to his paralysed muscle. These currents activate the disabled extremities and make them at least partially functional once more. This paper presents a short history of FES and discusses recent advances and problems in the field. A detailed account of present work with single- and multi-channel stimulation of paralysed legs is given, as well as some research data on upper extremity stimulation.
33Â citations
TL;DR: An ion selective electrode is developed to provide rapid results on whole blood samples and the method is used to monitor continuously plasma levels.
Abstract: In the management of patients in the intensive care unit a measurement of potassium is required more frequently than any other plasma electrolyte. We have developed an ion selective electrode to provide rapid results on whole blood samples and have used the method to monitor continuously plasma levels.
30Â citations
25Â citations
TL;DR: A system for the quantitative assessment of spinal stress during manual materials handling has been developed using radio pressure pills and is applicable to both laboratroy and field use for establishing safe general handling procedures and defining safe maximum loads.
Abstract: A system for the quantitative assessment of spinal stress during manual materials handling has been developed. This has been achieved using radio pressure pills and is applicable to both laboratory and field use for establishing safe general handling procedures and defining safe maximum loads.
25Â citations
22Â citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an externally powered controlled complete arm prosthesis was presented, which was used for the first time in the field of prosthesis repair, and was shown to have good performance.
Abstract: (1977). An externally powered controlled complete arm prosthesis. Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology: Vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 275-277.
18Â citations
TL;DR: A method of gait analysis is described which uses two-dimensional cinephotography, two glass platforms for 6-component force measurements of floor reactions and electromyography transmitted by radiotelemetry.
Abstract: A method of gait analysis is described which uses two-dimensional cinephotography, two glass platforms for 6-component force measurements of floor reactions and electromyography transmitted by radiotelemetry. It is used regularly on all patients needing lower extremity surgery for neurogenic gait disorders as a basis for planning and control of treatment. The cinephotographic pictures make the records easy to understand, a primary requirement for clinical use.
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TL;DR: This is the second of three articles in which the present state of joint replacement will be reviewed, and representatives of the designs now used at the various joints which are replaced in clinical practice are described.
Abstract: This is the second of three articles in which the present state of joint replacement will be reviewed. The first article was concerned with the historical development and with features common to ail joints, such as the materials and manufacturing techniques now used. The second describes representatives of the designs now used at the various joints which are replaced in clinical practice, and the third will discuss the problems now apparent and the trends in development and practice.
TL;DR: A data reduction technique is presented which enables the patterns of cardiac rhythm inherent in a long-term ECG recording to be described in a concise fashion.
Abstract: A data reduction technique is presented which enables the patterns of cardiac rhythm inherent in a long-term ECG recording to be described in a concise fashion. The method consists in combining an R-R interval difference histogram, which gives information about the detailed structure of cardiac rhythm patterns, with an R-R interval histogram, which concisely describes the trends in heart rate over a period. Examples of the histogram patterns corresponding to some common cardiac rhythms are presented. The histograms can be treated mathematically to yield information which is useful in assessing the long-term effects of drugs and in classifying disorders of cardiac rhythm.
TL;DR: The use of piezoelectric transducers (quartz crystals, 1.5 mm thick) to monitor quantitatively biting forces in humans is reported on.
Abstract: A wide variety of instruments have been developed for oral force monitoring. Most of the instruments, however, have employed bite elements which were too thick for measurement of biting forces when the teeth are nearly in contact and probably stretched the stomatognathic muscular system beyond its maximum power of contraction. This paper reports on the use of piezoelectric transducers (quartz crystals, 1.5 mm thick) to monitor quantitatively biting forces in humans.
TL;DR: One of the major requirements of the medical consultant treating paraplegic patients is to have them upright for at least a few hours a day associated, if possible with some physical exercise.
Abstract: One of the major requirements of the medical consultant treating paraplegic patients is to have them upright for at least a few hours a day associated, if possible with some physical exercise. This paper deals with the construction and operation of an appliance which makes this possible.
TL;DR: The results of research into the problem of paralysed patients unable to sit down and stand up while wearing a walking appliance are recorded and a relatively straight forward solution is given.
Abstract: The use of an effective walking appliance enables a paralysed patient to achieve useful mobility. If, however, he is unable to sit down and stand up while wearing the appliance, its usefulness is much reduced as he is prevented from using his wheelchair. This paper records the results of research into this problem and gives details of a relatively straight forward solution.
TL;DR: The performance of a total hip prosthesis is considered in terms of reliability and the goal of increasing prosthesis lifetime must be shared between the surgeon and manufacturer.
Abstract: The performance of a total hip prosthesis is considered in terms of reliability. The causes requiring removal of the prosthesis are considered and methods of avoiding these difficulties are outlined. It is pointed out that most attention must be focused on the areas of low reliability. The goal of increasing prosthesis lifetime must be shared between the surgeon and manufacturer.
TL;DR: Indications were obtained that the BK amputee with a PTB prosthesis system is capable of performing industrial tasks of "moderate" grade.
Abstract: This study was undertaken to assess the effects of certain common modes of load carrying by hand in the BK amputee-PTB prosthesis system. The energy costs of a test group consisting of BK amputees using PTB prostheses were compared to those of a control group made up of normal able-bodied individuals and the difference between the two groups was observed to be more marked when walking was performed on the level with load in one hand only in comparison with the both-hand carrying conditions. Single handed load carrying by either hand did not seem to make any observable difference. Stair ascending with equal load in both hands did not produce any appreciable difference between the two groups. Indications were obtained that the BK amputee with a PTB prosthesis system is capable of performing industrial tasks of "moderate" grade.
TL;DR: Current methods of assessing the resistance to flow offered by heart valves in patients are unsatisfactory and a measure of energy or power loss per unit flow was likely to be of more use.
Abstract: The paper deals with reasons why current methods of assessing the resistance to flow offered by heart valves in patients are unsatisfactory. A theoretical and simulation study suggested that a measure of energy or power loss per unit flow was likely to be of more use and subsequent clinical investigations have confirmed this. The computation can be readily carried out in a hard-wired parallel hybrid module for operating theatre or catheter laboratory use.
TL;DR: An experimental system, in which the insulating effect of subcutaneous fat thickness could be simulated, was designed to test the deep body thermometer (DBT), and a mathematical model showed that the cyclically varying output of the device is an inherent property of its design.
Abstract: The assessment of a non-invasive technique for measuring deep body temperature is described. An experimental system, in which the insulating effect of subcutaneous fat thickness could be simulated, was designed to test the deep body thermometer (DBT). The assumption that the instrument produced zero temperature gradient was found to be incorrect, and a mathematical model was developed which showed that the cyclically varying output of the device is an inherent property of its design. The accuracy and response time were investigated as a function of tissue thickness to assess the instrument's clinical usefulness.
TL;DR: Some of the sensory aids available to blind and visually impaired people and some current areas of research on devices for mobility, reading and vision substitution are made reference.
Abstract: This article discusses some of the sensory aids available to blind and visually impaired people and makes reference to some current areas of research on devices for mobility, reading and vision substitution.
TL;DR: The present state of joint replacement will be reviewed, with the historical development and with features common to all joints, such as the materials and manufacturing techniques now used.
Abstract: This is the first of three articles in which the present state of joint replacement will be reviewed. The first article is concerned with the historical development and with features common to all joints, such as the materials and manufacturing techniques now used. The second will describe representatives of the designs now used at the various joints which are replaced in clinical practice, and the third will discuss the problems now apparent and the trends in development and practice.