Showing papers in "journal of new results in science in 2016"

On the track of Artificial Intelligence: Learning with Intelligent Personal Assistants

Abstract: In a technology dominated world, useful and timely information can be accessed quickly via Intelligent Personal Assistants (IPAs). By the use of these assistants built into mobile operating systems, daily electronic tasks of a user can be accomplished 24/7. Such tasks like taking dictation, getting turn-by-turn directions, vocalizing email messages, reminding daily appointments, setting reminders, responding any factual questions and invoking apps can be completed by IPAs such as Apple’s Siri , Google Now and Microsoft Cortana. The mentioned assistants programmed within Artificial Intelligence (AI) do create an interaction between human and computer through a natural language used in digital communication. In this regard, the overall purpose of this study is to examine the potential use of IPAs that use advanced cognitive computing technologies and Natural Language Processing (NLP) for learning. To achieve this purpose, the working system of IPAs is reviewed briefly within the scope of AI that has recently become smarter to predict, comprehend and carry out multi-step and complex requests of users.

Analysis of nomofobic behaviors of adolescents regarding various factors

Abstract: Although the developments in technology have made our lives and daily activities easier, it is believed that problematic and excessive use of technology could have some negative effects on people. One of these negative effects is the prevalence of nomophobia, which is considered as a new phobia in recent years. Nomophobia is defined as the fear and anxiety when an individual cannot access his or her mobile/smart phone or cannot have the chance to communicate online and offline via mobile devices. Nomophobic tendencies can change individuals’ daily habits. Negative emotions due to nomophobic tendencies like fear and anxiety especially in young people is thought to affect their school lives and academic achievements. The purpose of this research is to analyze the prevalence of nomophobia among high school students regarding various factors. The Nomophobia Scale (NMP-Q), which was used in this study, was developed by Yildirim and Correia (2015), and adapted into Turkish by Yildirim, Sumuer, Adnan and Yildirim (2015). The study group consists of 475 high school students attending six different schools situated in diverse socio-economic areas in Izmir and Edirne in 2015-2016 education year. The study was conducted in survey model and descriptive statistics. T-test for independent samples and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques were used at the analysis stage. According to the findings, mean scores obtained from the scale demonstrated that the levels of nomophobic behaviors of high school students were above the average. Besides, female students have higher nomophobia levels compared to male students in terms of gender variable and a significant difference was found in terms of the duration of mobile internet usage. A significant difference could not be found in terms of the variables such as grade, parents’ education levels, and the duration of smartphone usage. Furthermore, the study has revealed that high school students use their smartphones and mobile internet largely for social networks, music, communication, photographs, education, research, games and videos.

The effects of science-technology-engineering-math (STEM) integration on 5th grade students’ perceptions and attitudes towards these areas Fen-teknoloji-mühendislik-matematik entegrasyonunun (STEM) 5. sınıf öğrencilerinin bu alanlarla ilgili algı ve tutumlarına etkisi

Abstract: Science-Technology-Engineering-Math provide a basis to multiple disciplines. Nowadays STEM is a popular approach that consist of teaching Science-Technology-Engineering-Math in an interdisciplinary way. This research is conducted to study the effects of the integration of STEM on the attitude and perception of 5th grade students. In this research the quasi-experimental design with a pretest - posttest was conducted. The study group of the study in consist of 5th grade students who receive education in Istanbul. The control group consisted of 27 students and experimental group 28 students. In the research ‘STEM Perception Test’ and ‘STEM Attitude Test’ were used a quantitative data collecting device. For the ‘STEM Perception Test’ in the reliability analysis it was designated that the Cronbach Alpha worths of the test’s sub-dimensions changed between 0,703 and 0,892. For ‘STEM Attitude Test’ in the reliability analysis it was designated that the Cronbach Alpha worths of the test’s sub-dimensions changed between 0,786 and 0,900. In the control group the activities based on inquiry activities in the science books of Ministry of National Education were practiced and in the experimental group in addition to these activities the STEM activities developed by the researchers were practiced. In the research it was concluded that STEM activities developed the students’ perceptions and attitudes in these area. In the research it is regarded being development especially on engineering, technology, career areas in the perception test; and on science, engineering-technology areas in the attitude test. According to this results practicing of the STEM training was proposed to the teachers, researchers and the program makers. Ozet Gunumuzde one cikan STEM egitimi, bircok disipline temel olusturan Fen-Teknoloji-Muhendislik-Matematik alanlarinin disiplinlerarasi yaklasimla ogretilmesi fikrine dayanmaktadir. Bu arastirmada Fen-Teknoloji-Muhendislik-Matematik entegrasyonunun (STEM) ortaokul 5. sinif ogrencilerinin bu alanlarla ilgili algi ve tutumlarina etkisinin incelenmesi amaclanmistir. Arastirmada ontest-sontest kontrol gruplu yari deneysel desen kullanilmistir. Kontrol grubu 27, deney grubu ise 28 ogrenciden olusmustur. Arastirmada nicel veri toplama araci olarak ‘STEM Algi Testi’ ve ‘STEM Tutum Testi’ kullanilmistir. ‘STEM Algi Testi’ icin yapilan guvenirlik analizinde testin alt boyutlarinin Cronbach Alpha degerlerinin 0,703 ile 0,892 arasinda degistigi belirlenmistir. ‘STEM Tutum Testi’ yapilan guvenirlik analizinde testin alt boyutlarinin Cronbach Alpha degerlerinin 0,786 ile 0,900 arasinda degistigi belirlenmistir. Arastirmanin uygulamasinda kontrol grubunda MEB tarafindan onerilen Fen Bilimleri ders kitabindaki sorgulamaya dayali etkinlikler uygulanirken, deney grubunda ise bu etkinliklere ilave olarak arastirmacilar tarafindan gelistirilen STEM etkinlikleri uygulanmistir. Arastirmada STEM etkinliklerinin ogrencilerin bu alanlarla ilgili algi ve tutumlarini gelistirdigi sonucuna varilmistir. Algi testinde ozellikle muhendislik, teknoloji, kariyer; tutum testinde ise ozellikle fen, muhendislik-teknoloji alanlarinda gelisme oldugu tespit edilmistir. Bu sonuc isiginda STEM egitiminin uygulanisi ile ilgili ogretmenler, arastirmacilar ve program hazirlayicilara onerilerde bulunulmustur.

Street food consumption in terms of the food safety and health

Abstract: Foods and beverages which are prepared and sold by the sellers on places like streets, festival areas and consumed by the consumers on the run are known as street food. These foods are alternatives to homemade food and are more affordable when compared with the food supplied at the restaurants. The areas where the street food are mostly critised and seen as a threat for health are that the places where they are produced and sold are open to dirt and contamination and that hygiene, attitude, and applications adopted by the sellers during the preparation and storage of the food are insufficient. As a descriptive research, this study aims to provide information on street food consumption with general specifications of street food, the reasons why they are preferred, and general conditions like hygiene, quality, and safety.

Examination of the effects of STEM education integrated as a part of science, technology, society and environment courses

Abstract: This study was carried out to determine the view of prospective teachers with regard to STEM education given in Science, Technology, Society and Environment course and the effects of STEM education on prospective teachers’ attitudes towards renewable energy sources and awareness of environment problems. The study was carried out in 2014-2015 academic year with 76 prospective science teachers. In the study, mixed method research design, which employs qualitative and quantitative research methods together, has been used. As a data collection tool “Sensitivity to Environment Problems Scale”, “Attitude Scale for Renewable Energy Resources” and “Semi-structured Interview Form” developed by the researcher were used. Data obtained as a result of content analysis were coded. As a result of analysis of the study, it was determined that prospective teachers’ attitudes towards renewable energy resources were positively affected but there was no change in their level of awareness of environmental problems.

Effect of demographic features to middle school students’ attitude towards FeTeMM (STEM)

Abstract: In this research, which is done in order to determine the demographical features on middle school students’ 6 th , 7 th and 8 th grades towards FeTeMM (STEM), scanning design is used. It is performed with 581 middle school students, and data are collected through Middle School Students’ point of view to Stem (S-Stem) scale. The research is implemented during 2015-2016 spring period. For statistical evaluation of gathered data, independent t-test and one direction variance analysis (anova), one direction variance analysis Kruskal-Wallis are used. Also, data are evaluated on 0.05 level relevance and its percentage, frequency, average and standard deviation levels are calculated. According to findings gathered from the study, it is seen that opinion of students to FeTeMM (STEM), the mother education level and father education level have a great effect but gender and class level haven’t. On the other hand, applied sciences, like maths, engineering and 21st century skills, the effects of students’ gender, mom and father education level and grade level are expressed.

Temperature and Solar Radiation Effects on Photovoltaic Panel Power

Abstract: Solar energy is converted to electrical energy directly by semi-conductors materials used in Photovoltaic (PV) panels. Although, there has been great advancements in semi-conductor material technology in recent years panel efficiency is very lower. There are many factors affecting the panel efficiency such as tilt angle, shading, dust, solar radiation level, temperature and wiring losses. Among these factors, solar radiation level and temperature are more prominent. The solar radiation level falling on the PV panels varies depending on the location of the panel and the time intervals in a day. Therefore, solar radiation level has a direct effect on the panel power. As a result, a decrease in solar radiation level reduces the panel power. On the other hand, there is an inverse proportion between temperature and panel power. In other words, panel power decreases as the ambient temperature increases. In this study, the equivalent circuit of the panel is simulated at PSIM and MATLAB using the catalogue data of the PV panel and the temperature and the solar radiation effects on the PV panel power are examined.

Thornthwaite climate classification of Turkey Türkiye Thornthwaite iklim sınıflandırması

Abstract: It is possible to see different climatic types together in Turkey having very different habitats, ecosystems and environmental media by the mathematical and special position where it is located in. The creation of large-scale weather maps and databases to reflect this diversity is necessary for the clarification of the elements that are affected by this diversity. This diversity could not be reflected sufficiently due to the reason that the weather maps which have been created so far today are not large-scale. In this study, it is aimed to create a map and a database concerning Turkey, which is detailed, in which the topographical effects are reflected, which shows the ecosystem differences and which is digitally accessible. For this purpose, the Thornthwaite climate classification in which the sub-climatic types can be digitally separated was preferred. First of all, the monthly average precipitation and temperature data were arranged at 805.000 points of Turkey and then this data was analyzed according to the Thornthwaite climate classification method. The results obtained were submitted as grid data at the resolution of 1 km in 4 different categories and an integrated climate class map by the combination of them. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that there are 8 different precipitation effectiveness index classes, 8 different temperature effect index classes, 6 different drought and moistness index classes and 8 different potential evaporation index classes in Turkey. It was seen that the number of the integrated index classes created by the combination of them is 233. Accordingly, it is possible to say that there are 233 different environmental conditions in Turkey. Ozet Bulundugu matematiksel ve ozel konum itibariyle cok farkli habitat, ekosistem ve cevresel ortam barindiran Turkiye’de farkli iklim tiplerini bir arada gormek mumkundur. Bu cesitliligi yansitacak buyuk olcekli iklim haritalarinin ve veri tabanlarinin olusturulmasi, bu cesitlilikten etkilenen ogelerin aciklanmasi icin gereklidir. Gunumuze kadar yapilan iklim haritalarinin buyuk olcekli olmamalari nedeniyle bu cesitlilik yeteri kadar yansitilamamistir. Bu calismada, Turkiye’ye ait ayrintili, topografik etkilerin yansitildigi, ekosistem farkliliklarini gosteren ve sayisal olarak ulasilabilecek bir harita, veri tabanini uretmek amaclanmistir. Bu amacla, alt iklim tiplerinin sayisal olarak ayrilabildigi Thornthwaite iklim siniflandirmasi tercih edilmistir. Once, Turkiye’de 805.000 noktasinda aylik ortalama yagis ve sicaklik verileri duzenlenmis, ardindan bu veriler Thornthwaite iklim siniflandirma yontemine gore analiz edilmistir. Elde edilen sonuclar 4 farkli kategoride 1 km cozunurlukte grid verisi olarak sunulmus ve bunlarin birlestirilmesi ile tumlesik iklim sinifi haritasi olusturulmustur. Analiz sonuclarina gore Turkiye’de 8 farkli yagis etkinlik indisi, 8 farkli sicaklik tesiri indisi, 6 farkli kuraklik ve nemlilik indisi ve 8 farkli potansiyel buharlasma indis sinifinin oldugu belirlenmistir. Bunlarin birlestirilmesi ile olusturulan tumlesik indis siniflarinin ise 233 oldugu gorulmustur. Buna bagli olarak Turkiye’de 233 farkli cevresel kosul oldugunu soylemek mumkundur.

The flipped classes and educatıon ınformatıon network (EIN) Ters yüz edilmiş sınıflar ve eğitim bilişim ağı (EBA)

Abstract: Learner centered activities take an important place in modern learning approaches. These activities are both setting the student to work and increasing the teacher’s guiding properties in learning environment. Moreover the classes which have classically learning environment turn into training workshops. Reflection of technological improvements to education have an important place for being this approach is successful. In the reversed classes which have learner centered, there are accessorily used computer, printer, internet and internet based networks for providing students self-access. In Turkey, Education Information Network (EIN) which is developed by MEB contributes high for this issue to educators and students. But, there is a lack of knowledge in educators about filipped classrooms. And therefore, this research is that flipped classrooms and flipped learning on information while Education Information Network (EBA) provides location-based usage. This study is a qualitative research in education based on literature review. In this study was conducted literature review with the help of keywords. Sources achieved by this method was used to support the research and concluded. OzetModern ogrenme yaklasimlarinda ogrenen merkezli egitim faaliyetleri onemli bir yer tutmaktadir. Bu faaliyetler ogrenciyi aktif olarak ise kostugu gibi ogretmenin ogrenme ortamindaki rehberlik etme ozelliklerini artirmaktadir. Ayrica klasik anlamda ogrenme ortami olan siniflar, egitim atolyesine donusmektedir. Bu yaklasimin basarili olabilmesinde ise teknolojik gelismelerin egitim alanina yansimalari onemli bir yer tutmaktadir. Ogrenen merkezli anlayisa sahip ters yuz edilmis siniflarda ogrencinin bireysel ogrenmesini saglamak icin; bilgisayar, yazici, internet ve internet tabanli aglar yardimci olarak kullanilmaktadir. Turkiye’de MEB tarafindan gelistirilen Egitim Bilisim Agi (EBA) bu konuda egitimcilere ve ogrencilere onemli katkilar saglamaktadir. Ancak ters yuz edilmis siniflar ve ters yuz ogrenme hakkinda egitimcilerde bir bilgi eksikligi bulunmaktadir. Bu nedenle bu arastirma ters yuz ogrenme ve ters yuz siniflar hakkinda bilgi vermeyi amaclarken ters yuz edilmis siniflarin Egitim Bilisim Agi (EBA) tabanli kullanimina yer vermektedir. Literatur taramasina dayanan nitel bir egitim arastirmasi olan bu calismada anahtar kelime yardimiyla literatur taramasi yapilmistir. Bu yontemle ulasilan kaynaklar, arastirmanin desteklenmesi ve sonuca ulasmasinda kullanilmistir.

Quality of work life perceived by nurses and their organizational commitment level

Abstract: Purpose: Quality of work life affects employees' commitment towards the organization. It is a concept that closely interests both the employees and the organization. The present study was conducted in a descriptive form for the purpose of determining nurses' work life quality and their organizational commitment levels. Materials and methods: The population of the study consists of the nurses working in a university hospital and no further sampling method was implemented. A total of 163 nurses participated in the study. The data were collected between August and December 2012 through the use of the "Organizational Commitment Questionnaire" and the "Quality of Nursing Work Life Survey", a descriptive questionnaire that covers the socio-demographic and work life characteristics of the participants. Student's t -tests, Tukey multiple comparison test, Mann-Whitney U- test, Kruskal-Whitney U -test, Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients and Pearson correlation analysis method were utilized in the evaluation of the collected data. Results: In the study it was determined that the nurses' work life quality and their organizational commitment are at medium levels. It was also determined that there is a positive and statistically significant relation between work life quality and organizational commitment. Conclusion: It is suggested to implement applications that would enhance nurses work life quality.

Teachers’ views on professional image and influential factors Öğretmenlerin mesleki imajlarina ilişkin görüşleri ve mesleki imaja etki eden faktörler

Abstract: Nowadays, it is essential for teachers to renew themselves, change and continually pursue excellence. Thus, the core purpose of this study was to determine public and private school teachers’ views on professional image and influential factors. Within this framework, the overall objective of this study was to reveal teachers’ views on professional image, factors influencing this image, teaching profession status, profession dignity, teacher qualification and personal image. The study was based on a qualitative research design. In order to reveal different dimensions of the problem and give voice to different views, the research group was formed by 25 participants on the basis of maximum variation sampling. A semi-structured interview was conducted in the study. The data obtained from interviews were analyzed with descriptive analysis in accordance with semi-structured interview technique. The responses given by participants to each of the questions in interviews were analyzed and grouped in terms of similar and different characteristics. The views obtained from participants are presented in frequency (f) and percentage (%) on related tables, and their explanatory and indicative views were directly included into the findings. Teacher views based on factors influencing professional image were identified under the sub-theme of political figures as teachers are neglected by the government, and their profession is under-valued. On the other hand, the value and roles appointed to teachers by the Ministry, inconsistencies in education policies, ignorance of teacher views in studies, and forcing teachers into a passive position by over-vindication of students and parents are under the sub-theme of Ministry of National Education (MNE). From the interviews, the participants found teacher qualifications inadequate and considered the status as well as the prestige of the teaching profession to be low. Ozet Bu calismanin amaci: surekli yenilenmenin, degisimin ve mukemmeli arayisin soz konusu oldugu gunumuzde, kamu okullarinda ve ozel okullarda gorev yapan ogretmenlerin mesleki imajlarina iliskin goruslerini belirlemek ve mesleki imaja etki eden faktorlerin neler oldugunu tespit etmektir. Bu genel amac cercevesinde ogretmenlerin mesleki imaj, mesleki imaja etki eden faktorler, meslegin statusu, meslegin sayginligi ve ogretmenlerin kisisel imaj hakkindaki gorusleri tespit edilmeye calisilmistir. Arastirmanin yontemi ise nitel arastirma dogrultusunda olgu bilim deseninde tasarlanmistir.Problemin farkli boyutlarini ortaya koyabilmek ve farkli goruslere yer verebilmek amaciyla, arastirmanin calisma grubu, ornekleme tekniklerinden maksimum cesitlilik orneklemesi temel alinarak 25 katilimcidan olusturulmustur.Arastirmada yari yapilandirilmis gorusme formu kullanilmistir.Yari yapilandirilmis gorusme teknigine uygun olarak, gorusmelerden elde edilen veriler, icerik analiz yontemiyle analiz edilmistir.Gorusmelerde kisilerin her bir soruya verdikleri cevaplar, birbirine benzer ve birbirinden farkli olma durumlarina gore analiz edilerek gruplandirilmistir.Belirlenen gorusler frekans (f) ve yuzde (%) olarak ilgili tablolarda gosterildikten sonra katilimcilarin aciklayici ve belirleyici gorusleri dogrudan alinarak bulgulara eklenmistir.Mesleki imaji etkileyen faktorlere yonelik ogretmen gorusleri, siyasi aktor alt temasi altinda; hukumetlerin ogretmeni sahipsiz ve yalniz birakmasi, ogretmene deger vermemesi yonunde tespit edilmistir.Milli Egitim Bakanligi alt temasi altinda ise; Milli Egitimin ogretmene yukledigi anlam ve roller, egitim politikalarindaki tutarsizliklar, yapilan calismalarda ogretmenlerin gorus ve dusuncelerinin alinmamasi, veli ve ogrenci her zaman haklidir anlayisi dogrultusunda ogretmenin pasif bir konuma itilmesi olarak belirtilmistir.Gorusmelerde katilimcilar ogretmenlerin niteligini yetersiz bulmuslar, ogretmenlik mesleginin statusunu ve sayginligini ise dusuk degerlendirmislerdir.

Examination of the professional development studies for the development of technological competence of teachers in Turkey in the context of lifelong learning Yaşam boyu öğrenme bağlamında Türkiye’de öğretmenlerin teknolojik yeterliliklerinin geliştirilmesine yönelik mesleki gelişim çalışmalarının incelenmesi

Abstract: Aim of this research is to investigate the studies carried out in Turkey, intended to improve technological competences with respect to the needs of lifelong learning. In the research, for starters, in 21 st information age, technological competences and the concept of technology literacy, place and importance of technological competences in the qualifications and standards related to the teaching profession, the content of the lifelong learning and the relation of lifelong learning and the teaching profession have been explained. Then, a base-case table has been tried to be set by investigating the studies carried out to improve professional competences, specific to technological competences of the teachers in Turkey. However, the surveyed professional development activities are evaluated in terms of lifelong learning. According to research findings, there have been many attempts during the last ten years but such researches have not been able to provide technological competences of the teachers to reach the requirements of the information age. At the same time, in terms of lifelong learning, it has been found that the implemented in-service training programs are not supportive for basically lifelong learning. Some suggestions for the future have been presented with respect to the findings of the research that came up in the end of the research. Ozet Bu arastirmanin amaci, yasam boyu ogrenme ihtiyaclari kapsaminda, ogretmenlerin teknolojik yeterliliklerinin gelistirilmesi amaciyla Turkiye’de yapilan calismalarin incelenmesidir. Arastirmada oncelikle, 21.yy bilgi caginda teknolojik yeterlilikler ve teknoloji okur yazarligi kavrami, ogretmenlik meslegine iliskin yeterlilikler ve standartlar icinde teknolojik yeterliliklerin yeri ve onemi, yasam boyu ogrenme kavrami ve ogretmenlerin mesleki gelisimiyle yasam boyu ogrenme kavraminin iliskisi aciklanmistir. Daha sonra, Turkiye’de ogretmenlerin mesleki yeterliliklerini, teknolojik yeterlilikler ozelinde gelistirmek amaciyla yapilan calismalar incelenerek bir durum tablosu ortaya konmaya calisilmistir. Bununla birlikte, arastirma kapsaminda incelenen mesleki gelisim calismalari yasam boyu ogrenme acisindan degerlendirilmistir. Arastirma bulgularina gore, Turkiye’de ogretmenlerin teknolojik yeterliliklerinin gelistirilmesine yonelik son on yilda oldukca fazla girisim oldugu, fakat bu calismalarin ogretmenlerin teknolojik yeterliliklerinin bilgi caginin gereksinimlerini saglar nitelige ulasmasini saglayamadigi sonucuna varilmistir. Bununla birlikte, yasam boyu ogrenme acisindan degerlendirildiginde, ogretmenlerin mesleki gelisimlerine yonelik uygulanan hizmet ici egitim programlarinin temelde yasam boyu ogrenmeyi destekleyici nitelikte olmadigi sonucuna varilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda ortaya cikan bulgulara dayali olarak gelecege yonelik bazi oneriler sunulmustur.

The attitudes of women towards family planning and related factors in the postpartum period Doğum sonu dönemdeki kadınların aile planlaması konusundaki tutumları ve ilişkili faktörler

Abstract: An early second pregnancy after birth may negatively influence the health of the first child and mother. Most of the women want to delay or prevent future pregnancies during the postpartum period. The postpartum is a very important period of preventing unwanted pregnancies. In postpartum period, use of contraceptive is connected with women’s cultural and religious believes, partner’s attitudes and previous contraceptive experiences. Family planning training in prenatal and postnatal period is considered as a standard care. The aim of the study is to determine the attitudes of women towards family planning and related factors in the postpartum period. This study is done as a descriptive research in the postpartum period. The samples consist of 272 women in the postpartum period. "Family Planning Attitude Scale" (FPAS) and personal information questionnaire prepared by the researchers have been used to collect the data. In the analysis of data; Number, percentage, mean and standard deviation, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for the analysis of the data. It was found out that mean age of the postpartum women was 26.30±5.60 years and mean marriage duration (year) was 5.84±4.92. It was noted that 72.8% of women planned to last pregnancy and 52,6% of them don’t want to do pregnancy again. It was determined that 47,8% of women’s source of information about family planning (FP) was the health professional and 76,1% of them received counseling about FP. 94,9% of postpartum women want to use contraceptive method until they decide a new pregnancy .Significant differences were detected between postpartum women; education (Z=-3.320; p:0.001), employment status (Z=-4.741; p:0.000), social security (Z=-4.569; p:0.000), family type (Z=-4.086; p:0.000), perception of economic status (KW=8402; p:0.015) getting counseling service about family planning (Z=2.841; p=0.004), and using family planning in the postnatal period. (Z=-4.741; p:0,000). As a result; it has been determined that of the attitudes of women, with low socioeconomic level and have not received counseling services, towards family planning is negative and it has been found that these women are in the risk group. Therefore, it can be said that it will be useful for the health workers to be aware of the attitudes of the people towards family planning, and provide consulting services identifying the risk factors affecting adversely the attitudes towards family planning. Ozet Dogumdan sonra erken ikinci bir gebelik ilk cocugu ve anne sagligini olumsuz etkileyebilir. Kadinlarin cogu dogum sonrasi donemde ileriki gebelikleri ertelemek ya da onlemek ister. Dogum sonu donem; istenmeyen gebeliklerin onlenmesinde onemli bir donemdir. Dogum sonu donemde kontraseptif kullanimi; kadinlarin kulturel ve dini inanclari, partnerlerinin tutumu ve onceki dogum deneyimleri ile iliskilidir. Dogum oncesi ve sonrasi donemde aile planlamasi egitimi standart bakim olarak kabul edilmektedir. Calismanin amaci dogum sonu donemdeki kadinlarin aile planlamasi konusundaki tutumlarini ve iliskili faktorleri belirlemektir. Bu calisma dogum sonu donemde tanimlayici olarak yapilmistir. Orneklemi dogum sonu donemdeki 272 kadin olusturmustur. Verilerin toplanmasinda "Aile Planlamasi Tutum Olcegi" (APTO) ve arastirmaci tarafindan hazirlanan kisisel bilgi formu kullanilmistir. Verilerin analizinde sayi, yuzde, ortalama ve standart sapma, Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis testi kullanilmistir. Dogum sonu donemdeki kadinlarin yas ortalamalarinin 26,30±5,60 oldugu ve evlilik suresi (yil) ortalamalarinin 5.84 ± 4.92 oldugu bulunmustur. Kadinlarin % 72,8’inin son gebeliklerini planladiklari ve bunlarin % 52,6 ‘sinin bir daha cocuk sahibi olmayi dusunmedigi saptanmistir. Kadinlarin %76,1’inin AP yontemlerine yonelik danismanlik hizmeti aldigi ve %47,8’inin AP yontemlerine yonelik aldigi bilginin kaynaginin saglik profesyonelleri oldugu tespit edilmistir. Dogum sonrasi kadinlarin %94,9’unun yeni bir gebeligi karar verene kadar kontraseptif kullanmak istedigi gorulmustur. Dogum sonu donemdeki kadinlar arasindaki fark anlamli bulunmustur; egitim (Z = -3.320 ; p : 0.001 ), calisma durumu (Z = -4.741 ; p : 0.000 ), sosyal guvenlik (Z = -4.569 ; p : 0.000), aile tipi (Z = -4.086 ; p : 0.000), ekonomik durum algisi ( KW = 8402 ; p : 0.015 ), aile planlamasi ile ilgili danismanlik alma (Z = 2.841 ; p = 0.004 ), dogum sonu donemde aile planlamasi kullanma (Z=-4,741; p:0,000). Sonuc olarak; kendisinin ve eslerinin ogrenim duzeyi dusuk olan, calismayan, sosyal guvencesi olmayan, ekonomik durumunu orta ve\veya kotu olarak algilayan, genis ailede yasayan ve danismanlik hizmeti almamis kadinlarin APʼye iliskin tutumlarinin olumsuz yonde oldugu ve bu kadinlarin riskli olabilecek grupta yer aldigi saptanmistir. Bu nedenle saglik calisanlarinin, kisilerin APʼye yonelik tutumlarinin farkinda olmasi, AP ile ilgili dusuncelerine iliskin veri toplanmasi, bununla ilgili yasadigi sorunlari aciklamasina firsat verilmesi ve APʼye iliskin tutumu olumsuz etkileyen risk faktorlerini belirleyerek danismanlik hizmeti vermelerinin yararli olacagi soylenebilir.

Vegan and vegetarianism as a life style Yaşam tarzı olarak vegan ve vejetaryenlik

Abstract: Vegan and vegetarianism that becomes an increasing trend day by day is a life style and a life philosophy and a bioethical approach. The reason of choosing for being a vegan/ vegetarian differs according to people’s preferences. These may be; respecting for a living things’ life, taking an ethical position against exploitation of animals, reducing ecological damage, being healthy and religious purposes. Most people believe that the nature and animals just exist for the sake of them. Accordingly, people use and consume them with impunity. Human exploits animals to use them for different kinds of purposes he wishes. While some of them are cared and fed at home (like cats, dogs) some of them are raised at farms for eating or to benefit from their products such as eggs and milk. There are also some other animals to be used for entertaining purposes in circuses or camel wrestling and bull fighting. There are also animals used for their abilities. A police dog can be given as an example. Police dogs are used for their powerful sense of smell that people have not. There have been some traditional practices that include some animals. Other two examples are turkeys being eaten at thanksgiving day and a ram decorated at the Festival of Sacrifice and sent to the fiancee‘s home. On the one hand it is observed that consuming meat of an animal has different meanings in terms of gender considerations. For example, eating meat is viewed as masculine behavior while eating vegetables is feminine. In addition, meat at advertisements is generally symbolized as a woman. These kinds of behaviors, attitudes, beliefs affect development of veganism/ vegetarianism positively or negatively. In this paper, veganism/vegetarianism is described as a life style. Ozet Gun gectikce sayilarinda artis olan vegan ve vejetaryenlik, bir yasam tarzi, bir hayat felsefesi ve biyoetik bir yaklasimdir. Insanlarin vegan/vejetaryenligi secme nedenleri farklilik gosterebilir. Bunlar, canli yasamina saygi gostermek, hayvan somurusune karsi etik bir durus sergilemek, ekolojiye verilen zarari azaltmak, saglikli olmak ve dini inanclar gibi nedenler olabilir. Bircok insan doganin ve hayvanlarin kendileri icin var oldugunu dusunmektedir. Dolayisiyla insanlar onlari diledigi gibi futursuzca kullanmakta ve tuketmektedir. Hayvanlar insanlarin istedigi gibi ve istedigi sekilde kullanilmaktadir. Kimi hayvanlar sevilip evde beslenirken (kedi, kopek gibi), bazi hayvanlarda ciftliklerde tutulup yenilmek ya da yumurta, sut gibi urunlerinden yararlanmak icin yetistirilmektedir. Bunun yani sira sirklerde; deve ve boga guresleri gibi etkinliklerde eglenmek icin kullanilan hayvanlar da bulunmaktadir. Ayrica yeteneklerinden yararlanilan hayvanlar da vardir. Polis kopekleri bunlara ornek verilebilir. Polis kopekleri insanlarda olmayan keskin koku alma yetenekleri ile insanlar icin kullanilmaktadir. Bazi hayvanlarin dâhil oldugu ve geleneksellesen pratikler de vardir. Sukran gunlerinde tuketilen hindiler, kurban bayramlari ve bu bayramda bir kocun suslenerek nisanli kadinin evine gonderilmesi ornek olabilir. Hayvan etinin tuketimine bakildiginda, toplumsal cinsiyet acisindan farkli anlamlar icerdigi de gorulmektedir. Ornegin et tuketimi erkeksi bir davranis olarak gorulmekte iken, sebze tuketimi kadinlara yakistirilan bir davranis olmaktadir. Butun bu konular, hayvanlarin kullanimi, et tuketimi ile ilgili insanlarin davranis, tutumlar ve inanclari vegan/vejetaryenligin gelisimine etkilemektedir. Bu makalede de sozunu ettigimiz bu yonleriyle bir yasam tarzi olarak vegan/vejetaryenlik soz edilmektedir.

The impact of Cultural Intelligence (CQ) on Cross-Cultural Job Satisfaction (CCJS) and International Related Performance (IRP)

Abstract: Cultural Intelligence (CQ) referring to the adaptation to cross-cultural situation, interacting and working effectively in cross-cultural situations is the subject of this study. Globalization and international activities of companies have increased the cross-cultural interaction and commercial links, which in turn have resulted in the need for knowledge and competence about different culture. Within these dynamics, the success of the managers who are in charge of international activities depends on their CQ. The studies related to CQ reveal that it helps to cope with multi-cultural situations, to perform in culturally diverse work groups, to manage culture shock and facilitate effective cross-cultural adjustment, decision making and performance. This study particularly investigates the role of CQ on Cross-Cultural Job Satisfaction (CCJS) and International Related Performance (IRP). The study also looks at the link between CCJS and IRP. A research model along with the related hypotheses was developed and tested based on the data collected through survey method from textile companies in Turkey. The results reveal that CQ is positively related to CCJS. The partial support is also obtained from the data regarding the link between CQ and IRP. In addition, the research finds no relationship between CCJS and IRP. The findings are discussed in relation to theory and practice in the conclusion part of the study.

Examination of Routine Activities Theory by the property crime

Abstract: The studies on crime prevention, causes of crime and the theories associated with it are very essential topics in criminology. Routine Activities Theory (RAT) is also the basis for the many criminological theories. Although it has some shortcomings it is very usual that the theorists and practitioners on crime prevention can benefit from such a strong theory. This study explains the applicability of Routine Activities Theory in prevention and reducing of property crimes in the context of some parameters related to burglary and auto theft incidents in US. The study aims to give some information of the routine activity theory and investigate its relationship with prevention of property crimes. The results of study suggest that Routine Activity Theory may be used as a useful tool by crime reduction or prevention practitioners to evaluate crime problems and also take routine precautions and measures that reduce crime opportunities in people’s daily activities.

Effect of prenatal training on information and satisfaction level of a pregnant woman Doğum öncesi verilen eğitimin gebenin bilgi düzeyi ile memnuniyet durumuna etkisi

Abstract: This study, performed to investigate the effect of prenatal training on information and satisfaction level of a pregnant woman, is carried out in a quasi-experimental nature. The research sample is composed of 50 pregnant patients admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty. In order to collect data, socio-demographic and obstetric data collection form, a questionnaire measuring information level and formed by 47 questions and a prenatal education satisfaction survey were used. In order to determine the information level, an advanced level of a significant relationship (p<0.001) was observed as a result of the comparison of total information points collected before and after the training in all six sub-sections composed of “Structure and Functioning of the reproductive organs and pregnancy formation”, “Changes occurred during pregnancy and coping with the possible complaints “, “Self care requirements during pregnancy”, “Pregnancy Danger Signs”, “Birth action” and “ Postpartum period, breastfeeding and family planning”. It is found that 68% of pregnant women very pleased to get prenatal training and 32% of them are satisfied. Ozet Calismamiz, dogum oncesi verilen egitimin gebenin bilgi duzeyi ile memnuniyet durumuna etkisini incelemek amaciyla yapilmistir. Yari deneysel nitelikte gerceklestirilen arastirmanin orneklemini, Cerrahpasa Tip Fakultesi Kadin Hastaliklari ve Dogum ABD Poliklinigine basvuran 50 gebe olusturmustur. Verileri toplamak icin, sosyo-demografik ve obstetrik bilgi toplama formu, bilgi duzeyini olcen ve 47 sorudan olusan anket formu ve dogum oncesi egitimden memnuniyet anket formu kullanilmistir. Bilgi duzeyini belirlemek amaciyla ‘’Ureme Organ Yapi ve Isleyisi ile Gebeligin Olusumu’’, ‘’Gebelikte Olusan Degisiklikler ile Olagan Sikayetlerle Bas Etme’’, ‘’Gebelikte Oz Bakim Gereksinimleri’’, ‘’Gebelikte Tehlike Belirtileri’’, ‘’Dogum Eylemi’’ ve ‘’Lohusalik Donemi, Emzirme ve Aile Planlamasi’’ndan olusan bolumlerin tumunde egitim oncesi ve sonrasi alinan toplam bilgi puanlari karsilastirildiginda, ileri duzeyde anlamli iliski oldugu saptanmistir (p<0.001). Gebelerin %68’inin aldiklari dogum oncesi egitimden cok memnun, %32’sinin memnun oldugu bulgulanmistir.

The study of the relationships between social appearance anxiety, self-esteem and loneliness level among university students Üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal görünüş kaygıları ile benlik saygıları ve yalnızlık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between social physique anxiety, self-esteem and loneliness level between university students. Six hundred twenty nine female and seven hundred fifty six male university students from the Department of Economies and Administrative Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Faculty of Law, Faculty of Sciences, Faculty of Letters, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Theology, Faculty of Communication, Faculty of Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Architecture, Faculty of Forestry and Tourism and Hotel Management Program of Vocational School in Karadeniz Technical University were participated in the study. The Personal Information Form, Social Physique Anxiety Scale. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and UCLA Loneliness Scale were administered to participants. Data were analyzed by the program called SSPS 16.0. For analysis, techniques of descriptive statistics, arithmetic mean, mode, standard deviation and percentage were used. In addition, t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for independent groups were applied. Examining the source of the differences, Turkey’s lest was additionally conducted. Correlation and regression analysis measurements were performed to specify the relationships between dependent variables. The study revealed that social appearance anxiety is low between university students as the social physique anxiety scale offers. However, significant differences were detected in comparisons between social appearance anxiety levels and gender, family structure, places they spend most of the time, weight and height satisfaction, and wearing luxury brands variables. It was found that there are not significant differences between social appearance anxiety levels, and the monthly expenses and wearing luxury brands. It was also found that there are not significant differences between Rosenberg self-esteem scale results and gender, the places they spend most of the time and monthly expenses. However, there is a significant difference betweentheir loneliness level and gender, the places they spend most of the time and monthly expenses. When examined, there is a negative relationship between social appearance anxiety and self-esteem whilst there is a positive relationship between social appearance anxiety and loneliness. Additionally, there is a negative relationship between self-esteem and loneliness. Ozet Bu arastirmanin temel amaci, universite ogrencilerinin sosyal gorunus kaygilari ile benlik saygilari ve yalnizlik duzeyleri arasindaki iliskinin incelenmesidir. Tarama modelindeki bu arastirmaya 2013-2014 Egitim Ogretim Yilinda Karadeniz Teknik Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakultesi, Muhendislik Fakultesi, Egitim Fakultesi, Saglik Bilimleri Fakultesi, Hukuk Fakultesi, Fen Fakultesi, Edebiyat Fakultesi Tip Fakultesi, Ilahiyat Fakultesi, Iletisim Fakultesi, Dis Hekimligi Fakultesi, Eczacilik Fakultesi, Mimarlik Fakultesi, Orman Fakultesi ve Turizm Otelcilik Meslek Yuksek Okulu’ nda ogrenim goren toplam 1386 (629 kadin, 756 erkek) ogrenci katilmistir. Arastirmada veri toplama araclari olarak; “Kisisel Bilgi Formu”, “Sosyal Gorunus Kaygisi Olcegi”, “Rosenberg Benlik Saygisi Olcegi” ve “Ucla Yalnizlik Olcegi” kullanilmistir. Verilerin analizinde SSPS 16.0 paket programindan yararlanilmistir.Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistiklerden; yuzde, frekans,aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma teknikleri kullanilmistir. Ayrica arastirmada bagimsiz gruplar icin t-Testi, bagimsiz gruplar icin tek yonlu varyans analizi (ANOVA)ve farkin kaynagina bakmak amaciyla da Tukey testine basvurulmustur. Bagimli degiskenler arasindaki iliskileri belirlemek icin korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri yapilmistir. Arastirmada universite ogrencilerinin, sosyal gorunus kaygisi olceginden elde ettikleri ortalamalar acisindan sosyal gorunus kaygi duzeylerinin dusuk oldugu bulunmustur. Bunun yaninda ogrencilerin sosyal gorunus kaygisi puanlariyla; cinsiyet, aile yapisi, hayatinin onemli bir kismini gecirdigi yer, kilosundan memnun olma durumu, boyundan memnun olma durumu ve marka giyinme degiskenleri acisindan yapilan karsilastirmalarda ise anlamli bir farklilik tespit edilmistir. Sosyal gorunus kaygisi puanlariyla; bireysel olarak aylik harcanan para ve marka giyinme degiskenine gore anlamli bir farklilik gostermedigi bulunmustur. Rosenbergbenlik saygisi puanlariyla; cinsiyet, hayatinin onemli bir kismini gecirdigi yer ve bireysel olarak aylik harcanan para degiskenine gore anlamli bir farklilik gostermedigi bulunmustur. Yalnizlik puanlariyla; cinsiyet, hayatinin onemli bir kismini gecirdigi yer ve bireysel olarak aylik harcanan para degiskenine gore anlamli bir farklilik tespit edilmistir. Ayrica bagimli degiskenler arasindaki iliskiye bakildiginda, sosyal gorunus kaygisi ile benlik saygisi arasinda negatif yonde anlamli iliski oldugu, sosyal gorunus ile yalnizlik arasinda da pozitif anlamli iliski oldugu belirlenmistir. Bunun yaninda benlik algisi ile yalnizlik arasinda da negatif yonde anlamli iliski oldugu belirlenmistir.

The economic impacts of international student mobility in the globalization process

Abstract: Globalization, which has various effects on economic, financial, political, sociological and cultural developments, also influences the field of education. One of the outcomes that arise due to the effects of globalization is related to the increase in international student mobility. This has paved the way for the emergence of a new market area in which international students are regarded as a source of income. Purpose of this study is to examine the economic impacts of international student mobility in the globalization process. The document analysis is used in the study. In this study, the data analysis consists of three parts. The first part is about the cost of international education while the second part explicates the economic impacts of international student mobility. Finally, the third part reviews policies aimed at increasing the number of international students. According to the information obtained from this study international students provide significant revenue to the economy of their host country by bearing the cost of tuition fees and non-educational expenses as well as by contributing to the production of knowledge and technology.

Neutrosophic Soft Multi-Attribute Group Decision Making Based On Grey Relational Analysis Method

Abstract: The objective of the paper is to present neutrosophic soft multi attribute group decision making based on grey relational analysis involving multiple decision makers. The concept of neutrosophic soft sets is derived from the hybridization of the concepts of neutrosophic set and soft set. In the decision making process, the decision makers offer the rating of alternatives with respect to the parameters in terms of single valued neutrosophic set. We utilize AND operator of neutrosophic soft sets in order to aggregate the individual decision maker’s opinion into a common opinion based on choice parameters of the evaluator. Then, information entropy method is employed in order to attain the weights of the choice parameters. We determine the order of the alternatives and identify the most suitable alternative based on grey relational analysis. Finally, in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a numerical example is solved

Cycling in Turkey: Reasons and benefits of cycling Türkiye’de bisiklet kullanımı: Bisiklet kullanma nedenleri ve elde edilen faydalar

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to reveal of cyclist, reasons and benefits of using bicycle. In this regard, 110 female (Mage= 30.46, SD= 8.78) and 496 male (Myas= 30.47; SD= 10.12), who were totally 606 cyclist selected by using convenience sampling sampling method, participated in the research voluntarily. In order to determine the reasons and benefits of cycling, personal information form and a three-section-questionnaire, which was prepared by the researcher were used in the research. In the data analysis, frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, X2-Chi Square and Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficient tests were used. Participants have stated the reasons as traveling, having interest in cycling, and staying healthy, and they have stated the benefits as feeling healthier, stronger, happier, and overcoming daily stress. As a result, the higher the income and education level get, the less people participate cycling. Also, it has been observed that single people have more positive attitude towards cycling compared to married people. In addition to this, gender, working status and duration have no effect on individuals' participate cycling. Ozet Bu arastirmanin amaci; Turkiye’deki bisiklet kullanicilarinin bisiklet kullanma nedenlerini ve bisiklet kullaniminin sagladigi faydalari ortaya koyabilmektir. Bu amacla kolayda ornekleme yontemi kullanilarak secilen 110 kadin (M yas = 30.46, SD= 8.78) ve 496 erkek (M yas = 30.47; SD= 10.12) olmak uzere 606 bisiklet kullanicisi arastirmaya gonullu olarak katilmistir. Arastirmada kisisel bilgi formu, katilimcilari bisiklet kullanma nedenleri ve katilimcilarin bisiklet kullanimi sonucunda elde ettikleri faydalari ortaya koymak amaciyla arastirmaci tarafindan hazirlanmis uc bolumden olusan anket kullanilmistir. Verilerin analizinde frekans, yuzde, ortalama, standart sapma, Ki-Kare (X2-Chi Square) ve Cronbach’s Alpha ic tutarlik katsayisi testlerinden yararlanilmistir. Katilimcilar bisiklet kullanma nedenlerini, gezmek, bisiklet sporunu sevmek ve sagligi korumak olarak belirtirken, elde ettikleri faydalari ise daha saglikli ve guclu hissetmek, daha mutlu hissetmek ve gunun stresini atmak olarak belirtmislerdir. Sonuc olarak gelir duzeyi ve egitim duzeyinin artmasi bisiklet kullanimina yonelik olumlu gorusleri azaltirken, bekarlarin goruslerinin evlilere gore daha olumlu oldugu gorulmustur. Bununla birlikte cinsiyet, calisma durumu ve bisiklet kullanma suresi bireylerin bisiklet kullanimini etkilememektedir.

Meta-analysis application process in nursing: A guide intended for methodology Hemşirelikte meta-analiz uygulama süreci: Metodolojiye yönelik bir rehber

Abstract: In recently years, interest to evidence based practice has increased due to such causes; the existence of scientific advances in the field of health and increased interest to good care practices. While evidence based practice improves the quality of care, it will also contribute to the professionalization of nursing. However, whenthe researchs' results made towards scientification is analyzed; there are conflicts between the results and it is seen that the different qualities of each study. A meta-analys is method developed to analyze statistically conflict and causes of differences between works. A meta-analysis is called that statistical analysis of the studies' results which is made independently relating to the same theme at different place and time. Meta-analysis is an analysis method that revealing presence and size of the effect, examining inconsistencies and its' causes existing between studies, research can analyze the results with the new parameters that have not been previously studied, so the potential new relations can be revealed and bring new approaches to studies will made later. The meta-analys is application process is time consuming and requiring patience. Meta-analysis application steps include that determination of the research topics and questions, reviewing literature, identifying the criteria, the classification of those articles and sieving, the coding of data, evaluation of the quality of work, performance of statistical analysis and reporting of study results. Although there are many benefits, to be difficult and time consuming to determine the appropriate work, not be suitable for all related studies analysis and inclusion, require advanced statistics technical and existence heterogeneity in the sample group's work are challenging aspects of the meta-analysis. Also, due to negative thoughts against the meta-analysis and insufficient information, using meta-analysis in nursing is almost no. This work is planned to provide information on the basic principles of meta-analysis, be guidance on the application process and promote the use of the method in the nursing field. OzetSon yillarda saglik alaninda bilimsel gelismelerin var olmasi ve iyi bakim uygulamalarina olan ilginin artmasi gibi nedenlerle kanita dayali uygulamaya olan ilgi artmistir. Kanita dayali uygulamalar bakimin kalitesini iyilestirir iken hemsireligin profesyonellesmesine de katki saglayacaktir. Ancak, bilimsellesme yolunda yapilmis calisma sonuclarina bakildiginda; sonuclar arasinda celiskilerin oldugu, her bir calismanin farkli kalitelerde oldugu gorulmektedir. Calismalar arasindaki celiskilerin elestirel degerlendirilmesi ve farkliliklarin nedenlerinin istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmesi icin meta-analiz yontemi gelistirilmistir. Ayni konu ile ilgili birbirinden bagimsiz farkli yer ve zamanda yapilan calisma sonuclarinin istatistiksel analizine meta-analiz denilmektedir. Meta-analiz; bir etkinin varligini ve buyuklugunu ortaya koyan, calismalar arasinda var olan tutarsizliklari ve nedenlerini inceleyen, arastirma sonuclarini daha once incelenmemis olan yeni parametreler ile inceleyebilen, boylece olasi yeni iliskilileri ortaya cikartabilen ve daha sonraki yapilacak calismalara yeni yaklasimlar getirebilen bir analiz yontemidir. Meta-analiz uygulama sureci ise zaman alici ve sabir isteyen bir surectir. Meta-analiz uygulama basamaklari; arastirma konusunun ve sorularinin belirlenmesi, literatur arastirmasinin yapilmasi, olcutlerin belirlenmesi, bulunan makalelerin siniflanmasi ve elenmesi, verilerin kodlanmasi, calismalarin kalitesinin degerlendirilmesi, istatistiksel analizlerin yapilmasi ve calisma sonuclarinin raporlanmasini icermektedir. Bircok yararinin olmasina ragmen, uygun calismalarin belirlenmesinin zor ve zaman alici olmasi, ilgili calismalarin hepsinin dahil etme ve analiz icin uygun olmamasi, gelismis istatistik teknikleri gerektirmesi ve calismanin orneklem grubunda heterojenligin var olmasi meta-analizin zorlayici yonlerindendir. Ayrica meta-analize karsi olan olumsuz dusunceler ve yetersiz bilgi nedeni ile meta-analizin hemsirelikte kullanimi yok denecek kadar azdir. Bu calisma; meta-analizin temel prensipleri hakkinda bilgi saglama, meta-analiz uygulama sureci hakkinda rehber olma ve yontemin hemsirelik alaninda kullanimini yayginlastirmak amaciyla planlanmistir.

Football referees; stress, self-confidence, decision making Futbol hakemlerinde; stres, özgüven, karar verme

Abstract: Football, is a universal sport with most audiences all around the world. Considering footballers, managers, trainers, audiences involved in football sector referees’ emotional situations, life stress, decision making skills have become important in football environment. The aim of the study was to analyse stress, self-confidence and decision-making skills in football referees. In the study 145 football referees having an age average of 25.88 ± 4.24 participated. In order to determine football referees’ stress levels, “Perceived Stress Scale” developed by Cohen, Kamarck and Mermelstein (1983) and to find out decision-making skills, “Melbourne Decision-Making Scale I-II” developed by Mann et al. (1998) were applied. In evaluation of data Pearson correlation test and Independent t test were done. As a result; significant relations were found between stress, self-confidence and decision-making in football referees. A significant relation was determined between football referees’ self-confidence and decision-making skills. In football referees a meaningful difference was also found between stress level and gender variable. It is apparent that the female football referees’ stress perceptions were higher rather than the male football referees. Ozet Futbol, dunyada da en fazla seyircisi olan evrensel bir spordur. Futbol sektoru icinde bulunan futbolcu, yonetici, calistirici, seyirciler dusunuldugunde hakemlerin futbol ortami icinde duygu durumlari, yasadigi stres, karar verme becerisi de onemli hale gelmektedir. Bu calismanin amaci, futbol hakemlerinde stres, ozguven ve karar verme becerisini incelemektir. Arastirmaya yas ortalamasi 25.88 ± 4.24 olan 145 futbol hakemi katilmistir. Futbol hakemlerinin stres duzeylerini belirlemek icin Cohen, Kamarck ve Mermelstein (1983) tarafindan gelistirilen “Algilanan Stres Olcegi” ile karar verme becerilerini belirlemek icin Mann ve digerleri (1998) tarafindan gelistirilen “Melbourne karar verme olcegi I-II” uygulanmistir. Verilerin degerlendirilmesinde Pearson korelasyon testi ve Bagimsiz t testi yapilmistir. Sonuc olarak; Futbol hakemlerinde stres ile ozguven ve karar verme arasinda anlamli iliski bulunmustur. Hakemlerin ozguven ile karar verme becerisi arasinda anlamli iliski tespit edilmistir. Futbol hakemlerinde stres duzeyi ile cinsiyet degiskeni arasinda anlamli farklilik bulunmustur. Kadin futbol hakemlerinin stres algilarinin erkek hakemlerden yuksek olmasi dikkat cekicidir.

Self-compassion as a predictor of social physique anxiety in athletes

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the explanatory effect of self-compassion on social physique anxiety in athletes. The study was conducted with the participation of a total of 462 athletes, 145 female and 317 male, who were studying at Yasar Dogu Faculty of Sport Sciences. Self-compassion Scale and Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS) were used in the study. Independent sample t-test analysis showed that average scores of athletes for physical appearance comfort (PAC) t (250)=.158 , p >0,5) and expectations of negative evaluation (ENE), t (262)=.649, p >0,5 did not show a significant difference in terms of gender. According to the results of Pearson Product-Moment Correlation analysis, negative significant association was found between PAC subscale of social physique anxiety and self-kindness, common humanity and mindfulness dimensions of self-compassion while a positive significant association was found between self-judgment, isolation and over identification. Negative significant association was found between ENE subscale of social physique anxiety and self-kindness and mindfulness dimensions of self-compassion while a positive significant association was found between self-judgment, common humanity, isolation and over identification. Multiple regression analysis results presented the high level explanatory effect of self-compassion levels and the PAC of social physique anxiety , R =0.60, R² =0.36, p ˂.01. Similarly, explanatory effect of ENE area of social physique anxiety, R =0.38, R²= 0.15, p ˂.01 was also presented.

Crime mapping and geographical information systems in crime analysis

Abstract: As essential apparatus in crime analysis, crime mapping and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are being progressively more accepted by police agencies. Development in technology and the accessibility of geographic data sources make it feasible for police departments to use GIS and crime mapping. GIS and crime mapping can be utilized as devices to discover reasons contributing to crime, and hence let law enforcement agencies proactively take action against the crime problems before they become challenging. The purpose of this study is to conduct a literature review of Geographical Information System and Crime Mapping in Crime Analysis and to propose policy recommendations regarding to implementation of crime mapping and GIS. To achieve this purpose, first a historical evaluation of GIS and crime mapping will be rendered and then the importance of place will be explained in terms of assessing crime problems accurately. Language: en

Development of The Well Star Scale İyilik Hali Yıldızı Ölçeği'nin geliştirilmesi

Abstract: Various models of wellness have appeared in the literature and had common themes including choice, process, life-style, and characteristics of healthy individuals. The Well-Star model was developed for use with a Turkish population and the work described in this article documents the development of an assessment instrument for wellness according to The Well-Star model. After a review of the literature an item pool was established and after taking feedback from four counselor educators, this item pool was reduced to items. The participants in this investigation were 545 university students representing three separate groups. The first group was composed of 291 and data were collected for the purpose of performing an exploratory factor analysis. The second group’s data was used to perform a confirmatory factor analysis (N= 156). The final group of 98 provided data that permitted assessment of concurrent validity and reliability. After Exploratory factor analysis 24 items and five dimensions emerged. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test goodness of fit whether the factor structure was acceptable. In an attempt to establish criterion related validity (concurrent type) the results of the Well-Star and the results of Health Promoting Lifestyle II (Walker & Hill-Polerecky, 1996) which was adapted for Turkish by Bahar, Beser, Gordes, Ersin and Kissal (2008) when administered were correlated (r=.76, p<.0001) which was considered quite satisfactory. Reliability was determined by calculating Chronbach’s Alpha was 0.86. Alpha values for sub-dimensions ranged from 0 .57 to 0.79. These results suggest that the instrument possesses acceptable validity and reliability. Findings were discussed according to literature. OzetIyilik haliyle ilgili modellerin ortakliklari iyilik halinin bir secim, surec, yasam bicimi oldugunu ve saglikli insanlarin ozelliklerini gostermesidir. Bu calismada, iyilik hali yildizi modeline dayali olarak universite ogrencileri icin bir olcegin gelistirilmesi ile ilgili yapilan psikometrik calismalar verilmistir. Madde yazim hazirliklari sonucunda madde havuzu icin dort psikolojik danisman egitimcisinden geri bildirim alinarak olcegin 59 maddelik uygulamaya hazir olan taslagi elde edilmistir. Arastirmada veriler uc farkli gruptan toplam 545 universite ogrencisinden edinilmistir. Aciklayici faktor analizi icin 291 ogrenciden elde edilen veriler kullanilmistir Yapilan analizleri sonucunda 24 maddeli ve bes boyutlu olcek elde edilmis ve 156 ogrenciye uygulanarak dogrulayici faktor analizi yapilmistir. Yapilan analiz sonucunda modelin dogrulandigi sonucuna ulasilmistir Buna gore olcege Iyilik Hali Yildizi Olcegi (IHYO) adi verilmistir. Toplam 98 ogrenci ile yapilan benzer olcekler gecerligi icin Bahar, Beser, Gordes, Ersin ve Kissal, (2008) tarafindan Turkce’ye uyarlanan Saglikli Yasam Bicimi Davranislari Olcegi II kullanilmis ve IHYO ile korelasyonu 0.76 bulunmustur. Yapilan guvenirlik calismalarinda olcegin toplami icin ictutarlik katsayisi r=0.86, alt boyutlarinkiler ise sirasiyla 0.79; 0.77; 0.63; 0.57 ve 0.71 olarak elde edilmistir. Elde edilen sonuclari IHYO’nun universite ogrencileri icin kullanilabilecek ozellikte oldugunu gostermektedir.

The ecocentric and anthropocentric attitudes of preschool children related to different environments Okul öncesi dönem çocukların farklı çevre konularına yönelik ekosantrik ve antroposentrik tutumları

Abstract: The aim of the study is to define the attitudes of preschool children towards four different environmental subjects in terms of their habits of consumption, protection of environment, recycling-reusing and living habits and to analyze the reflection of residential area to the attitude towards the environment. In this study, where ecocentric and anthropocentric attitudes to the environment were examined, design of phenomenology was used as a method of qualitative research. The study group in the research is composed of 41 children living in the rural (n=20) and urban (n=21) areas. The data were collected by using the interview form of The Children’s Attitudes toward the Environment Scale-Preschool Version (CATES-PV). During data analysis, the qualitative and quantitative methods were used together. In this respect, descriptive analysis was used to identify the attitudes of children related to environmental issues, and Chi-square test for two variables was used to determine the reflection of residential area to the attitude towards the environment. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the environmental attitudes of children to their habits of consumption, recycling and living was ecocentric at first. However, when the reasons for such attitudes were examined, these children were observed to have anthropocentric attitudes mostly. It was also determined that the children mostly had an ecocentric attitude only in the sub-dimension of environment protection. Moreover, the residential area of the children, whether it was rural or urban,was not a significant variable in the differentiation of their attitudes towards the environment. OzetArastirmanin amaci, okul oncesi egitime devam eden cocuklarin tuketim aliskanliklari, cevreyi koruma, geri donusum-yeniden kullanim ve yasam aliskanliklari bakimindan dort farkli cevresel konuya yonelik tutumlarinin belirlenmesi ve yasadiklari yerin cevreye yonelik tutuma yansimasinin incelenmesidir. Cevreye yonelik tutumlarin ekosantrik ve antroposentrik bakis acisi cercevesinde incelendigi bu calismada nitel arastirma yontemlerinden fenomenoloji deseni kullanilmistir. Arastirmanin calisma grubunu kirsal (n=20) ve kentsel (n=21) bolgelerde yasayan toplam 41 cocuk olusturmaktadir. Arastirma verileri The Children’s Attitudes toward the Environment Scale-Preschool Version (CATES-PV) gorusme formu araciligiyla toplanmis ve verilerin analiz surecinde nitel ve nicel analiz yontemleri bir arada kullanilmistir. Cocuklarin cevre konularina yonelik tutumlarini belirlemek icin betimsel analiz kullanilirken; yasanilan yerin cevreye yonelik tutumlar uzerindeki yansimasini belirlemek amaciyla Iki Degisken icin Kay-Kare Testi uygulanmistir. Arastirma sonucunda, cocuklarin tuketim aliskanliklari, geri donusum ve yasam aliskanliklari konularina iliskin cevresel tutumlarinin ilk bakista ekosantrik oldugu ancak bu tutumlarinin nedenleri incelendiginde cogunlukla antroposentrik tutuma sahip olduklari belirlenmistir. Cocuklarin sadece cevreyi koruma alt boyutunda cogunlukla ekosantrik tutuma sahip olduklari saptanmistir. Ayrica cocuklarin yasadiklari yerin kentsel veya kirsal olmasinin, cevreye yonelik tutumlarin farklilasmasinda onemli bir degisken olmadigi tespit edilmistir.

Opinions of academic staff about distance education Akademik personelin uzaktan eğitim hakkindaki görüşleri

Abstract: It is of great importance to explore the opinions of learners and academic staff about distance education for institutions which aim to apply it in order to identify the institutional readiness and make necessary preparations in addition to improve the quality of education for the institutions which has already running distance education. The purpose of this study is to find out the views of academic staff on distance education who lecture via distance education at Namik Kemal University (NKU). A total of 33 academic staff teach the Common Compulsory Courses (OZD) via distance education at NKU. 15 of the participants (45.45%) took place in the current study. The obtained data were analysed based on content analysis which is one of the qualitative data analysis method. The participants generally reported that theoretical or verbal courses can be given through distance education, however the courses which require practice and interaction cannot .While the recurrent themes in the data set regarding positive aspects of distance education were time-place independent (Anywhere-Anytime), the opportunity for reviews, and enriched content, lack of interaction, lack of attendance of learners and its decreasing the importance of the courses were identified as negative sides. As for the effect of distance education on student motivation, while participants reported generally positive opinions, regarding self-autonomy they stated negative views because of the current student profiles. Distance education was claimed to increase the awareness of learners and make them responsible for their own learning, additionally to strengthen self-control as the attendance to online courses is optional. In general, it was supported as a positive effect on the instructor roles. In this study, the most reported theme as the most powerful side of distance education was time and place independence. Additionally, technological flaws, lack of interaction, the decreasing of motivation, lack of practice, lack of hardware and difficulty of control were identified as weaknesses. It is considered that the findings of the study could guide the institutions which apply distance education and shed light on further research studies. For the institutions who will start distance education it is strongly suggested that necessary preparations should be made in order to increase readiness level of learners and instructors, develop content and prevent possible technical problems before applying distance education. Providing academic staff with in-service training, getting feedback during the distance education and making necessary changes will improve the quality of education offered. Ozet Uzaktan ogretim yapan kurumlarin, sunduklari egitimin kalitesini artirmalari icin, uzaktan egitime yeni baslayacak kurumlarin da gerekli hazirliklari iyi bir sekilde yapabilmeleri icin konuya iliskin ogrenci, ogretim elemani gorusleri almalari kurumsal hazirbulunusluk duzeylerini tespit etmeleri acisindan onemlidir. Bu calismanin amaci, Namik Kemal Universitesi’nde (NKU) suanda uzaktan egitim yolu ile ders veren ogretim elemanlarinin uzaktan egitim hakkindaki goruslerini almaktir. Arastirmaya NKU de Ortak Zorunlu Dersleri (OZD) uzaktan egitim yolu ile veren toplam 33 ogretim elemanindan 15’i (%45,45) katilmistir. Arastirmada elde edilen verilerin incelenmesinde nitel veri analizi yontemlerinden icerik analizi yontemi kullanilmistir. Katilimcilar genel olarak teorik veya sozel derslerin uzaktan egitim yolu ile verilebilecegini ancak uygulamali derslerin ve etkilesim gerektiren derslerin uzaktan egitim yolu ile verilemeyecegini ifade etmislerdir. Uzaktan egitimin olumlu yonleri olarak zaman ve mekândan bagimsiz olmasi, tekrar imkani sunmasi ve zengin icerik sunulmasi temalari one cikarken, olumsuz yon olarak etkilesim eksikligi, derse katlimin az olmasi ve ogrencilerin gozunde dersin onemini azaltmasi temalari agirlik kazanmistir. Uzaktan egitimin ogrenci motivasyonuna etkisi konusunda ise katilimcilar genellikle olumlu kanaate sahipken oz denetim konusunda mevcut ogrenci profilinden dolayi olumsuz kanaat bildirmislerdir. Genel olarak ogretici rollerine olumlu katki saglayacagi kanaati ortaya cikmistir. Bu calismada zaman ve mekandan bagimsizlik en guclu yon olarak karsimiza cikmistir. Uzaktan egitimin zayif yanlari olarak da teknolojik aksakliklar, etkilesimi azaltmasi, motivasyonu dusurmesi, uygulama yapilamamasi, donanim eksikligi, sosyal hayattan uzaklastirmasi ve kontrol zorlugu temalari ortaya cikmistir. Elde edilen bulgularin suanda uzaktan egitim yapan kurumlara rehberlik edecegi, bu konuda calisma yapacak olan arastirmacilara isik tutacagi dusunulmektedir. Uzaktan egitim yapacak olan kurumlarin, ogreticilerin ve ogrencilerin hazirbulunusluk duzeylerini artirma, icerik hazirlama ve muhtemel teknik aksakliklarin onunu alma konusunda gerekli on hazirliklari yaptiktan sonra uzaktan egitime baslamalari daha uygun olacaktir. Hizmetici egitimlerle ogretim elamanlarinin desteklenmesi ve uzaktan egitim suresince geri bildirimler alinarak gerekli degisikliklerin yapilmasi da sunulan egitimin kalitesini artiracaktir.

The perspective of history pre-service teachers’ towards the use of digital storytelling in educational environments Tarih öğretmeni adaylarının öğretim ortamlarında dijital hikâye anlatımı etkinliğinin kullanımına yönelik görüşleri

Abstract: Digital storytelling, telling a story with words, images and sounds to create a digital project, is a popular method among educators and researchers. Use of digital storytelling method in classrooms provides many advantages such as supporting 21st century skills for teachers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the history pre-service teachers’ perspective about using of digital storytelling in educational environments. The study was designed qualitative method. Data are collected with semi-structured interview form. The eight pre-service teachers participated in the study that enrolled in History Education at Gazi University. Two coders construct two schemas from data, and then schemas were revised and determined three themes. These themes are (1) the definition of digital storytelling, (2) the benefits of digital storytelling, and (3) the difficulties in the process of creating digital stories. In conclusion, the participants state that digital storytelling has positive effects/contributions on enhancing students’ motivation and creative thinking skills. In addition, all of the participants state that they will use digital storytelling activities in educational environments when they are in-service. Ozet Teknolojinin ucuzlamasi ve yayginlasmasiyla, dijital hikâye anlatimi her bireyin firsat bulabilecegi kolay bir etkinlik olarak karsimiza cikmaktadir. Bu durum, dijital hikâye anlatimi etkinliginin egitimciler ve arastirmacilar arasinda populer hale gelmesine olanak saglamaktadir. Bu arastirmanin amaci, tarih ogretmeni adaylarinin ogretim ortamlarinda dijital hikâye anlatimi etkinliginin kullanilmasina yonelik goruslerinin arastirilmasidir. Arastirmaya, Gazi Egitim Fakultesi Tarih Egitimi Anabilim Dali2.sinifta okuyan 8 ogretmen adayi katilmistir. Verilerin toplanmasinda yari yapilandirilmis gorusme formu kullanilmistir. Verilerin analizi asamasinda iki kodlayici, verilerden iki ayri sema olusturmus ve bu semalar yeniden gozden gecirilerek uc ortak tema belirlenmistir. Bu temalar (1) dijital hikâye anlatimin tanimi, (2) dijital hikâye anlatiminin faydalari, (3) dijital hikâye olusturma surecinde yasanan zorluklar seklindedir. Arastirma sonunda ogretmen adaylari, dijital hikâye anlatim etkinliginin ogretim surecinde kullanilmasinin ogrenci katilimi, motivasyon ve yaratici dusunme becerisi acisindan pek cok egitsel avantajinin oldugunu belirtmislerdir. Buna ek olarak butun katilimcilar, bu etkinligi gorev yapacaklari sinif ortamlarinda kullanacaklarini ifade etmislerdir.

Child marriages in Turkey with different aspects

Abstract: Child marriages are one of the most improtant reasons of gender inequality in the family in Turkey, as well as a widespread social problem we face is seen all over the world. This situation increases the need for child marriages to be viewed from a different dimension to the phenomenon and to reveal all aspects of this problem. The issue of child marriages are being addressed in the literature in recent years has been the subject of research in different disciplines, but most of the work is focused on a single dimension of child marriage or depending on the specific area it seems they are trying to identify child marriage. In current study, although carried to contribute to the debate on the concept of child marriage, legal issues, medical, economic, social and political dimensions are presented with an integrated approach. In present study, it has been found that child marriages are an important result of observed gender inequalities in social, political, and economic life and child marriages have been found to cause to continue the gender inequality on women’s lives. However, the cultural codes, values and inequalities, the deterioration of the family structure, social movements, and migration are seen to have an impact on child marriages. In this study, many suggestions are offered to solve the problem of child marriages such as ensuring gender equality in childhood, abandoning conditioning on gender roles, and increasing education level and the law enforcement.