Showing papers in "Journal of Substance Abuse in 1991"

TL;DR: Higher tenure rates showed higher tenure rates when specialized professionals diagnosed problems and defined treatment plans, when service needs were addressed, when client attitudes and satisfaction were high, and when methadone dose was higher.

TL;DR: Results indicate that the quality of social resources reported during treatment was related to alcohol- and drug-use status post-treatment, with abstainers reporting more nonusing supports than teens who returned to heavy drug use.

TL;DR: Although U.S. and Canadian surveys have found little evidence of major changes in drinking levels or drinking problems among women in general, change may be occurring within certain subgroups of women based on age, ethnicity, employment, or marital status.

TL;DR: Both male and female alcoholics who were diagnosed as having ASP reported higher alcoholism among their fathers than those with depression or no other diagnoses, and ASP alcoholics reported poorer 1-year treatment outcomes than non-ASP alcoholics.

TL;DR: Assessment of postdischarge substance use and hospital readmission rates did not reveal any adverse effects from participation in the stop-smoking program and smoking cessation subjects were more likely to continue inpatient treatment at least 30 days following study enrollment.

TL;DR: A definition of eating disorders is presented and the rate of coprevalence of Eating disorders and substance abuse is addressed; the mechanism of the coprevals; the clinical similarities of these disorders; and the future directions are addressed.

TL;DR: The psychometric properties of a 17-item measure specifically designed to assess drinking problems in older adults suggest that the Drinking Problems Index is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing problems associated with drinking in surveys of older persons.

TL;DR: The multiple risk-factor approach using 2-year longitudinal data from a sample of seventh graders expanded and found that the problem risk index was strongly correlated with polydrug use at Time 1 and increased polydrugUse at Time 2.

TL;DR: The gap between the two groups narrowed following treatment, suggesting the convergence of the alcoholics to their age and gender cohort baseline may potentially occur over time, demonstrating the effect of aging on long-term health care costs.

TL;DR: The treatment of cocaine abusers is a newly emerging discipline and several attempts have been made to create integrated outpatient approaches that address the multiple needs of the cocaine abusers.

TL;DR: Despite significant change in smoking patterns among women during the 1980s, the toll in tobacco-related morbidity and mortality remains high and will continue to rise for some diseases (e.g., lung cancer).

TL;DR: Current smokers differed from experimenters, ex-smokers, and never smokers on a number of factors that are argued to underlie perceptions of risk: They perceived less personal risk, less severe health consequences, greater benefits relative to risks, and perceived smoking to be less avoidable.

TL;DR: The results from seven studies suggest that both adding nicotine gum to a psychological therapy and adding a psychological Therapy to nicotine gum increase long-term quit rates among smokers.

TL;DR: The major effects of maternal alcohol use during pregnancy are decreased fetal growth, morphologic abnormalities, and CNS impairment, and if all three are present, with a characteristic facies in the infant, fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is diagnosed.

TL;DR: Investigation of the chronic toxicity of khat in mice indicated a dose-dependent decrease in body weight, an increase in the incidence of mortality and induction of site specific body and eye lesions.

TL;DR: Although much evidence remains to be gathered concerning the question of whether or not alcoholism is genetically mediated to the same degree in women as it is in men, there is no reason to rule out this possibility at the present time.

TL;DR: The findings of this study demonstrate that safe-sex instructional techniques designed for adolescents and young adults may benefit by focusing partly on responsible alcohol use and suggest that older adolescent/young adult males may engage in riskier sexual behavior when using alcohol.

TL;DR: This work is concerned with the abuse of alcohol, its biological effects, behavioral effects, abuses, and problems, and related disorders, that is, smoking and eating disorders.

TL;DR: The results suggest that it is premature to assume the IDS items can be subsumed into eight high-risk categories, but there is strong evidence that theIDS assesses three categories of high- risk situations, and some suggestion that two additional situations also may be assessed.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the instrument possesses adequate psychometric properties such as a stable factor structure, internal consistency, and temporal stability, and there exists little empirical evidence to justify its widespread use in clinical practice.

TL;DR: Findings support speculation, particularly that of family theorists, that eating-disordered behavior may be a symptom response and/or coping strategy for women in dysfunctional families.

TL;DR: The results showed a significant effect of 2 mg nicotine compared to no gum at 2 days post-cessation on the prevalence of the following symptoms: anxious/tense, difficulty concentrating, restless, impatient, somatic symptoms, insomnia, increased eating, and drowsiness.

TL;DR: Examination of the experimental conditions that are required to produce positive test results indicates that passive inhalation does not have a major effect outside the laboratory and should not affect drug test results in the workplace.

TL;DR: A cross-cultural perspective shows that too narrow a focus on the social, psychological, and physical problems that excessive drinkers incur has severely hampered the understanding of women's diverse roles with respect to alcohol.

TL;DR: Development of a measure of parallel dimensions of cognitive and behavioral dysfunction related to substance abuse is described, with alcohol abusers demonstrating greater intensity or degree of dysfunction in several areas on admission to treatment.

TL;DR: The randomized natural experiment provided by the military draft lotteries of 1970, 1971, and 1972 is used to compare alcohol consumption in men born in the years 1950, 1951, and 1952 and the indirect association between draft eligibility and any health outcome is found to be unassociated with alcohol consumption.

TL;DR: In this article, the association of alcohol consumption and liver cirrhosis was reviewed, focusing on possible biases of study design and the following variables: daily alcohol consumption (as opposed to intermittent binge drinking), amount of alcohol consumed, longer duration of alcohol abuse, and being female were associated with the increased risk of liver cancer.

TL;DR: This study compared the change processes that psychologists report using when treating clients and when treating themselves for alcohol abuse to replicate earlier research in that employment of particular change processes varied as a function of theoretical orientation for psychology' client change but not for psychologists' self-change.

TL;DR: The efforts of the research program to identify markers for alcoholism risk broadly fall within the domain of temperament and those which may be described as attentional or information-processing capacities, which suggest a relationship between personality or temperament on the one hand, and cardiac responsivity on the other.