Showing papers in "Journal of Sustainable Tourism in 1993"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an evolving global approach for sustainable tourism. But they do not consider the impact of climate change on the tourism industry, and they focus on sustainability issues.
Abstract: (1993). Sustainable Tourism: An Evolving Global Approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1-5.
669 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that a number of structural realities or "fundamental truths" about tourism exist that explain why adverse impacts are felt, regardless of the type of tourism activity.
Abstract: Tourism's effects on the social, cultural and physical environments in which it operates are well documented. Yet, it appears that little research has been conducted examining the underlying reasons why such impacts appear to be inevitable. This paper argues that a number of structural realities or ‘fundamental truths’ about tourism exist that explain why adverse impacts are felt, regardless of the type of tourism activity. Eight such truths are examined. They are: (1) As an industrial activity, tourism consumes resources, creates waste and has specific infrastructure needs. (2) As a consumer of resources, it has the ability to over consume resources. (3) Tourism, as a resource dependent industry must compete for scarce resources to ensure its survival. (4) Tourism is a private sector dominated industry, with investment decisions being based predominantly on profit maximisation. (5) Tourism is a multi-faceted industry, and as such, it is almost impossible to control. (6) Tourists are consumers, n...
300 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors draw on media and marketing material to argue that by combining the myth of the return to "the golden age of travel" with that of images of a return to nature, the tourist is, willingly, being seduced into believing that they/we are in fact sophisticated, eco-sensitive travellers.
Abstract: The paper draws on media and marketing material to argue that by combining the myth of the return to ‘the golden age of travel’ with that of images of a ‘return to nature’, the ‘thinking’ tourist is, willingly, being seduced into believing that they/we are in fact sophisticated, eco-sensitive travellers. The corollory of this cosy conspiracy is that tourism products deemed acceptable to this market have come to be regarded (wrongly) as being synonymous with sustainability. The process becomes one of smug satisfaction, of self-justifying growth and of expansion and spread of tourism. The paper examines what is actually being achieved in practice and suggests that examples of tourism ‘successes’, currently being lauded as role-models of sustainable tourism are at best simply examples of good tourism practice. Despite the industry's protestations to the contrary, these should not automatically be regarded as suitable practices to adopt. It draws the conclusions that the proposed solutions are just a...
233 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential benefits of linking interpretation and sustainable tourism and assesses a number of the pitfalls or difficulties which are involved are discussed, including the dangers of over-interpretation, intrusion, creating ‘quaint’ tourist landscapes, and those of elitism.
Abstract: From the outset, proponents of sustainable tourism have, consciously or not, set great store by interpretation, and gradually the linkages between sustainable tourism and interpretation have begun to be developed. This discussion examines the potential benefits of linking interpretation and sustainable tourism and assesses a number of the pitfalls or difficulties which are involved. The potential benefits include improved visitor management, local economic and environmental gains and fuller community involvement. Among the several pitfalls of linking interpretation and sustainable tourism which are considered are the dangers of over-interpretation, intrusion, creating ‘quaint’ tourist landscapes, and those of elitism.
151 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a pilot study showed that in a tourist area of Bali (a) visitors are not necessarily being offered what they want, and (b) traditional food is not being preserved.
Abstract: Studies of the social significance of food and eating have mostly been left to social anthropologists and social historians. Often it has not appeared as part of the cultural environment that is offered as a tourist package. If a culture is to prove sustainable in the face of tourism, then traditional and ethnic foods must be preserved along with other art forms. This pilot study shows that in a tourist area of Bali (a) visitors are not necessarily being offered what they want, and (b) traditional food is not being preserved.
98 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new regional sustainable development framework called the Environmentally Based Tourism Development Planning Model is described, which is grounded in environmental conservation and seeks to advance environmentally compatible sustainable tourism through the identification of "significant features", "critical areas" and "compatible activities".
Abstract: The report of the World Commission on Environment and Development (Brundtland Commission) in 1987 advocates the integration of the two in the form of sustainable development However, it makes no reference to the environment and tourism. It is argued here that the two can be integrated through environmentally appropriate planning for tourism development and tourism activities. Area development planning models are briefly reviewed as well as those applicable to environmental conservation and protection planning. A new regional sustainable development framework called the Environmentally Based Tourism Development Planning Model is described. It is grounded in environmental conservation and seeks to advance environmentally compatible sustainable tourism through the identification of ‘significant features’, ‘critical areas’ and ‘compatible activities’. Although incorporating aspects of the rational approach to planning, the role of people as part of the ecosystem is emphasised, and the opinions of man...
92 citations
TL;DR: The Bali Sustainable Development Project (BSDP) as discussed by the authors is described and the procedures, definitions and criteria employed in the formulation of a sustainable development strategy for Bali are presented.
Abstract: The Bali Sustainable Development Project (BSDP) is described and the procedures, definitions and criteria employed in the formulation of a sustainable development strategy for Bali are presented. Tourism is a major agent of change in Bali so that it has considerable implications for sustainable development there. The BSDP experience indicates the great importance of cultural sensitivity and linkages with and utilisation of existing institutional frameworks when working in an international collaborative context. Pervasive concerns, regardless of culture, are intersectoral linkages and topdown, bottom-up relationships.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate an objective means of determining the impact tourism development has on rural residents' quality of life, using census data from rural counties in a US state.
Abstract: Over the past decade, many rural communities have been encouraged to incorporate tourism in their economic development strategies. Tourism is increasingly seen as a potential basic industry providing employment opportunities, income and economic diversity. However, concerns over the potential impacts have created a demand for comprehensive planning and research on the effects of tourism development on residents' quality of life. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate an objective means of determining the impact tourism development has on rural residents' quality of life. Using census data from rural counties in a US state, the findings suggest that tourism development is a viable means of improving the quality of life in rural communities. However, as in the case of any economic development alternatives, there are a number of underlying consequences that should be anticipated and planned for in pursuing a tourism development strategy that is appropriate and sustainable.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors address some of the problems that arise out of the special characteristics history and circumstances have given to employment in the tourism sector and propose ways in which quality of experience at the workplace can be added for tourism employees.
Abstract: This paper addresses some of the problems that arise out of the special characteristics history and circumstances have given to employment in the tourism sector. Impetus for the paper was provided by field work conducted in Sri Lanka and the Cook Islands as part of a Tourism Master Planning Consultancy, and my own experiences as a working chef during two periods in London. The findings provide a suitable stage for examining the perceived wisdom surrounding the nature of tourism employment. In particular, we emphasise that while tourism jobs provide value-added for both employer and holidaymaker through so-called ‘people skills’, these important skills seem not to be counted when remunerating employees. The role of expatriates in training is looked at, as is the role of government. We conclude with some concrete ideas about ways in which quality of experience at the workplace can be added for tourism employees. Without this, the long-term sustainability of this ‘people industry’ will be vulnerable.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a case study of the nature of the New Zealand heritage trails programme run by the Natural Heritage Foundation, and the means by which stakeholders, particularly the Maori people, were incorporated into the product development and how this has assisted in ensuring that the product is acceptable to both host and guest.
Abstract: This paper provides a case study of the nature of the New Zealand heritage trails programme run by the New Zealand Natural Heritage Foundation. Established in 1988, the Foundation has developed a programme of heritage tourism products that seek to integrate environmental and cultural education with the tourist experience. The case study focuses on the means by which stakeholders, particularly the Maori people, were incorporated into the product development and how this has assisted in ensuring that the product is acceptable to both host and guest.
6 citations
TL;DR: A survey of key sectors of the tourism industry revealed that there is a high level of dissatisfaction with current environmental management practices in Fiji as mentioned in this paper, and that the main constraint to investment in nature tourism is the structure of landowning in Fiji.
Abstract: This study investigated the perceptions of the tourism industry to environmental management issues in Fiji. A survey of key sectors of the tourism industry revealed that there is a high level of dissatisfaction with current environmental management practices. The study identified a strong recognition by the tourism industry operators of the links between the natural environment and tourism. Respondents strongly favoured an expansion of current park and reserve provision on a user pays basis. According to the respondents, the main constraint to investment in nature tourism is the structure of landowning in Fiji. It is proposed that the impact of landownership patterns on nature tourism in various South Pacific countries be investigated further. Industry preoccupation with the two issues of general cleanliness and rubbish on the foreshore suggest a superficial understanding of environmental issues. The provision of information to industry and to local communities in tourism receiving areas concerni...
TL;DR: Krippendorf et al. as discussed by the authors discuss sustainable tourism in the context of sustainable tourism, and present a survey of the main challenges and solutions.(1993). Interview: Jost Krippendorff.
Abstract: (1993). Interview: Jost Krippendorf. Journal of Sustainable Tourism: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 55-60.
TL;DR: The UK Government organised a conference in London on sustainable tourism on 16-17 November 1992 as one of a series of events during the UK's Presidency of the EC as mentioned in this paper, which identified tourism as a priority action area.
Abstract: The European Commission's fifth Community action programme Towards Sustainability, published in March 1992, identifies tourism as one of five priority action areas. The UK Government organised this conference in London on sustainable tourism on 16–17 November 1992 as one of a series of events during the UK's Presidency of the EC. Dr Bill Bramwell of Sheffield Hallam University examines some of the highlights among the presentations made by leading tourism policy makers and environmentalists.
TL;DR: A conference was held at The Roehampton Institute, London on 2-3 September 1992 with the main aim being to bring together those involved in tourism education and those from the industry to discuss the future of tourism marketing.
Abstract: This conference was held at The Roehampton Institute, London on 2–3 September 1992 with its main aim being to bring together those involved in tourism education and those from the industry to discuss the future of tourism marketing. Organised jointly by Tina Bryant (University of Hertfordshire) and John Eade (Roehampton Institute), the event attracted delegates mainly from the academic community, with members of the tourism industry conspicuous by their absence! Ray Youell of Sheffield Hallam University describes the somelime contrasting perspectives evident at the conference.
TL;DR: A two-day seminar on nature tourism was held at the Whitianga campus of the Bay of Plenty Polytechnic in New Zealand as mentioned in this paper, which attracted over 80 people from the northern half of New Zealand and included tourism operators, local government representatives, academics and interested members of the local community.
Abstract: On the 10th and 11th November 1992, a two-day seminar on nature tourism was held at the Whitianga campus of the Bay of Plenty Polytechnic in New Zealand. The seminar attracted over 80 people from the northern half of New Zealand and included tourism operators, local government representatives, academics and interested members of the local community. Dr C. Michael Hall describes the objectives of this regional forum as well as the lessons learnt.