Showing papers in "KEMAS: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat in 2021"

Linking ASI-Mobile Android-Based App on Mothers Attitude and Behavior on Exclusive Breastfeed

Abstract: Exclusive breastfeeding within the Palangka Raya municipality is far below target, on which 14,99% (2016) and 16,76% (2017), respectively. There were several primary health has the feeding bout, only cover 2,58%. Due to a lack of mothers knowledge, regarding beneficial and proper breastfeeding practices. Todays technology presumably has the advantages as promotional media. The study was aimed to quantify the android-based application, so-called ASI-Mobile, towards mothers attitude and behavior, on exclusive breastfeeding within Jekan Raya district, Palangka Raya Municipality, Central Kalimantan. The Research was conducted in March - October 2019, using a quasi-experimental design, and the sample was 60 pregnant women, in the third trimester period, over the Jekan Raya District areas. ASI-Mobile was subjected to 30 pregnant women, while others 30 mothers by counseling, the conventional promotion type. Purposive sampling was used, their socio-economic was collected, descriptive analysis was conducted. Bivariate analysis, Wilcoxon ranked test was used to analyzed the effect of the treatments. We've have found a significant link on ASI-Mobile application toward mothers attitudes (p-value 0.046) and behavior (p-value 0.018). We concluded that the ASI-Mobile, an android-base application, is more effective towards shifting mothers attitudes and behavior on exclusive breastfeeding within our study area.

Fertility in North Sumatera: Why is it not declining?

Abstract: The results of the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) in 2017 confirm that although the prevalence of contraception is quite high, the fertility rate in North Sumatera Province is still high. Fertility decomposition analysis has been used extensively to identify changes in fertility in various countries. This study was conducted to determine the pattern of changes in fertility decomposition in North Sumatra by using IDHS data in 2002/03 and 2017. The total fertility rate (TFR) from 2002 to 2017 in this province relatively remains the same, which is around 3 children per woman. There was a change in the proximate contribution of the determinant of fertility. Contraceptive use and effectiveness are the main contributors affecting the fertility rate in North Sumatra Province. The contribution of breastfeeding patterns has increased and marital patterns have decreased over a period of 15 years. The implementation of population and family planning programs in North Sumatra Province needs to be continuously improved to reach a TFR of 2.1 children per woman by 2024. Promotion of exclusive breastfeeding needs to be encouraged to extend the birth interval and reduce natural fertility. Prevention programs for child marriage and teenage pregnancy should be promoted.

Improving Health Behavior Standard Through Modern Islamic Boarding School

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to explain health behavior standard of modern Islamic boarding school. The sample was determined purposively in Modern Islamic Boarding School in Banten Province, of Indonesia and respondents were 90 people with simple random techniques. This research uses descriptive quantitative method and data from the questionnaires. The results of this research showed that health behavior residents of Islamic boarding schools can be improved by predisposing factors such as (category of fairly good education and good income category), enabling factors (facilities for clinic/poskestren included: room/place, the medical and non-medical equipment and medicines in the good category) and strengthening factors (cadres of Poskestren, management aspect of clinic/poskestren, aspect of observation on the health and from the aspect of healthy behavior in the good category). A dominant factor to improving health behavior residents of Islamic boarding schools is the reinforcing factor.

Knowledge & Attitudes towards Family Use of Maternal Child Health Handbook

Abstract: The use of the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) handbook requires family support, but the utilization of the MCH Handbook by the family is still low. The objectives of this research are to know the extent MCH Handbook used by the family and the factors related to it. This is an explanatory research with a cross-sectional design. The study sample is the total population in Kemawi Village, which is 60 families who have pregnant woman or baby or toddler. The results of rank-spearman correlation showed that there is a strong and positive relation between knowledge with the use of MCH Handbook (rs = 0.571, p = 0.0001) and between attitude and the use of MCH Handbook (rs = 0.468, p = 0.0001). Multivariate analysis with binary logistic regression showed that the knowledge (OR =4.9) and attitude (OR=11.9) variables had a significant influence  together on the use of the MCH handbook with probability is 74.3% . It is suggested to village midwives to increase counseling to the community about MCH Handbook related to mother’s health in the postpartum period, especially regarding family attitudes towards the MCH Handbook.

Liver Function, Leucocyte, and Blood Pressure Levels with Acute Stroke Functional Outcomes

Abstract: Several studies have shown that there is an increase in bilirubin levels, leukocytes, and blood pressure in acute phase strokes. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between liver function levels, leucocytes, and blood pressure with the functional outcome of acute stroke. The method was a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 30 people who were selected by consecutive non-random sampling method, clinically proven acute stroke patients, and computed tomography (CT) scan. They were studied at the General Hospital of the Adam Malik Center. Demographic data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that all subjects did not differ in terms of demographic characteristics. This study concluds that there is no relation between liver function (total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [AST], serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase [SGPT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP]), leukocytes, and blood pressure with acute stroke functional outcome. The functional outcome in acute hemorrhagic stroke is worse than acute ischemic stroke. Higher levels of liver function, leucocytes, and blood pressure were found in patients with the worse functional outcome though not significantly associated.

Factors of Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure on School Children in An Agricultural Area, Indonesia

Abstract: Organophosphate is widely used in agriculture in Indonesia and contributes to a public health problem. However, the risk factors of organophosphate exposure, particularly in children living in the agricultural area, have not been described. The research aimed to assess the risk factors associated with organophosphate pesticide exposure on school children living in the agricultural area. This work was a cross-sectional study in 2017 with 166 school children were selected by simple random sampling. Structured questionnaires identified risk factors. Organophosphate metabolites detected by using LC-MS/MS. While chi-square and binary logistic tests as statistical analysis (I±=0.05; 95%CI). In 28.9% of subjects, organophosphate metabolites were detected. Cut the onion leaves (p=0.002, OR=3.33, 95% CI:1.55−7.15), the onion, pesticide equipment, or pesticide in their neighbors (p=0.007; OR=2.67; 95%CI:1.31−5.46) was associated with organophosphate pesticide exposure. Involvement in agriculture activities and the onion, pesticide equipment, or pesticide in the neighbor.

Relationship between Smoking and Hereditary with Hypertension

Abstract: Smoking describes overt behavior where smokers inhale tobacco. High blood pressure describes the condition of systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and diastolic ≥ 90 mmHg at 2 times checking blood pressure measurements within 5 minutes duration in calm conditions. This type of research is an observational analytic method with a cross-sectional approach. Sampling using is a purposive sampling method. Data were analyzed by Chi-Square Test. Using Chi-Square test analysis prove p-value = 0. 016 which is less than the significance value (0.05), proves that there is an important relationship between smoking habits with high blood events and there is a relationship between the generation aspect and high blood events and by using the Chi-Square test proves p-value = 0. 023 were less than the significance value (0.05). There is a link between smoking and the history of generation to the hypertension event in the area of the Makassar City Health Center of Barombong. It can be applied by respondents and families in helping to lower blood pressure in an efficient and efficient way by avoiding aspects that can be replaced.

Analysis of Accident and Occupational Diseases with HAZOP Method and The Risk Control of Batik Papringan Workers, Banyumas

Abstract: Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is an important aspect to pay attention to in the workplace. This is due to the workplace environment that has potential hazards and risks that can cause work-related accidents and diseases. Accidents and occupational diseases need to be prevented and minimized because they reduce work productivity and harm workers and business owners. The risk of accidents and occupational diseases also exists in the informal batik sector. One of the informal Batik sectors in Banyumas Regency is Batik Papringan. Papringan Batik workers have not implemented the OSH Standard Operational Procedure (SOP). This causes workers to experience health complaints such as coughing, itching, and musculoskeletal conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze occupational accidents and diseases with the Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) and its control. The research objective was to determine the hazards and risks of accidents and diseases due to the work of Batik Papringan workers. The method used is the HAZOP method. The results showed that the stooped and static sitting posture, exposure to chemicals from wax smoke and dyes and the absence of 5R (Ringkas, Rapi, Resik, Rawat, Rajin) were hazards that pose extreme risks. Risk control in the form of ergonomic work place and equipment design and compliance with the 5R and the use of PPE are the most prioritized risk controls. The conclusion from this research is that the implementation of risk control in the form of ergonomic work place and equipment design, fulfilling the 5R and the use of PPE need to be done continuously to prevent accidents and occupational diseases. Keywords: Accident, diseases, HAZOP, control, batik

Low and High Glycemic Load Diet on Immune Responses of Adolescent Football Athletes

Abstract: High-intensity physical exercise causes physical stress that will suppress immune system in athlete’s body. Decreased immune system function can cause physiological and pathological changes such as fatigue, reduce athlete performance, and increase risk of infection. Regulation diets of glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are known to help control blood glucose during exercise so the immune system can be maintained.The purpose of this study was to determine differences effects of low and high glycemic load diets on immune responses in adolescent football athletes. This study was a quasi experimental with multiple time series design, conducted on 22 adolescent football athletes aged 15-17 years old. The subjects were divided into two groups, low GL diet group was given carbohydrate-source foods with GL 9.15, high GL diet group was given foods with GL 27.29. Diet was given once in the morning and 2 hours later subjects doing RAST (Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test) to trigger physical stress. Immune response was measure using total leukocytes and leukocytes differential count. There were no significant differences in blood glucose levels, leukocyte counts, and leukocytes differential count between low GL and high GL groups (p>0.05). Low GL diet causes an increase in blood glucose and total leukocytes smaller than high GL diet. Â

Chemical Composition and In vitro Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Effect of Nigella sativa L. Seed Extract

Abstract: Nigella sativa L. is a plant with high medicinal profile in the treatment of diseases. This study aimed to assess the chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial and cytotoxic effect of Nigella sativa L. seed extract. Seeds were purchased from supermarket and blended into powder using electric blender. The powder was macerated with 96% methanol. The extracts were then qualitatively screened to test the presence of secondary metabolites and agar well diffusion method was employed to study the antibacterial activity of extracts. In this evaluation, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to examine the cytotoxic effect of extract on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). MTT assay was done on different extract concentrations for 3 days and the results were recorded daily. The findings revealed the presence of tannins, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, alkaloids, phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The antibacterial activity was observed with the inhibition zones ranging from 11.3 ±1.1 to 16.3 ±1.5mm while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of extract ranged between 0.5 and 1.25 I¼g/mL. The black seed extracts contain bioactive substances with germicidal activity and in vitro administration of black seed extract up to the dose of 100 I¼g/mL resulted no cytotoxic effect on PBMCs.

Socioeconomic Status in Relation to Stunting and Motor Skill Development of Toddlers in Urban and Rural Areas

Abstract: The development of child motor skills is closely related to nutritional status. Stunted children generally experience delays in motor development. The objective was to determine the relationship between stunting, socioeconomic status, and children’s motor skill development. This research was conducted in 2018 using a cross-sectional method. Respondents were 80 children aged 48-60 months in urban and rural areas of West Java. The researcher used a simple random technique data collection on anthropometric, socioeconomic, and motor skills development. Then it was analyzed using chi-square and Fisher exact methods. The researcher used a simple random technique data collection on anthropometric, socioeconomic, and motor skills development. Then it was analyzed using chi-square and Fisher exact methods. We found that stunting prevalence in rural areas was higher than in urban areas. As much as 30 % of children in rural areas and only 12.5 % of children in urban areas were categorized as stunted. There is no significant association between stunting with the family’s socioeconomic status and motor skill development. The weight for the age variable showed a significant association with stunting. Children who are malnourished have a stunting risk of 10.9 times greater than normal children (OR 10.9 p < 0.001).

The Impact Langgams Music Instrumental of Javanese Style to Reduce Anxiety and Labor Pain

Abstract: Anxiety is a psychological factor that contributes to labor pain. The prevalence of mothers who experience anxiety before labor is 10-50%. Intervention to reduce anxiety and increase relaxation by listening to music. The research purpose is to analyze labor anxiety and pain to the group given intervention Langgam, music instrumental of Javanese style, with midwifery care routine. The research method used by Randomized Controlled Trial Experimental is an experimental study using random procedure to allocate various research factors to the research subject, so only the chance factor places the research subject into the intervention or control groups. There are 60 research subjects, the primiparous mothers, in the labor phase in Surakarta Hospital from December 2nd, 2019 - February 27th, 2020, with simple random sampling. Data analysis by Mann Whitney test and independent simple T-test. Result: For anxiety level, there is a significant difference between Javanese style Instrumental music (mean: 33.9) and midwifery care routine (mean: 37.9) with p value = 0.000. For labor pain, there is a significant difference between Javanese style Instrumental music (mean: 64.83) and midwifery care routine (mean: 76.13) with p value = 0.000. Conclusion: Langgam Music Instrumental of Javanese Style can reduce labor anxiety and pain in primiparous mothers in the first phase of active labor.

Risk of Pesticide Exposure on Impaired Level of Intelligence (IQ) of Children

Abstract: The shallot cropping pattern applied by farmers in the village of Pasir Demak is very likely to cause pollution. Pesticide contamination in pregnant women in the first trimester (3 months) can result in fetal death, low birth weight, and impaired intelligence (IQ). Preliminary research conducted in 2016 found that elementary schooler who came from Pasir Village, Demak had low learning achievement. It was an observational study with a cross-sectional approach; the respondents were Elementary Schooler grades 4, 5, and 6 (107 people) and the mothers of the students (107 people). Thus, the total respondents were 214 people. The IQ assessment instrument used the SPM and CPM instruments. The level of pesticide poisoning from the mother was to measure blood Cholin Esterase levels using a tintometer, the data were then statistically analyzed using Chi Square and Odd Ratio for risk factors. There were significant differences on the level of intelligence of children including the planting system p=0.002; room area p=0.047; ventilation area p=0.041; type of pesticide p=0.001; spraying before harvest p=0.007; spraying after harvest p=0.008; storage place for crop yields p=0.039, while the variables that did not show significant difference were the playing environment p=0.848; gestational age p=0.190; contact to pesticides p=0.105 and age p=0.418. Pesticide contamination in pregnant women in the 1st trimester which the time to process formation and development of the brain in the Temporal lobe and Frontal lobe will experience impaired learning and memory (IQ). Keywords : Elementary schooler; Pesticide exposure; Level of intelligence.

Z. mauritiana Leaves as Larvasidal Alternatives

Abstract: The development of resistance to chemical insecticides among mosquitos has been considered as a setback in vector control. However, the use of chemical insecticides is often toxic to both human and non-target animals, thus it needs the development of natural insecticides. This study aims to analyze the larvicidal effect of Z. mauritiana leaves as a natural larvicidal that is friendly to the environment. This research will outline the larvicidal effect of Z. mauritiana leaves and discuss the significance of addressing this natural larvicide against Aedes aegypti larvae. Methods and Material in this study, we developed a mosquito larvacide by extracting Z. mauritiana leaves with the maceration method. We extracted Z. mauritiana leaves into 5 different concentrations (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%) and its effect compared to the current chemical larvicide (1% of temephos). Data analysis was performed by using the computer and statistical of variance test One Way Anova. This experiment was successfully 100% killed Aedes aegypti in 24 hours of the intervention of 9% extract of Z. mauritiana leaves which was a powerful effect compare to recent studies. The intervention of concentration variations was significantly associated with larvae mortality (p ≤ 0,001).

Assessing the Quality of Life Among Commuting Workers and Uncomfortable Travel

Abstract: Many studies conclude commuting that has an impact on the quality of life of the commuter both in the physical, psychological, health, and environmental aspects of the commuter. Increased risk of musculoskeletal disorder (MSD), obesity, increased blood pressure, and low physical health conditions are found in prolonged commuting activities as the existing problem in public health. This study using cross sectional design with WHO QOL BREF questionnaire. Â The total sample 155 respondents of commuting working using KRL Commuter Line Bogor to Jakarta in 2018. The initial model for assessing the relationship directly and indirectly between quality of life among commuting workers and travel uncomfortable, health complaint, psychological condition, bad experience, and income was constructed on the basis of severe hypotheses Based on the results of the path analysis it was found that income has a direct effect on quality of life. Psychological conditions have a direct effect on quality of life. Psychological condition is intervening variable for travel uncomfortable and health complaints as indirect effect. These results may help to identify the direct factor to improve the quality of life among commuting workers and as a basis for developing policies to improve the quality of public transportation services for commuting workers, and as a basis for formulating policies related to housing development locations that are integrated with public transportation facilities.

Life Skills Education to Improvement of Teenager’s Knowledge, Attitude, Self-efficacy and Risk Health Behavior

Abstract: IDHS data shows adolescent risky behaviors such as smoking, alcohol, drugs and free sex tend an increasing from year to year. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of life skills education on adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy and prevention of health risk behaviors.This study was a quasi-experimental design with non-equivalent pre-test post-test control group. Of 28 and 60 adolescents at the villages of Sembukan and Sukoharjo, Wonogiri were selected purposively to participate in this study. Life skills education were conduted for 3 months, every week for 6 hours. At the end of the intervention adolescent’s ambassadors were formed called ”Narsis” to share and educate their peers. Data were analyzed by univariate, independent t-test mann whitney and paired t-test. The findings show that there was significant influence on providing lifeskills education to adolescent’s knowledge, attitudes, self efficacy and prevention health risk behaviour at the intervention group. Whilst, there was only a slight increase on knowledge and significantly decrease in attitudes and self-efficacy including the prevention risk behaviors of adolescents at control group. It is recommended that adolescents are necessary to provide intensive and comprehensive life skills education to prevent their risk behaviours.

Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs against the Resistance Level of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates

Abstract: Prolonged MDR-TB therapy can have side effects, namely a correlation between cure rates and changes in bacterial profiles related to resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATD) which can affect the incidence rate of MTB and MDR-TB in a region. The research objective was to analyze the effectiveness of the type of ATD against the resistance level of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates with the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) and MDR-TB. The research method used was a retrospective cohort based on tracing medical record data at the Surakarta City Center General Hospital 2016 until 2017 with total sampling. The independent variable of this study was the type of ATD, while the dependent variable was the resistance level of MTB isolates. The characteristics of the most patient respondent suspect TB were male with the level of resistance of MTB isolates to ATD relatively varied. The results of the analysis of different tests showed a p value of 0.000 so that the p value was <0.05, so there was an effect of the type of ATD (Strepttomycin, Isoniazid, Rifampicin and Ethambutol) on the resistance of TB isolates from patients with suspected TB. This is useful to determine the success of TB therapy in terms of mortality and the effectiveness of therapy in TB patients.

Parental Monitoring and Risk Behavior in Middle Adolescents

Abstract: Friends played significant role due to middle adolescents tended to imitate behaviour of their friends including the risk behaviour. Parental monitoring could minimize the risk. However, the excessive unreasonable parental monitoring tended to increase risk behaviour of middle adolescents. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to know whether perceived parental monitoring had a significant relationship with risk behaviour among middle adolescents. This study used quantitative method with two measuring instruments in the form of a questionnaire, Parental Monitoring Questionnaire which consisted of 25 items to measure parental monitoring and Adolescence Risk Behaviour Questionnaire which consisted of 15 items to measure risk behaviour. The participants in this study were 105 male senior high school student age 15-17 years, who lived with both of their parents in Jakarta. Correlation test results showed that there was a significant relationship between perceived parental monitoring and substance use, premarital sex, and criminal behaviour among middle adolescents. Based on these results, the researcher presented some discussion materials and the suggestions that needed to be considered for further research.

Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination Acceptance of Elementary School Student’s Parents

Abstract: A costless vaccination program had been implemented in Badung Regency, but there were parents of elementary schoolgirls who did not give written consents to their daughters for joining the program. The research intended to determine the factors of HPV vaccination program acceptability comprised of age, education level, knowledge, perception, and doctor recommendation. The research design was quantitative-based cross-sectional from January – May 2020. The population study was elementary schoolgirls’ parents in Badung Regency. The respondents were 92 parents who were selected based on two strata and using simple random sampling. The source of primary data was collected through interviews and online questionnaires. It was analyzed with descriptive and analytical techniques with a logistic regression test. The result showed that 64,13% of respondents accepted the HPV vaccination program. The multivariate analysis showed that the perceived barrier was the most influential factor towards the acceptability of the HPV vaccination program (AOR = 6,056; 95%CI 1,754-20,906). Education would be needed to decrease the barriers to the HPV vaccination program.

The Early Vigilance of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreak in the Community

Abstract: Early Awareness of Extraordinary Events of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) was asked to community (n= 130). Precautions were measured based on community knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Knowledge, attitude, and behavior are constructs (in the form of a composite variable) from an early awareness of DHF outbreak. The result showed that the knowledge related to the transmission factor and the proliferation of dengue disease was quite good (72.3%). The DHF risk control was also good (93.9%) while the dengue fever eradication was still poor (67.7%). However, the attitude showed that it is still not ready to act on the basis of consciousness. Meanwhile, the results of the data analysis identified that the model of the early awareness measurement on DHF outbreak which consisted of construct variables (knowledge, attitude, and action) were a perfect fit. Based on the measurement model, the level of community awareness on DHF disease can be measured. This showed that the level of early awareness of DHF disease was good 76.2% and only 3.8% were less alert. This means although the less alert percentage is quite small, if people have an attitude of indifference to the prevention of DHF then the impact will affect a wider community.

Rice Bran Substitution to Vitabran as A Snackyfication Trend Model and Diabetes Mellitus Prevention

Abstract: Snackyfication is a trend where snacks as a substitute for staple food are more efficient. On the other hand, the Diabetes Mellitus case increases, and it is related to unhealthy foods, so there is a need for healthy foods on the market. The research objective was to find which product formula would be recommended as Vitabran. Vitabran is made from rice bran, while additional ingredients are yellow sweet potato pulp, cornstarch, soy milk, flour, eggs, honey, baking powder, margarine, and oats. The formula tested consists of 2 variations of bran content (20% and 30%). The product was made of biscuits in the form of bars. The tests consisted of 1) organoleptic test 2) hedonic test. 3) proximate test and 4) Glycemic Index test. The final result of functional food substitution is a synergistic effect of the functional substances contained therein.

Loving Lactation of Massage Effectiveness to Accelerating Lactation Onset

Abstract: Failure to provide exclusive breastfeeding can be a factor in the occurrence of stunting. The reasons for not giving exclusive breastfeeding, among others, are because the breast milk has not yet come out. Massage is one of the most popular methods among the public. Loving lactation massage has not been widely used. This study aims to analyze the effect of Loving Lactation Massage on postpartum mothers on lactation onset. This type of research is Quasi Experimental with a non-randomized control group design. The population of postpartum mothers in the Perumnas II area of Pontianak City who gave birth to BPM Titin Widyaningsih with the number of samples is 51 people. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data analysis by univariate, bivariate. The hypothesis test used was Anova, with a significance of 95% (α = 5%). Results: The average occurrence of lactation onset in the untreated group was 57.17 hours. Conventional group massage 44.17 hours. In the Loving Lactation Massage group, 35.47 hours There was a significant difference between conventional and untreated lactation massage on lactation onset. ((p=0,004). There is a significant difference between the lactation massage with the loving lactation massage method and the untreated lactation onset (p=0,000). Statistically, there was no significant difference between the loving lactation massage method and the conventional method of lactation onset (p=0,079).

Altered Baseline of Plasma Glucagon Level in pre-Obese to very Obese Persons

Abstract: “Bihormonal hypothesis” is disturbances of both insulin and glucagon in diabetes mellitus. It resulted in a high blood glucose level. Interestingly, as one of Diabetes Mellitus’s risk factors and metabolic disorders, obesity may also play role in altering homeostasis and regulation of glucose metabolism in blood and its utilization in tissues. Unfortunately, there is limited information about the alteration of glucagon levels in various degrees of obesity. This research objective is to learn the plasma glucagon levels alteration in pre-obese, obese, and very obese persons in Jatinangor in 2015. We had observed 31 obese female subjects in one village. This study was conducted using descriptive quantitative with cross-sectional design. Blood vein samples from the left arm were collected, stored, and transferred to Dr.Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. Glucagon plasma was measured by the ELISA method. We discovered an interesting pattern that showed a correlation between glucose level and the glucagon level in a very obese group. We observed average glucose level is declined and linearly associate with the glucagon level from pre obese to obese and to very obese group. The average level of glucagon in the pre-obese group is 158.62 pg/mL, the obese group is 149.99 pg/mL, and the very obese group is 111.98 pg/mL.

Additional Feeding Based on Local Food to Improve The Nutritional Status of Tooddlers

Abstract: East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) occupies the first position in the incidence of malnutrition in Indonesia, with Kupang City as the third highest position in cases of malnutrition in NTT Province. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of supplemental feeding based on local food (Moringa nuggets) on improving status. Nutrition for toddlers. This research was conducted in 2020, using a quasi experimental research method with a pretest-posttest control group design. A total of 90 respondents were selected using purposive sampling technique. The data were collected using a questionnaire, anthropometric measurements to measure nutritional status, and recording weight gain at the beginning and end of moringa nuggets. Each research subject in the case group was given Moringa nuggets for 30 days as many as 3 pieces of nuggets per day, where each piece contained 11.4% protein. Data analysis was performed bivariately using the Pearson correlation test with α = 0.05 and pre-post comparison analysis with paired samples T-test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in changes in nutritional status of children under five before and after giving Moringa nuggets to underweight children under the anthropometric index of weight / age indicated by p = 0.041 (p <0.05). Meanwhile, the anthropometric index weight / height did not show a significant difference with a value of p = 0.052.

Environmental Sanitation, Personal Hygiene, STH Co-infection in TB Patients

Abstract: Globally, helminthiasis is one of the infectious diseases that are often associated with the incidence of tuberculosis. Helminth co-infection modulates the immune system of TB patients by reducing Th-1 response that functions as protector against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This condition disrupts the process of eliminating bacteria so that its development becomes more progressive. The impact is the activation of latent TB and the success of TB treatment. A Soil-transmitted Helminth (STH) is a group of intestinal worms that often infect humans. Previous studies prove that environmental sanitation and personal hygiene are risk factors associated with STH infection. The study to determine the relationship of environmental sanitation and personal hygiene with the incidence of STH co-infection in TB patients at Puskesmas Puger, Jember in September until December 2019. This study uses a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique uses total sampling. A total of 32 TB patients met the criteria as study sample. The data analysis uses Fisher Test. Results showed the prevalence of STH co-infection was relatively low (18.8%); most of the respondents had good environmental sanitation and personal hygiene conditions. Bivariate analysis showed p-value (0,476) for environmental sanitation and p-value (1,000) for personal hygiene. This study concludes that there is no correlation between environmental sanitation, personal hygiene, and STH co-infection in TB patients at Public health center in Puger.

Determinant Factors of Low Back Pain in Paving Block Workers

Abstract: Paving block workers are included in the informal sector and have a risk of lower back pain. Documenting the workers’ health status in the informal sector has not been done well so that workers do not get protection from the government. Heavy physical work puts pressure on the spine associated with repeated body twisting. This study aims to determine work attitude, length of employment, and exercise habits related to low back pain in Pontianak paving block workers in 2018. This type of research is observational with a cross-sectional approach. Sampling uses total sampling. The research sample of 56 paving block workers in the city of Pontianak, West Kalimantan. Data is processed with a computer program. Data analysis was performed univariate and bivariate and tested using the Chi-square test, with I± = 5%. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the length of the work (p = 0.013), work attitude (p-value = 0.038), and exercise habits (p = 0.003) with low back pain.

The Correlation between Caries and Quality of Life of Mentally Disabled Learners

Abstract: Introduction.  Mentally disabled learners have dental problems 30% more complex than the ordinary toddler. It is because they have intellectual function disorder and adaptive behavior. This condition caused limitations in cleaning teeth optimally. So it will increase the risk of caries. This study objective is to find the correlation between the quality of life and dental caries at mentally disabled learners. Method. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach to 118 learners in Sidoarjo, Indonesia, by total sampling. The variables in this study were quality of life (was measured with WHOQL-BREF index) and dental caries (was measured with DMF-T index). Tools and materials used are dental kids, alcohol 70%, cotton pellet, cotton roll, tampon, and WHOQL-BREF sheet. The data were presented descriptively in the form of a frequency distribution table, continued by Spearman Correlation test to analyze the correlation between the quality of life and dental caries at mentally disabled learners. Results. Most of the respondents are male (61%), with a range of age is 16-20 years old. The average quality of life for mentally disabled learners is the moderate category ( 65%). The average dental caries is considered as high. Spearman correlation shows p≤I±(0,05) means there is a correlation between dental caries and quality of life. Conclusion. There is a correlation between dental caries and the quality of life for mentally disabled learners.