Showing papers in "Nature in 1962"
TL;DR: Current procedures for the immunological assay of protein hormones in human plasma require the routine preparation of hormones labelled with iodine-131 of high specific activity, and this work demonstrates the importance of knowing the carrier and removal status of iodine.
Abstract: RECENT procedures for the immunological assay of protein hormones in human plasma1–3 require the routine preparation of hormones labelled with iodine-131 of high specific activity.
6,664 citations
4,153 citations
TL;DR: DISK electrophoresis on small columns of polyacrylamide gels, a new method for the separation of serum proteins, has been developed by Ornstein and Davis1,2.
Abstract: DISK electrophoresis on small columns of polyacrylamide gels, a new method for the separation of serum proteins, has been developed by Ornstein and Davis1,2.
2,825 citations
TL;DR: It has been found that epithelization is retarded by the dry scab which normally covers a superficial wound, and if the formation of the scab is prevented, the rate of epithelized is markedly increased.
Abstract: WHERE there is a superficial wound in the skin, new epidermis covers the denuded area by migration from the hair follicles and sweat gland ducts within the wound and from the surface epidermis at the wound edges. It has been found that epithelization is retarded by the dry scab which normally covers a superficial wound, and if the formation of the scab is prevented, the rate of epithelization is markedly increased.
1,958 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, Kononova and Nowakowski discuss the role of organic matter in soil formation and fertility and propose a method to identify the most important parts of soil organic matter.
Abstract: Soil Organic Matter Its Nature, Its Role in Soil Formation and in Soil Fertility. By M. M. Kononova. Translated from the Russian by Dr. T. Z. Nowakowski and G. A. Greenwood. Pp. 450. (London and New York: Pergamon Press, 1961.) 80s. net.
1,390 citations
TL;DR: By forming such a membrane between two compartments filled with saline its transverse electrical properties can be measured, and controlled chemical investigations can be undertaken.
Abstract: THE formation of single, stable bimolecular lipid and proteolipid1 membranes up to 10 mm.2 in area has been accomplished routinely in 0.1 M saline solution by methods analogous to the formation of Hooke-Newton ‘secondary black’ in air soap films2–4. By forming such a membrane between two compartments filled with saline its transverse electrical properties can be measured, and controlled chemical investigations can be undertaken.
1,338 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that an aromatic ring with at least one unsubstituted position for auxin activity is necessary and sufficient for growth regulators to form a ring when joined to a plant protein.
Abstract: IN the ‘two-point attachment’ theory1 on the mechanism of action for growth regulators of the auxin type we have assumed as a working hypothesis that the reaction between auxin and substrate is more chemical than physical in nature and that covalent-bond formation is a possibility. The need for an aromatic ring with at least one unsubstituted position for auxin activity2 confirms our original belief that an ortho position in the phenoxyacetic acids is most suitable stereoelectronically to serve as one of the two points which attach the molecule to the plant substrate. The carboxyl serves as the second point, permitting the auxin to form a ring when joined to a plant protein. This reaction mechanism is supported by the work of Bonner et al.3,4.
857 citations
821 citations
TL;DR: Sneddon et al. as discussed by the authors published the progress in solid mechanics Vol. 1, No. 1. Pp. xi + 331 + 331, and revised it to No. 2, p. xii + 448.
Abstract: Progress in Solid Mechanics Vol. 1. Edited by Prof. I. N. Sneddon and Prof. R. Hill. (Series in Physics.) Pp. xii + 448. (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company; New York: Interscience Publishers, Inc., 1960.) 100s. Vol 2. Pp. xi + 331. (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1961.) 70s.
613 citations
TL;DR: Ferredoxins as Electron Carriers in Photosynthesis and in the Biological Production and Consumption of Hydrogen Gas.
Abstract: Ferredoxins as Electron Carriers in Photosynthesis and in the Biological Production and Consumption of Hydrogen Gas
563 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the fundamental principles and how they can be mastered and transformed into solutions of important and interesting investment problems are discussed. But the authors focus on the current state of development in the field of investment science.
Abstract: Designed for those individuals interested in the current state of development in the field of investment science, this book emphasizes the fundamental principles and how they can be mastered and transformed into solutions of important and interesting investment problems. The book examines what the essential ideas are behind investment science, how they are represented, and how they can be used in actual investment practice. The book also examines where the field might be headed in the future, and goes much further in terms of mathematical content, featuring varying levels of mathematical sophistication throughout. End-of-chapter exercises are also included to help individuals get a better grasp on investment science. Suggested Citation
TL;DR: The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food By Sir John Winnifrith as discussed by the authors, The New Whitehall Series No. 11, No. 30s. Pp. 271.
Abstract: The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food By Sir John Winnifrith. (The New Whitehall Series No. 11.) Pp. 271. (London: George Allen and Unwin, Ltd.; New York: Oxford University Press, Inc., 1962.) 30s.
TL;DR: Theciples of Animal Taxation, by Prof. George Gaylord Simpson, is a treatise on animal taxation published in 1961.
Abstract: Principles of Animal Taxonomy By Prof. George Gaylord Simpson. (Columbia Biological Series, No. 20.) Pp. xii + 247. (New York: Columbia University Press; London: Oxford University Press, 1961.) 35s. net.
TL;DR: Octacalcium Phosphate and Hydroxyapatite: Crystallographic and Chemical Relations between Octacalium Phosphates and Hydroxypatite as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Octacalcium Phosphate and Hydroxyapatite: Crystallographic and Chemical Relations between Octacalcium Phosphate and Hydroxyapatite
TL;DR: There is considerable evidence indicating a familial trend in human essential hypertension, and a familial disease could be due solely to common environmental factors, exclusively to common genetic factors, or to an interaction of the two.
Abstract: THERE is considerable evidence indicating a familial trend in human essential hypertension1. A familial disease could be due exclusively to common environmental factors, exclusively to common genetic factors, or to an interaction of the two.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors made observations of the H line of Ca(II) in the spectrum of moonlight, with the view of detecting any luminescent radiation which might have been present.
Abstract: DURING the spring of 1961 we made observations of the H line of Ca(II) in the spectrum of moonlight, with the view of detecting any luminescent radiation which might have been present. The observations were made with the 50-in. reflector of the University of Padua's Observatory at Asiago.
TL;DR: An alternative and more rapid method has been developed which is based on the following reactions: glycerol + ATP + L-glycerol 1-phosphate + ADP (glycersol kinase) ADP + phosphoenolpyruvate + NADH2 (lactate dehydrogenase)
Abstract: ENZYME methods for the assay of glycerol using glycerol dehydrogenase1 or glycerol kinase with L-glycerol 1 -phosphate dehydrogenase2 and based on the reduction of NAD to NADH2 (measured by change in extinction at 340 mµ) have the disadvantage that the reaction time is comparatively long (about 30 min). An alternative and more rapid method has been developed which is based on the following reactions: glycerol + ATP ⇌ L-glycerol 1-phosphate + ADP (glycerol kinase) ADP + phosphoenolpyruvate ⇌ ATP + pyruvate (pyruvate kinase) pyruvate + NADH2 ⇌ lactate + NAD (lactate dehydrogenase)
TL;DR: In seeking simple physiological methods for blocking followed by synchronization of cell division, materials were sought which, applied for prolonged periods, permitted synthesis of ribonucleic acid and protein but inhibited cells immediately prior to DNA replication.
Abstract: IN seeking simple physiological methods for blocking followed by synchronization of cell division, materials were sought which, applied for prolonged periods, permitted synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein but inhibited cells immediately prior to DNA replication. During this I used excess (2 mM) thymidine as a blocking-synchronizing agent.
TL;DR: Linear Differential Operators By Prof. Cornelius Lanczos as discussed by the authors is a seminal work in the field of linear differential operators, and is a classic example of a linear differential operator.
Abstract: Linear Differential Operators By Prof. Cornelius Lanczos. Pp. xvi + 564. (London: D. Van Nostrand Co., Ltd.; New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., 1961.) 80s.
TL;DR: Handbook of North American Birds Edited by Ralph S. Palmer as mentioned in this paper, vol. 1: Loons through Flamingos. Pp. vii + 567 + 6 plates.
Abstract: Handbook of North American Birds Edited by Ralph S. Palmer. Vol. 1: Loons through Flamingos. Pp. vii + 567 + 6 plates. (New Haven, Conn., and London: Yale University Press, 1962.) 105s.
TL;DR: The large pyroninophilic cells that arise from small lymphocytes in graft-versus host reactions were observed to resemble morphologically the cells that appear in regional lymphoid tissue during the reaction against homo, grafts of skin and during antibody formation, suggesting that primary immune responses in general may be initiated by the interaction of antigens withSmall lymphocytes.
Abstract: The large pyroninophilic cells that arise from small lymphocytes in graft-versus host reactions were observed to resemble morphologically the cells that appear in regional lymphoid tissue during the reaction against homo, grafts of skin and during antibody formation. This resemblance, together with the demonstration that the small lymphocyte is immunoiogically competent, suggest that primary immune responses in general may be initiated by the interaction of antigens with small lymphocytes. This possibility was investigated in two groups of experiments. The identity of the cell-type formed by the dividing large pyroninophilic cells was determined by studying the fate of rat small lymphocytes in the spleen of lethally irradiated mice. The significance of these experiments for the homograft reaction was then examined. Rats were rendered immunologicaliy unresponsive to skin homografts, sheep erythrocytes, and tetanus toxoid. Suspensions of small lymphocytes from other rats were then injected intravenously to test their ability to abolish the unresponsive states. In each experiment the proportion of small lymphocytes in the inocuium was estimated in smears from a count on 2,000 cells. The proportion ranged from 99.4 to more than 99.95%. Results indicate that small lymphocytes are involved in the inductive phase of antibody formation. It is postulated thatmore » small lymphocytes interact with antigen, become fixed in lymphoid tissue, and give rise to a dividing cell line that generates the cells that eventually synthesize antibody. It is emphasized that this has not yet been unequivocally demonstrated. (C.H.)« less
TL;DR: The Fifth Radiocarbon Dating Conference, meeting at Cambridge (see p. 943 of this issue of Nature), adopted the following resolution as discussed by the authors, which determined the 1.1 − 3 of the half-life of carbon-14.
Abstract: AFTER full discussion of the new determinations1–3 of the half-life of carbon-14, the Fifth Radiocarbon Dating Conference, meeting at Cambridge (see p. 943 of this issue of Nature), adopted the following resolution:
TL;DR: The experiments reported here constitute a further improvement of this procedure which obviates time-consuming dialysis and permits fluorescent labelling of protein solutions, removal of hydrolysed or unreacted dye and change of buffer as well as pH in less than 30 min.
Abstract: A NOVEL method for the fluorescent labelling of proteins has been described recently which involved treatment of a protein solution with an active labelling dye dispersed, on diatomaceous earth or other inert materials1. This modification afforded a considerable saving in time and minimized protein denaturation as compared with earlier techniques. The experiments reported here constitute a further improvement of this procedure which obviates time-consuming dialysis and permits fluorescent labelling of protein solutions, removal of hydrolysed or unreacted dye and change of buffer as well as pH in less than 30 min.
TL;DR: Tanner as discussed by the authors discusses the educational and physical growth implications of the study of children's growth for educational theory and practice, and proposes a framework for children's education and physical development.
Abstract: Education and Physical Growth Implications of the Study of Children's Growth for Educational Theory and Practice. By Dr. J. M. Tanner. Pp. 144. (London: University of London Press, Ltd., 1961.) 12S. 6d. net.