Showing papers in "Nordisk Psykologi in 1988"
TL;DR: Gade et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed the Street Completion Test (SCT) for visual recognition, which is assumed to have specific sensitivity to lesions in the posterior right hemisphere.
Abstract: Gade, A., Udesen, H. & Mortensen E.L. (1988). Visual closure—Street completion test. Nordisk Psykologi, 40, 194–201. The gestalt concept of visual closure has been found useful in neuropsychological studies of visual recognition. One operationalization of this concept is the Street Completion Test, which is assumed to have specific sensitivity to lesions in the posterior right hemisphere. The psychometric properties of a 20 item version of this test are described, and its use in clinical neuropsychological assessment is discussed.
16 citations
TL;DR: A postal questionnaire study of sexual abuse of children and adolescents (under age 18) in Denmark found that sexual abuse appears to be spread through all socio-economic levels.
Abstract: Leth, I., Stenvig, B. & Pedersen, A.: Sexual abuse of children and adolescents: Extent and characteristics. Nordisk Psykologi, 40, 383–393. Following earlier studies in Norway and Sweden, the present report concerns a postal questionnaire study of sexual abuse of children and adolescents (under age 18) in Denmark. From a national population register, 2000 demographically representative individuals in the age range 18 to 50 years were selected. A 66% response rate was obtained. Abuse was reported by 14% of the female respondents and 7% of the male respondents. The abusers were mainly men; among abused males, however, 26% reported abuse by a female. Most of the reported cases were serious (attempted or completed coitus), and occured both within and outside of the family. The episodes of abuse were unreported at the time of occurence by 60% of the males and 52% of the females. Sexual abuse appears to be spread through all socio-economic levels.
16 citations
TL;DR: Pedersen et al. as discussed by the authors presented a shortened version of Zuckerman's Sensation seeking scale and found an association between the use of various drugs and the scores on the sensation seeking subscales.
Abstract: Pedersen, W., Clausen, S.-E. & Lavik, N.J. (1988). Sensation seeking and adolescent drug use. Nordisk Psykologi, 40, 358–370. Sensation seeking is a personality trait defined by the need for extraordinary, novel, complex sensations and experiences. The most substantive research on the subject has been done by Marvin Zuckerman, identifying four factors pertaining to the trait: Thrill and adventure seeking (TAS), disinhibition (DIS), experience seeking (ES) and boredom susceptibility (BS). As part of a large longitudinal study of adolescent drug use, this article presents a shortened, 18 item Norwegian version of Zuckerman's Sensation seeking scale V. The sample consists of 1027 senior high school students in the greater Oslo area. Through factor analysis the TAS, DIS and ES dimensions were clearly identified. The association between the use of various drugs and the scores on the sensation seeking subscales is presented.
10 citations
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TL;DR: Morch as mentioned in this paper argues that the basic analysis of the relationship between the individual and society is too narrow, and that this results in a false opposition in this social psychological science, which leads to a feeling of a ''loss of individuality''.
Abstract: Morch, S. (1988). Society and psychology. Nordisk Psykologi, 40, 296–308. In the post-war period, the development of a »critical social psychology« took place. In this paper, it is argued that this critical science is to be seen mostly as a consequence of changes in a society that controls its individuals quite comprehensively. Both among ordinary people, social scientists and psychologists, modern society was experienced in opposition to the unique individuals. This resulted in the development of a feeling of a »loss of individuality«. Critical social psychology can be seen as a response to this understanding. The development of critical social psychology began with symbolic interactionism in the USA, and continued with »kritische Sozialisationstheorie« in Germany. I argue that the basic analysis of the relationship between the individual and society is too narrow, and that this results in a false opposition in this social psychological science.
3 citations
TL;DR: Kolstad et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated how duration of stay in psychiatric hospitals affects the patients' attitude towards housing and treatment, and found that long term institutionalisation tends to homogenize the patients; they get increasingly passive and fit for a life in the institution, but not outside.
Abstract: Kolstad, A. & Hagen, H.: Where do psychiatric patients want to stay? Nordisk Psykologi, 40, 161–170. The article investigates how duration of stay in psychiatric hospitals affects the patients' attitude towards housing and treatment. The results give some support to the hypothesis that long term institutionalisation tends to homogenize the patients; they get increasingly passive and fit for a life in the institution, but not outside.
2 citations
TL;DR: Lorentzen, B. as discussed by the authors discusses safety in the working environment, and discusses perspectives that reduce the working environments' impact on mental health and mental wellbeing, including psychological aspects of working environments.
Abstract: Lorentzen, B. (1988). Psychological aspects of the working environment. Nordisk Psykologi, 40, 171–193. The article discusses safety in the working environment. Perspectives that reduce the working...
1 citations
1 citations
TL;DR: This article suggests that the so-called »passive role-method« embraces the modern approach to man better than the authors' traditional tools.
Abstract: Eskola, A. (1988). Our image of man has changed but has our methodology? Nordisk Psykologi, 40, 325–331. Among psychologists, the mechanistic approach has given way to a more modern image of man. More recently, man is regarded as an active being quided by different meanings and rules within a logical framework. However, empirical research methodology lags behind this development. The tendency is towards »deterministic mechanisms«. This article suggests that the so-called »passive role-method« embraces the modern approach to man better than our traditional tools.
1 citations
TL;DR: Testimony as a trans-cultural therapeutic method as discussed by the authors has been used in the treatment of political refugees who have suffered severe traumata, where the therapist can take the position of witness, asking the refugee if he or she wants to give testimony.
Abstract: Agger, I. (1988). The therapeutic testimony. A political prisoner from El Salvador gives testimony: Testimony as a trans-cultural therapeutic method. Nordisk Psykologi, 40, 93–105. From ancient times across the world men and women have told each other about their pain. They have given testimony about the injustice. In the women's liberation movement and in the underground movement in Chile today giving testimony has been employed systematically. The person who is told about the injustice can choose to become a witness. In the therapeutic treatment of political refugees who have suffered severe traumata, the therapist can take the position of witness, asking the refugee if he or she wants to give testimony. In this way, the traumatic experience can be re-framed and the testimony can be used as a tool in the struggle against injustice. By letting the world know about the suffering it can be re-framed from »private« to »political« pain. The therapist's position is discussed—especially the necessity of taking...
1 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that patients with traumatic brain-injuries should be offered an extensive evaluation of working-capacity because considerable individual variability makes statistically based inferences unsound.
Abstract: Bjerke, L.G. (1988). Working-capacity after traumatic brain injuries. Nordisk Psykologi, 40, 1–14. The paper presents relationships between working-capacity and five prognostic factors (coma-period, cerebral atrophy, age at injury, neuropsychological and personality functioning) in 203 traumatically brain-injured patients. The patients were referred to The State Rehabilitation Institute in Oslo, Norway, for vocational rehabilitation during the years 1981–86. Working-capacity was found to be impaired in 69.2% of the cases. All prognostic factors were found to influence working-capacity, but to different degrees. It is concluded that patients with traumatic brain-injuries should be offered an extensive evaluation of working-capacity because considerable individual variability makes statistically based inferences unsound.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it is argued that the vocabulary spurt is due to a content-dependent reorganisation process, in which the child reorganises the structure from a linear connection to a hierarchical system.
Abstract: Klausen, T. (1988). Structure and reorganisation in early lexical development. Nordisk Psykologi, 40, 120–137. In this paper, different explanations of the vocabulary spurt towards the end of the child's second year are discussed. It is argued that the spurt is due to a content-dependent reorganisation process, in which the child reorganises the structure from a linear connection to a hierarchical system. This process is initiated by the Principle of Contrast which is assumed to determine what new words the child acquires. A further outcome of this reorganisation is that new relations between the elements in the vocabulary are realised.
TL;DR: Haavind, H. as mentioned in this paper advocates the establishment of a gender specific view of man as an explicit frame for the understanding of human behavior, which leads psychology away from a vision of the individual capacities of man, towards a view of the kinds of relations men and women may create, and shows how steps in self-refl...
Abstract: Haavind, H. (1988). Should a gender neutral view of man be counted as a scientific ideal? Nordisk Psykologi, 40, 309–324. Psychology as a modern social science has been developed through the construction of neutral positions for the observation of human behavior. Gender neutrality in psychology is presented as a platform consisting of six legs. The building of the platform has solved certain theoretical problems and contributed to widening possibilities for social action. However, the neutral positions are based on certain presuppositions about reality. When these are explicitly formulated, it is demonstrated that masculinity has been transformed into an abstract norm for humanity. The article advocates the establishment of a gender specific view of man as an explicit frame for the understanding of human behavior. This recommendation leads psychology away from a vision of the individual capacities of man, towards a vision of the kinds of relations men and women may create, and shows how steps in self-refl...
TL;DR: The results showed that the situation for infants with low rate of weight gain in comparison to controls were significantly different in variables dealing with mother-infant interaction, earlier experiences of the mother, and social support.
Abstract: Palmerus, K (1988). The impact of psychological factors on infants with low rate of weight gain. Nordisk Psykologi, 40, 106–119. This study is concerned with the association of psychological factors and growth failure. The aim of the research was to learn how infants with growth failure, and their mothers, differ in their behaviours and experiences compared to a control group. 51 infants with low rate of weight gain, aged 4–18 months and 49 controls were included in the study. The results, based on observations and interviews, showed that the situation for infants with low rate of weight gain in comparison to controls were significantly different in variables dealing with mother-infant interaction (stranger behaviour, separation behaviour, signal behaviour, feeding behaviour), earlier experiences of the mother (pregnancy feelings and fantacy) and social support (lack of support from infant's father, grandparents, problems with neighbours and neighbourhood).
TL;DR: Diagnostic methods for senile dementia including psychological and medical approaches are discussed and the validity and reliability of these methods suggest that conclusions based exclusively on medical evaluations are inadequate.
Abstract: Ruth, J.-E., Ferm, L. & Viukari, M. (1988). Diagnostical tools for senile dementia. Nordisk Psykologi, 40, 202–223. Diagnostic methods for senile dementia including psychological and medical approaches are discussed. The validity and reliability of these methods suggest that conclusions based exclusively on medical evaluations are inadequate. Other diagnostic techniques should be included.
TL;DR: It is concluded that monistic, non-reductionist theories that conceive of mental processes as emergent holistic properties of highly complex bio-systems presently appear to offer the most parsimonious view compatible with today's scientific knowledge.
Abstract: Stabell, KE (1988) The mind-brain problem evaluated in the light of recent neuroscientific research Nordisk Psykologi, 40, 81–92 The dualist-interactionist theory of Eccles and its empirical foundations are presented This theory is then discussed with reference to modern monistic theories It is concluded that monistic, non-reductionist theories that conceive of mental processes as emergent holistic properties of highly complex bio-systems presently appear to offer the most parsimonious view compatible with today's scientific knowledge
TL;DR: Gretarsson as mentioned in this paper argued that classical methodology is an important determiner of the structure of modern psychology, which has definite implications for the ability and the interest of psychologists in putting forth images of man.
Abstract: Gretarsson, S.J. (1988). The image of man in psychology. Theoretical and methodological issues. Nordisk Psykologi, 40, 279–288. An image of man is contrasted with models of man, and a distinction is made between methodological techniques and methodological procedures. It is pointed out that recent so-called revolutions in psychology and corresponding attacks on classical methodology have successfully changed the methodological techniques but left the procedures intact. It is argued that classical methodology is an important determiner of the structure of modern psychology, which has definite implications for the ability and the interest of psychologists in putting forth images of man.
TL;DR: The article presents an overview of the research field of health psychology, which carried on the research tradition of psychosomatics and partly dealt with the same questions as earlier clinical and medical psychology.
Abstract: Nupponen, R. (1988). Health psychology—a field of research arid practice. Nordisk Psykologi, 40, 371–382. As a field of research and practice, health psychology has evolved from the needs of health care and health policy. The article presents an overview of the research field of health psychology. Research on illness, treatment and rehabilitation has carried on the research tradition of psychosomatics and partly dealt with the same questions as earlier clinical and medical psychology. The novelty is the strive for a more comprehensive and integrated view where the approach to a topic is not chosen from within a certain illness or handicap. The new field of research in health psychology has uncovered connections between health and everyday habits and life styles. The research is motivated by the question of how people might stay healthy and feel well.
TL;DR: Reichelt as discussed by the authors discussed the growing diversity of our society and how this has contributed to more relativistic concepts about human nature, emphasizing how we tend to see people as parts of systems rather than as single individuals, how human resources are in focus rather than pathology, and how individual meaning is the object of interest rather than universal meaning.
Abstract: Reichelt, S. (1988). From the hope of simplicity to acknowledgement of diversity. Nordisk Psykologi, 40, 332–339. This article focuses on the growing diversity of our society, and how this has contributed to more relativistic concepts about human nature. In particular, it is emphasized how we tend to see people as parts of systems rather than as single individuals, how human resources are in focus rather than pathology, and how individual meaning is the object of interest rather than universal meaning. These tendencies are discussed in the perspective of second-order cybernetics, where the observer is regarded as a part of the observed.
TL;DR: Eisass, P. et al. as mentioned in this paper used anthropological differentiation between disease and illness in order to take people's own experience of their symptomatology into account, and found that Indians are characterized by a widespread depressive symptom atology.
Abstract: Eisass, P. (1988). Depression as a symptom of poverty and underdevelopment; a casestudy of a Colombian village. Nordisk Psykologi, 40, 345–357. The author has stayed several times in an isolated Colombian village, inhabited by Indians who have left their original cultural background. The villagers are characterized by a widespread depressive symptomatology. They do not consider themselves mental patients in need of therapy, but consult Indian shamans for healing. A psychological description must therefore use the anthropological differentiation between disease and illness in order to take people's own experience of their symptomatology into account.
TL;DR: Women who nursed at least 5 months had significantly better expulsion reflex during delivery, did not need additives to mother's milk, and had a more positive experience with nursing after 3 weeks than women who nursing for a shorter time.
Abstract: Kvist, B., Katajavuori, G. & Viemero, V. (1988). Breast feeding in relation to knowledge and sociaj support. Nordisk Psykologi, 40, 24–33. Breast feeding was studied in 100 primiparas. The 17–36 year old mothers (mean age 24.7 years) completed four questionnaires in the period from delivery until the termination of breast feeding. In no case did this period exceed five months. Five months after delivery, 60% of the women were still lactating. The results indicate that important factors influencing the breast feeding process include the mother's knowledge about breast feeding and the mother's social support. Well informed mothers with good social support enjoyed lactation as a manifestation of contact and sexuality.
TL;DR: Erfaringer et al. as mentioned in this paper presented an approach for psychologisk behandling in oplosningsmiddelskadede. Nordisk Psykologi: Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 71-74.
Abstract: (1988). Erfaringer med psykologisk behandling af oplosningsmiddelskadede. Nordisk Psykologi: Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 71-74.