Showing papers in "Nusantara Bioscience in 1970"
TL;DR: Rai et al. as discussed by the authors discussed role of nanotechnology that is quite augmented in different industries and also in generating fifth industrial revolution leading to better future of next generation in India.
Abstract: . Rai S, Rai A. 2015. Nanotechnology - The secret of fifth industrial revolution and the future of next generation. Nusantara Bioscience 7: 61-66. Nanotechnology can be defined as a new and emerging technology with vast applications in the field of energy, electronic, cosmetics, textiles, medicine, agriculture, and environment, etc. In India, since post-independence both science and economics have progressed in the last century. Nanotechnology has filled various gaps in technologies and will develop all aspects of economy including wages, employment, market currencies, exchange rates supply and demand, etc. Nanotechnology with reduced size may allow for automation of tasks which were previously inaccessible due to physical restrictions. The industrial revolution has been evolved during the 16 century, and as result of which, the world economy has been changed drastically Now energy resources and manufacturing play pivotal role in the development of economy and technologies. The new innovations of nanotechnology will change the scenario of the poor people with the power of economy. Today, we would be able to change the world by “The fifth industrial revolution of nanotechnology”. The more striking is that it will cover-up the target ratio of economy since quarter century and accomplish the target ratio of economy within ten years. However, nanotechnology may have exerted toxicity. This may be harmful to nature and living organisms Apart from that, there are some other implications such as ethical issues, which may in turnoff footsteps back and raises certain issues. In fact, there is a need for awareness among the common people in society. The focus of the present review is to discuss role of nanotechnology that is quite augmented in different industries and also in generating fifth revolution leading to better future of next generation.
20 citations
TL;DR: The results showed that B. pandurata, Z. zerumbet and S. ferox showed potent antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila and Pseudomonas sp.
Abstract: . Hardi EH, Kusuma IW, Suwinarti W, Agustina, Nugroho RA. 2016. Antibacterial activity of Boesenbergia pandurata, Zingiber zerumbet and Solanum ferox extracts against Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas sp. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 18-21. This study evaluated the potential antibacterial activity of Boesenbergia pandurata, Zingiber zerumbet and Solanum ferox extracts against Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas sp. This paper aims to review the best concentration of the extract B. pandurata, Z. zerumbet and S. ferox to inhibit the growth of bacteria A. hydrophila and Pseudomonas sp. on tilapia in vitro test. The concentrations used range from 100-6000 ppm for B. pandurata and S. ferox, meanwhile for Z. zerumbet extracts ranged from 25-1000 ppm. The best concentration was injected to tilapia by intraperitoneal (0.1 mL/fish) to know in vivo inhibition of extract in fish. The results showed that B. pandurata 600 and 900 ppm, and Z. zerumbet 200 and 2000 ppm revealed potent antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila; while the concentration of S. ferox at 400 and 900 ppm inhibits Pseudomonas sp. growth, whereas concentration of 600, 200, and 900 ppm reduced the bacterial pathogen in fish body.
14 citations
TL;DR: Ratnaningrum et al. as discussed by the authors observed flowering and seed production of sandalwood populations along environmental gradients in Gunung Sewu Geopark, Indonesia, in 2013 to 2014 flowering periods.
Abstract: . Ratnaningrum YWN, Faridah E. Indroko S, Syahbudin A. 2016. Flowering and seed production of sandalwood (Santalum album; Santalaceae) along environmental gradients in Gunung Sewu Geopark, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 180-191. We observed flowering and seed production of sandalwood populations along environmental gradients in Gunung Sewu Geopark, Indonesia, in 2013 to 2014 flowering periods. We observe flowering phenology with regard to floral initiation, phases and periods, and measured Pollination Effectiveness and Reproductive Success, following modified methods of Owens et al and Ghazoul. Flowering and seed production varied with altitude and climatic conditions, and altered by changes in rainfall, temperature and soil moisture. Sites with lower altitude, lower rainfall, highest temperature, lowest relative humidity, and lowest soil moisture flowered earlier and shorter. Flowering delayed and prolonged by increasing altitude, temperature, and humidity. At all sites, ?owering delayed and prolonged in rainy compared to dry season. Lower populations produced more flowers in rainy season, however, higher abortion resulted in very low seed production. Dry season produced less flowers but higher reproductive success was achieved, resulting in more fruits. The lowest altitude performed highest reproductive outputs. More marked differences among sites were observed in the dry season. Flowering and seed production was also observed to be temperature sensitive. Both drop and increase on temperature resulted in the alteration of flowering frequency and reproductive outputs. Sandalwood in Gunung Sewu grows naturally in association with tropical monsoon vegetation, i.e. acacia, cajuputi, teak, and mahogany. The conservation of this endangered species, particularly under wider range of landscapes, should be maintained with a different strategy according to the degree of plant sensitivity to environmental features.
11 citations
TL;DR: All treatments under study significantly affected the scavenging ability of the natural antioxidants of the plant extract towards the stable free radical DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate).
Abstract: . Orabi SA, Talaat IM, Balbaa LK, Abdalla AE. 2015. Influence of pyridoxine and spermine on lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) plants. Nusantara Bioscience 7: 139-143. Two pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of pyridoxine and spermine (each at 50, 100 and 200 mg/L) on plant growth, essential oil yield, and its main constituents. All treatments significantly promoted plant height, fresh and dry mass (g/plant) of Cymbopogon citratus L., especially 100 mg/L spermine which mostly recorded the highest increments in total nitrogen, total phosphorous and total potassium mainly in the second cut, followed by 200 mg/L pyridoxine. Total phenols, essential oil % and oil yield recorded the maximum increments with spermine treatments followed by pyridoxine. Treatment of lemongrass plants with 100 mg/L spermine gave the highest relative percentage of citronellol (51.20%). Oxygenated compounds recorded the highest value (89.70%) with 200 mg/L spermine treatment, while the maximum non-oxygenated ones resulted from the untreated plants (13.65%). All treatments under study significantly affected the scavenging ability of the natural antioxidants of the plant extract towards the stable free radical DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate). Application of spermine at the concentration of 100 mg/L recorded the highest increment in phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) enzyme activity (µg/g F.wt.).
8 citations
TL;DR: The combination of cumin essential oil (CEO) with conventional antifungal drugs was found to reduce the individual MIC of antIFungal drug suggesting the occurrence of synergistic interactions.
Abstract: . Patil S, Maknikar P, Wankhade S, Ukesh C, Rai M. 2015. Antifungal effect of cumin essential oil alone and in combination with antifungal drugs. Nusantara Bioscience 7: 55-59. We report evaluation of antifungal activity of cumin seed oil and its pharmacological interactions when used in combination with some of the widely used conventional antifungal drugs using CLSI broth microdilution, agar disc diffusion and checkerboard microtitre assay against Candida. The essential oil was obtained from cumin seeds using hydrodistillation technique and was later evaluated for the presence of major chemical constituents present in it using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) assay. The GC-MS assay revealed the abundance of ?-terpinene (35.42%) followed by p-cymene (30.72%). The agar disc diffusion assay demonstrated highly potent antifungal effect against Candida species. Moreover, the combination of cumin essential oil (CEO) with conventional antifungal drugs was found to reduce the individual MIC of antifungal drug suggesting the occurrence of synergistic interactions. Therefore, the therapy involving combinations of CEO and conventional antifungal drugs can be used for reducing the toxicity induced by antifungal drugs and at the same time enhancing their antifungal efficacy in controlling the infections caused due to Candida species.
7 citations
TL;DR: Nurhidayat et al. as discussed by the authors showed that the addition of active compound of tropical almond (Terminalia catappa) leaves at certain doses can increase survival rate and the growth of juvenile cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi).
Abstract: . Nurhidayat, Wardin L, Sitorus E. 2016. The survival and growth performance of juvenile cardinal tetra(Paracheirodon axelrodi) with application of tropical almond (Terminalia catappa) leaves. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 1-4. The proportional appearance of the length and the weight, and the color pattern are key factors of ornamental fishes. Modification of environment and application of food may be done to increase fish quality. The addition of active compound of tropical almond (Terminalia catappa) leaves at certain doses can be done to increase survival rate and the growth of juvenile cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi). This research used completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications. Therefore, there were 16 experimental units. The treatments were four doses of almond leaves: D0 (without almond leaves), D1 (0.5 g/L), D2 (1.5 g/L) and D3 (2,5 g/L). Experimental fish used in this research was cardinal tetra. The result showed that 0.5 g/L and 1.5 g/L of almond leaves addition resulted in 100% survival rate. Those concentrations also increased the body length by 1.28 cm and increased the weight by 0.092 g. The best water parameters used during the research were: temperature of 25-29oC, dissolved oxygen of 6-6.6 ppm, pH of 6-6.5, alkalinity of 22.66-33.98 ppm, water hardness of 26.17-57.00 ppm, ammonia of 0.0052-0.0104 ppm, and nitrite of 0.0029-0.0696 ppm.
6 citations
TL;DR: Chitosan concentration at above of 0,75 g/L showed a negative influence on the acclimatization successfully of plantlets G. scriptum while the length and number of leaves were not significantly different.
Abstract: Pitoyo A, Hani MR, Anggarwulan E. 2015.Application of chitosan spraying on acclimatization success of tiger orchid(Grammatophyllum scriptum) plantlets. Nusantara Bioscience 7: 185-191. In Indonesia, tiger orchid or anggrek macan(Grammatophyllum scriptum) is one of the orchid species that have been mass propagatedwith in vitro culture technique. Thesuccessful determinant of in vitro culture after planlet formation is acclimatization.Plantlet have faced with absolutely differentenvironmental condition between inside and outside bottle that potentially severe the survival of theplantlet.The objectives of thisresearch were to know theeffect of chitosan for success of chitosan spraying inacclimatization ofplantlets ofG. scriptumand to knowthe optimum concentration of chitosan that can help thesuccessful of the acclimatization of plantletsG. scriptum.This research used aCompletely Randomized Design (CRD) with four level concentrations of chitosan spraying, there were 0 g/L; 0,5 g/L; 0,75 g/L;1 g/L.Every treatment underwent 15 repetitions. The data taken on this research were qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data wasgot from observation of morphology and anatomy then it was analyzed descriptively. The quantitative data was got from percentage ofplantlets life, observation ofshoot length, leaves length, leaves width, number of leaves, number of shoot, index and density of stomatal.The quantitative data was analyzed byAnalysis of Variance (ANOVA), if there was a significant difference between treatment groupsthen followed byDuncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at level significanceof5 %. The result of thisobservation indicated that theeffect of chitosanwassignificant on several parameters including width leaf,plantlets height,and stomatal index while the length andnumber of leaves were not significantly different. The concentration of chitosan real effected on these ranged from 0.5-0.75 g/L.Chitosan concentration at above of 0,75 g/L showed a negative influence on theacclimatization successfully ofplantletsG. scriptum.
6 citations
TL;DR: Five fungal endophytes isolated from different parts of S. album have exhibited antimicrobial potential against Fusarium oxysporum in the range of 5.0-40.4% and indicated the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, and tannins.
Abstract: . Tapwal A, Pradhan S, Chandra S, Rashmi. 2016. Antimycotic activity and phytochemical screening of fungal endophytes associated with Santalum album. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 14-17. The heartwood of Santalum album constitutes the central part of the tree is valued for its fragrance. The wood and oil are utilized in medicine. Sandalwood oil is extensively used in perfumery, cosmetics, aromatherapy, and pharmaceutical industry. The endophytic microorganisms inhabiting the plant tissues are expected to mimic some of the metabolites of its host. This study was aimed to isolate and screen the fungal endophytes inhabiting the Santalum album for antimicrobial activity and for the presence of important phytochemicals. Five fungal endophytes isolated from different parts of S. album have exhibited antimicrobial potential against Fusarium oxysporum in the range of 5.0-40.4%. The isolated endophytic fungi also indicated the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, and tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates and glycosides, terpenoids, amino acids and proteins.
6 citations
5 citations
TL;DR: Rivai et al. as discussed by the authors found that cocopeat was the best media for increasing A. malaccensis germination rate one month after planting, whereas the method of wounding the testa or soaking the seed in water with a temperature of 75 oC for 5 minutes showed the highest rate of seed dormancy after three months of planting.
Abstract: . Rivai RR, Wardani FF, Devi MG. 2015. Germination and breaking seed dormancy of Alpinia malaccensis. Nusantara Bioscience 7: 67-72. Alpinia malaccensis belongs to the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, and is generally propagated by vegetative organs. Seed propagation is needed in order to improve the quality of plants through crossbreeding. The hard testa and small endosperm are the main problems in seed germination. The objectives of this research were to determine the best media for germination and method for breaking seed dormancy of A. malaccensis. The research was conducted at the Seed Conservation Laboratory, Center for Plant Conservation Bogor Botanic Gardens. A Completely Randomized Design with three replications was used, and the two treatment factors were different germination media and the methods of breaking seed dormancy. Results showed that cocopeat was the best media for increasing A. malaccensis germination rate one month after planting, whereas the method of wounding the testa or soaking the seed in water with a temperature of 75 oC for 5 minutes showed the highest rate of A. malaccensis germination after three months of planting.
5 citations
TL;DR: Assessment of the effectiveness of gamma rays to attenuate malaria parasites based on isotopic method showed that there was a fluctuation in multiplication of parasites post irradiation mainly in higher dose (more than150 Gy), but no significant difference was found among doses of irradiation with p of 0.05.
Abstract: Malaria remains a major public health threat in the world. Therefore an attempt to create malaria vaccine for supporting the control of disease was taken by attenuating parasites with gamma rays and it was proven effective based on microscopic observation. Objective of this research was to assess the effectiveness of gamma rays to attenuate malaria parasites based on isotopic method. A laboratory strain of P.falciparum (3D7) was in vitro cultured with standard procedure and it was irradiated with gamma rays at doses of 150-250 Gy and unirradiated parasites served as control. Twenty four hours after 1-2 μCi of 3H-hypoxanthine was added into culture 100 μl of medium was taken and was repeated at various times, then hypoxanthine incorporation was measured with beta counter. Microscopic observation
of parasitemia in culture was also done. The results showed that there was a fluctuation in multiplication of parasites post irradiation mainly in higher dose (more than150 Gy). Irradiated of parasites were more active in incorporate with purine precursor up to 48 hours. Parasites returned to their highest activity at 116 hours after hypoxanthine addition. No significant difference was found among doses of irradiation with p of 0.05. This was quite different with the finding from microscopic observation. It was known that dose of 150 Gy was the most effective dose for inhibiting of the parasite multiplication where some factors affecting these facts.
TL;DR: Melinda et al. as discussed by the authors observed the level of bioaccumulation and distribution of 137Cesium in the humpback grouper fish (Cromileptes altivelis).
Abstract: Melinda K, Suseno H, Prihatini W. 2015.Bioaccumulation and distribution of137Cesium in the Humpback Grouper Fish(Cromileptes altivelis). Nusantara Bioscience 7:180-184.Humpback grouper fish (Cromileptes altivelis) is a highly valuable exportcommodity of food products. The high demand of this species needs to be supported by the intensive coastal aquaculture. However, thecoastal aquaculture has been jeopardized by several threats, for an exampleradionuclide pollutant 137Cesium (Cs) generated fromnuclear reactor wastes. The pollutant accumulation in fish occurs because of continuing exposure to the pollutant-containing medium. This research was conducted from May to June 2015 at the Laboratory of Oceanic Radioecology,Center for Technology of RadiationSafety and Meteorology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, South Jakarta. This research observed the level of bioaccumulation anddistribution of 137Cs inC. altivelis bodies. Radionucleid 137Cs of 2 Bq/mL concentration was inducted to two groups of fish, i.e. mediumsize (average body mass of 65.8g) and small size (average body mass of 34.7g). The calculation of concentration factor valuesatsteady state (CFss) was done to determine the level of bioaccumulation 137Cs in fish body. The distribution of Cs in fish body wasanalyzed by calculating the percentage of accumulation 137Cs in a certain organ to the total accumulation in fish body. The resultsshowed that the value of CFss of medium size fish was 1.23 and CFss for small fish was 2.01. It means that small size fish accumulated 137Cs almost twice as much as larger fish. The accumulation of 137Cs in C. Altivelis was foundmost in its muscle (meat), which was63.34%. This research findings provide reason for us to be more careful in consuming humpback grouper fish coming from Cspolluted water due to the impact ofbiomagnifications of 137Cs in fish.
TL;DR: The results showed that the Black Band Disease, White Syndrome, and Skeleton Eroding Band were the main diseases, while the coral health compromisers were competition among coral, algae, sedimentation and pigmentation response.
Abstract: . Johan O, Ginanjar R, Priyadi A. 2015. Coral health levels of wild ornamental coral in East Belitung waters, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 7: 133-138. The distribution of coral diseases has been reported in waters having coral reef in the world including Indonesia, but there had been no report from East Belitung, Indonesia. This study was conducted on 25 March 2014 and on 26-27 April 2014 in nine locations, offshore of Belitung, namely in the Islands of Memperak, Bakau, Buku Limau, Pesambung, Muranai, Sembilan, Berlian, Tempuling, and Gresik. The objective of this study was to distinguish the levels of ornamental coral health due to infection and other coral health compromises. Data were collected using line transect method to estimate coral cover condition and using belt transect method to estimate coral disease prevalence. The results showed that the Black Band Disease (BBD), White Syndrome (WS), and Skeleton Eroding Band (SEB) were the main diseases, while the coral health compromisers were competition among coral, algae, sedimentation and pigmentation response. This is the first report of SEB disease from East Belitung, while other diseases have been found frequently. The prevalence of diseases was categorized as normal, and so, no management intervention is needed.
TL;DR: Four isolates of Bacillus licheniformis producing thermo-stable amylase enzymes were previously isolated from different Sudanese soils and found to hydrolyze starch forming various maltooligosaccharides, such as dextrins and maltose as major products so they were identified as α- amylases.
Abstract: Dawood ES, Ibrahim SA, El-Nagerabi SAF 2015 Some properties of thermostable ?-amylase of four isolates of Bacillus licheniformis Nusantara Bioscience 7: 90-95 Amylases are one of the most important enzymes in the food industry and biotechnology The present investigation was concerned with the production, purification and partial characterization of extracellular amylase from endogenous Sudanese Bacillus licheniformis isolate namely SUDK1, SUDK2, SUDK4, and SUDO The extracted enzyme was partially purified using DEAD Sephadex A-25 gel filtration and the enzymatic reaction product was identified using thin layer chromatography The results revealed that DEAE-Sephadex is an excellent and effective purification method and the activity of the partially purified enzymes (83343-121755 U/mg protein) compared to the crude extracts (4626-7250 U/mg protein) with increase of up to 168-183 folds Amylase enzymes hydrolyze starch forming various maltooligosaccharides, such as maltose as major products and were identified as ?- amylases The enzyme's activity was optimum at 60-70°C and was active up to 90°C with residual activity of only 30-50% All enzymes were stable between pH 60-90 with optimum activity at pH 70 The enzymes were stable and retained nearly all of their initial activities at -20°C at the end of 24 weeks and lost less than 60% of their initial activities at 4°C after 8 weeks The Km values for this enzyme were 125-20 mg/mL which showed high affinity and needs only small amount of substrate to be saturated Therefore, these ?-amylases were thermostable at a wide range of temperature and pH values rendering them useful properties in food, feed, textiles, and relevant biotechnological industries
TL;DR: Seeds of 7 species of shrub were found in the feces of six species of frugivorous birds trapped in mist nets and one species of bird from fecal dropped count method, and the germination rate of seeds collected from feces was 1.71% higher than that of seeds which had not passed through the bird’s digestive tract.
Abstract: . Partasasmita R. 2015. The role of frugivorous birds in the dispersal of shrubs in submontane tropical forest, West Java, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 7: 144-148. Shrubs are widely distributed, from lowland to mountainous area. Submontane forest zone is one of many ecosystem types rich in many species of shrub. The success of plant growth and establishment depends on the role of the seed dispersal agents. This study of shrub seed dispersal by frugivorous birds has been conducted in tea plantation area of Panaruban, Subang, West Java. To get seeds trapped in feces, samples of feces were collected from birds trapped in mist nets and from fecal dropped count method. The study sites were tea plantation which had been neglected for five years and bush in a secondary forest nearby. The results showed that seeds of 7 species of shrub were found in the feces of six species of frugivorous birds trapped in mist nets and one species of bird from fecal dropped count method. Based on feces analysis, of the seven shrub species, Clidemia hirta was dispersed mostly by Dicaeum trigonostigma, and then by Pycnonotus aurigaster. Sambucus javanica was mostly dispersed by Pycnonotus goiavier and Scissirostrum dubium. The germination rate of seeds collected from feces was 1.43-5.71% higher than that of seeds which had not passed through the bird’s digestive tract.
TL;DR: Mohammadi et al. as discussed by the authors used the Analytical network process (ANP) based on BOCR Model to select the most suitable region for forestation with almond species.
Abstract: . Mohammadi MF, Najafi A, Ahmadlo F. 2015. Using the Analytical Network Process (ANP) based on BOCR Model to select the most suitable region for forestation with almond species. Nusantara Bioscience 7: 118-127. Forestation is the answer not only to the growing demand for timber and wood fiber, but also to the problem of deforestation. Forests in arid and semi-arid regions are in the specific conditions because of being in short of water and soil nutrition. Therefore, protection and rehabilitation of these forests is of very important due to its environmental condition as well as selecting suitable species for forestation. Considering all aspects of forestation in an effort to improve forest practices requires an approach that addresses multiple criteria and incorporates a wide range of data. After that, the approach should provide a framework to evaluate both quantitative and qualitative criteria. In this study, the Analytical Network Process (ANP) is utilized to evaluate four existing sites for forestation with Almond (Amygdalus scoparia) in Markazi province, central of Iran. The ANP framework helps forest managers to prioritize all the alternatives and criteria with respect to each other and developing their corresponding preferences. This study is an analysis of the environmental, social-economic, and sustainability-genetic diversion context of forestation with the goal of making forest practices more sustainable. The results indicate that Risk and Cost priorities are more important in making decision (0.53, 0.47), compared to Benefits and Opportunities (0.29, 0.25). The final synthesis of the system shows that Sarabadan (B site) is the best choice among four potential regions which were evaluated for forest plantation based on judgment’s comparisons.
TL;DR: The finding results showed that two main groups of trichomes, glandular and non-glandular, were presented on outer side of epidermal cells, and the ANOVA test showed significant variations in trichome number among various treatments.
Abstract: . Askary M, Talebi SE, Amini F, Sarabadani B. 2016. Trichomes plasticity in Lallemantia royleana under different stress. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 128-133. Lallemantia royleana is an annual herb of Lamiaceae family, which naturally grows in various parts of Iran. This medicinal plant is used in traditional medicine. Resemble to many members of this family, the aerial parts of L. royleana were covered by different kinds of trichomes. In this study, effect of different concentrations of NaCl and nanoparticles of iron oxide were examined on the trichomes morphology as well as density. The finding results showed that two main groups of trichomes, glandular and non-glandular, were presented on outer side of epidermal cells. The ANOVA test showed significant variations in trichomes number among various treatments. The main types of glandular hairs were peltate and also capitate. The mentioned forms are mainly relevant to production and also secretion of essential oil. Nanoparticles of iron oxide had positive effects on creation of palate trichomes, while increment of salt concentrations, decreased formation of them as well as short-stalked capitate.
TL;DR: The high prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria indicates the need for continuous monitoring of resistance in each hospital and to search for new methods for coping with this problem.
Abstract: . Kon K. 2015. Prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria in General Surgery Hospital, Ukraine. Nusantara Bioscience 7: 102-106. Rising antibiotic resistance is a serious concern worldwide and during prescribing antibiotic treatment it is important to know general and regional tendencies in spread of multidrug-resistant strains. The aim of the present study was to evaluate regional specificity of the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains among agents of surgical infections, to determine the most common microbial associations and to detect the most active antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria. More than 60% of strains were multidrug-resistant, with the highest prevalence of resistance among Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Isolated multidrug-resistant bacteria showed susceptibility mainly to carbapenems and fluoroquinolones. The high prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria indicates the need for continuous monitoring of resistance in each hospital and to search for new methods for coping with this problem.
TL;DR: Fifteen Rhizobium strains were isolated from the root nodule of P.P. sativum andL.
TL;DR: A significant effect of cutting diameter and pre-hormonal treatment on sprouting and survival of medicinal plant species under greenhouse conditions was revealed and clearly distinctive.
Abstract: . Tiwari RKS, Mehta R, Kumar S. 2015. Effect of hormonal pre-treatment on sprouting and survival of different medicinal plant species. Nusantara Bioscience 7: 77-89. In the present study, sprouting and survival of cuttings of ethnomedicinally important shrub species i.e. Argyreia nervosa, Gardenia gummifera, Helicteres isora, Hiptage madablota, Lippia javanica, Caesalpinia bonduc, Jasminum grandiflorum, Millingtonia hortensis, Putranjiva roxburghii, Stereospermum suaveolens, Vitex negundo, Vitex leucoxylon, and Zanthoxylum armatum were recorded through propagation. In vivo, experiment was conducted comprising treatments of cutting diameters i.e. thick (D1-2.1 cm), medium (D2-1.6 cm) and thin (D3-0.8 cm) and pre-treatment of exogenous hormones viz., Rootex, α-Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and Indole 3 Butyric Acid (IBA) maintained at 1000 ppm in talc powder formulation. Results revealed a significant effect of cutting diameter and pre-hormonal treatment on sprouting and survival of medicinal plant species under greenhouse conditions. Species i.e. L. javanica, V. negundo, V. leucoxylon, H. isora, C. bonduc, G. gummifera, and S. suaveolens had higher percent of sprouting (84.25-100.0) and survival (59.72-100.0). Effect of all three hormones on all the three diameters of plants cuttings for sprouting and survival was significant and clearly distinctive with maximum increase of 66.66 and 64.81 respectively in species C. bonduc. IBA had its more effect on sprouting and survival of most of the medicinal plant species in comparison of Rootex and NAA.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of chitosan coating and storage temperature in restraining the ripening of guava and also to the combination of treatments which could be longest to lengthen its storage period was investigated.
Abstract: . Anggarwulan E, Mudyantini W, Asiyah IJ. 2015. Chitosan treatment and storage temperature in the retardation of fruit ripening of red guava (Psidium guajava). Nusantara Bioscience 7: 153-159. Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a thin-skinned tropical fruit which is easy to ripe and rot. The objective of the study is to determine the effect of chitosan coating and storage temperature in restraining the ripening of guava and also to the combination of treatments which could be longest to lengthen its storage period. This study uses Completely Randomized Design, with two factors. The first factor is chitosan concentration of 0, 1, 2, and 3%, while the second factor is the storage temperature in 16°C and 28°C with three repetitions during four weeks. The quality of Psidium guajava which is observed during the storage is weight-loss, water content, fruit texture, reducing sugar content, vitamin C content, pigment rind (chlorophyll and carotenoid), respiration rate, and ethylene content. The treatment of chitosan concentration and the storage temperature of 16oC are able to maintain the fruit hardness, vitamin C content, and chlorophyll content; meanwhile, it shows a decrease in weight-loss, reducing sugar, respiration rate, and ethylene content. The combination of chitosan treatment of 3% with a temperature of 16°C is able to maintain the quality and to lengthen the storage period of Psidium guajava up to four weeks.
TL;DR: Partasasmita et al. as discussed by the authors conducted a study to determine the diversity of fish species in the Cikawung river and its disturbances as well as preservation and traditional conservation efforts by local residents.
Abstract: . Partasasmita R, Nuari T, Erawan TS, Iskandar J. 2015.The diversity of fish species and the disturbances in the Cikawung river, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 7: 171-176.The diversity of fish species in the Cikawung river, the south coast of West Java, Indonesia plays a very important role for the villagers around the river. This river is an important source of animal protein for villagers of Karangwangi, Cidaun, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. The river flow is partially included in the Bojonglarang Jayanti Natural Reserve area. Based on the information given by the local residents, the Cikawung river used to have many species of fish 15 years ago, but now the population find it very difficult to get the fish in the river. People suspect that it is related to the frequency of fishing in various ways such as nets, fishing rods and even toxic chemicals. The object of this study is to determine the diversity of fish species in the Cikawung river and its disturbances as well as preservation and traditional conservation efforts by local residents. The study was conducted at inside and outside the natural reserve. The method used is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative data gathering was performed by using structured interviews with 86 respondents that were chosen randomly among residents in the vicinity of the Cikawung river, using questionnaires. The results show that there are 32 species of fish, consisting of 22 species in the natural reserve, and 20 species outside the conservation areas. There are only 10 species of fish that found inside the natural reserve, while there are only 9 species of fish species found outside. It is found that there is 76% of the species of fish that is extremely rare, while the fish that are commonly found is Aplocheilus panchax and Puntius binotatus. The existence of fish tends to be very rare due to the fishing activities that continue to occur and the intensive use of pesticides. The decline in species diversity and abundance of fish species in the Cikawung river initiate local government and community leaders to make the arrangement of the use of Cikawung river as traditional conservation areas with the issuance Karangwangi Village Regulation (Perdes).
TL;DR: Khasanah et al. as mentioned in this paper showed that the addition of Tawangmangu tangerine juice powder could increase the vitamin C content in yogurt, which is a probiotic food product that gives extra nutritional value.
Abstract: . Khasanah RN, Purwoko Tj, Susilowati A. 2015. Vitamin C content in yogurt with the addition of Tawangmangu tangerine juice (Citrus nobilis var. Tawangmangu). Nusantara Bioscience 7: 149-152. Yogurt is fermented milk that has an acid taste and known as probiotic food product that gives extra nutritional value. Most consumers like yogurt with fruit flavor added, one of them is orange. Tawangmangu tangerine (Citrus nobilis Lour. var Tawangmangu) is one of local high-quality oranges come from Tawangmangu area, Karanganyar District, Central Java, Indonesia. By adding orange juice powder in the process of making yogurt, it is expected to add flavor and increase the vitamin C content of yogurt, as well as increase the selling value of Tawangmangu tangerine. Inoculums used in this research were Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The results showed that the addition of Tawangmangu tangerine juice powder could increase the vitamin C content in yogurt. Highest vitamin C content was found on Tawangmangu tangerine juice powder 8% with a value of 6.23 mg/100g. Organoleptic test indicated that the addition of Tawangmangu tangerine juice powder increased panelists likeness for Tawangmangu tangerine yogurt, lowered level of fat and also increased the protein content in yogurt.
TL;DR: The results showed significant difference for all the characters studied, and lines of G1, G3, and G5 have the potential to be continued in the next generation because it is likely to contain potential sources of genes to get the superior Kampar lines mung bean.
Abstract: . Roslim DI, Pratiwi TN, Herman. 2015. Agronomic characters and heritability of the third generation of Kampar mung bean lines (Vigna radiata). Nusantara Bioscience 7: 166-170. Kampar district is one of the mung bean producing areas in Riau Province, Indonesia. The low productivity of Kampar mung beans can be enhanced by doing plant selection in each generation to yield an expected superior line. The research aims to determine the agronomic character and heritability of third generation of Kampar mung bean lines. This research was conducted from October to December 2014 in the experimental garden of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia. It used nine lines of mung beans and five replicates with the Completely Randomized Design as design of experiments. Agronomic characters observed included plant height, number of productive branches, flowering time, 90% of harvesting time, number of pods per plant, weight of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed weight per plant, weight of 100 seeds, pod color, and seed luster, Analysis of data uses analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if further significant differences are found, Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) will be carried out. The results showed significant difference for all the characters studied. All agronomic characters observed showed high heritability values, ranging from 0.92 to 0.98. G3 lines produce the highest number of pods per plant and highest number of seeds per pod and have small-sized seeds. G5 line has heaviest weight of pods per plant and heaviest weight of seeds per plant and they are in the criteria for medium-sized seeds. G1 lines’ seeds are classified as large seeds which are more superior to seeds of other lines. Therefore, lines of G1, G3, and G5 have the potential to be continued in the next generation because it is likely to contain potential sources of genes to get the superior Kampar lines mung bean.
TL;DR: Gunawan et al. as discussed by the authors analyzed the growth response of an indigenous microalga Synechococcus sp. to different concentrations of a heavy metal Cd and its ability to absorb Cd.
Abstract: . Gunawan, Muhamat. 2015. The growth response of indigenous microalga Synechococcus sp. to different concentrations of a heavy metal Cd. Nusantara Bioscience 7: 177-179. Microalgae are aquatic organisms having the capability of absorbing heavy metals. The objective of this study was to analyze the response of microalga species Synechococcus sp. to different concentrations of a heavy metal Cd and its ability to absorb Cd. The microalga used in this study was isolated from a pond in coal mined land. This experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. The microalga was grown in one liter of BG 11 medium, with Cd concentrations of 0.56 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 1.8 mg/L, 3.2 mg/L, and 5.6 mg/L. The microalga was grown for 14 days and the growth pattern was analyzed. The heavy metal analysis was done using Inductively Coupled Plasma. The numbers of microalga cells after 14 days of culture were 1.015 cell/mL, 866 cell/mL, 800 cell/mL,768.50 cell/mL, and (440 cell/mL) at Cd concentrations of 0.56 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 1.8 mg/L, 3.2 mg/L, and 5.6 mg/L respectively. The concentrations of heavy metal in the medium at the end of experiment were 0.350 mg/L, 0.615 mg/L, 0.471 mg/L, 0.828 mg/L, and 1.456 mg/L, respectively declining from the initial concentrations of 0.56 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 1.8 mg/L, 3.2 mg/L, and 5.6 mg/L. The decline of Cd concentration in the medium at the end of experiment showed that Synechococcus sp. had the capability of absorbing heavy metals from its environment.
TL;DR: Znidarcic et al. as mentioned in this paper evaluated the yield and yield components of lamb's lettuce (Valerianella locusta) grown in thin layer soilless systems.
Abstract: . Znidarcic D. 2016. Evaluation of yield and yield components of lamb’s lettuce (Valerianella locusta) grown in thin layer soilless systems. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 89-93. Growth and development of lamb’s lettuce (Valerianella locusta L.) have been studied on thin layer soilless systems in plastic greenhouse on the Laboratory field of Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana. The trial lasted from 23rd of February till 10th of March 2016. The experiment was included cultivar 'Ljubljanski'. Four different substrates have been used: expanded clay aggregate, perlite, vermiculite, and peat. Seedlings were transplanted at distance of 10x10 cm. At the harvest the following parameters were measured: leaves fresh and dry yield, plant height, number of leaves per plant and the nitrate-N content in leaves. The overall effect of the type of substrate on lamb's lettuce growth and yield in the present experiment suggests that the examined materials are suitable substrates for lamb's lettuce soilless cultivation production. The outcomes of the research point to the fact that the lamb's lettuce in perlite treatments brings greater fresh yields compared to the other inert substrates. On the other hand, peat produced higher leaf dry mass as compared to other substrates. A quantitative analysis of the nitrate-N content in leaves showed that the peat is the most effective substrate in terms of low plant nitrate concentration.
TL;DR: Mohammadi et al. as discussed by the authors examined the efficiency and feasibility of modified adaptive cluster sampling in combination with strip sampling as a new sampling design in Hyrcanian forests, Iran for scattered species.
Abstract: . Fazlollahi Mohammadi M, Ahmadlo F, Keshtiban SM. 2015. Adaptive strip sampling in forest inventory of scattered species of Ulmus glabra in Hyrcanian Forests, northern Iran. Nusantara Bioscience 7: 48-54. Some populations of tree species may be sparse but they are highly geographically clustered. A simple random sample of plots could then yield mainly empty plots. Adaptive Cluster Sampling (ACS) is an efficient design for tallying of these populations. Presented study is designed to estimate the abundance of Wych elm (Ulmus glabra) as a scattered tree species in mountain forests of Iran. This study looks at design-based methods for a forest inventory survey, with the goal of improving estimation when the target species has a patchy spatial distribution. In particular, we examined the efficiency and feasibility of modified adaptive cluster sampling in combination with strip sampling (SACS) as a new sampling design in Hyrcanian forests, Iran for scattered species. To collect data, we recorded a number of 845 trees to represent locations of individuals in a spatially aggregated population by using GPS 60CX model. In overall, results showed that SACS was underestimated in estimating coefficient of variance (CVµ) and (Varµ) while it was overestimated in estimating mean of tree density at all quadrate size except for size 15 m square in compared to conventional strip sampling (CSS). Results evidenced that HH estimator was more efficient than HT ones in estimating mean, (CVµ) and variance (Varµ) in compared to (CSS) approach. Practically results of our study using SACS confirmed that a 15 m square sample size of quadrate with four adjacent units was optimized network size to sampling of such populations. Future studies using SACS may be required, especially, in combine to two-phase sampling strategies when cover of these species is of concern.
TL;DR: Mishra et al. as discussed by the authors conducted a laboratory study to validate the impact of the addition of Alnus nepalensis leaf litter on carbon and nutrients mineralization in soil.
Abstract: . Mishra G, Giri K, Dutta A, Hazarika S, Borgohain P. 2016. A laboratory study to validate the impact of the addition of Alnus nepalensis leaf litter on carbon and nutrients mineralization in soil. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 5-7. Plant litter or residues can be used as soil amendment to maintain the carbon stock and soil fertility. The amount and rate of mineralization depend on biochemical composition of plant litter. Alnus nepalensis (Alder) is known for its symbiotic nitrogen fixation and capability to restore fertility of degraded lands. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted for 60 days under controlled conditions to validate the carbon and nutrients mineralization potential of alder litter. Soil fertility indicators, i.e. soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), and available potassium (K) were analyzed using standard procedures. Significant differences were observed in the soil properties after addition of litter. Nutrient composition of alder litter was found superior by providing significantly higher organic matter and helped in better nutrient cycling. Therefore, alder based land use system may be replicated in other degraded lands or areas for productivity enhancement which is important for sustaining biodiversity and soil fertility.