Showing papers in "Optics & Photonics News in 1997"
TL;DR: Novel coherence-domain imaging techniques provide the capability for rapid, noninvasive imaging of microscopic sub-surface structures and blood flows in living biological tissues in order to provide the medical profession with new diagnostic tools.
Abstract: Novel coherence-domain imaging techniques provide the capability for rapid, noninvasive imaging of microscopic sub-surface structures and blood flows in living biological tissues. The authors describe recent advances in optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical coherence microscopy (OCM), and color Doppler OCT (shown above) as means to provide the medical profession with new diagnostic tools.
104 citations
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TL;DR: A PDF file can describe documents containing any combination of text, graphics, and images in a device independent and resolution independent format.
Abstract: Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format developed by Adobe Systems for representing documents in a manner that is independent of the original application software, hardware, and operating system used to create those documents. A PDF file can describe documents containing any combination of text, graphics, and images in a device independent and resolution independent format. These documents can be one page or thousands of pages, very simple or extremely complex with a rich use of fonts, graphics, colour, and images. PDF is an open standard, and anyone may write applications that can read or write PDFs royaltyfree.
48 citations
TL;DR: Guidelines for the safe use of lasers have evolved considerably since initially issued by defense research organizations in the 1960s as discussed by the authors, and today very mature safety standards and regulations exist worldwide.
Abstract: Guidelines for the safe use of lasers have evolved considerably since initially issued by defense research organizations in the 1960s. Today, very mature safety standards and regulations exist worldwide.
42 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the advantages and disadvantages of various numerical methods used during the design and manufacturing process of optical thin film are discussed, as well as their application in various end applications.
Abstract: Producing thin films that meet the optical requirements of various end applications is a daunting task. In this article, the author discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various numerical methods used during the design and manufacturing process.
42 citations
Abstract: Acousto-optic tunable filters are powerful tools for spectroscopy, imaging, and WDM. Gupta traces the development of these devices and discusses current and future applications.
29 citations
22 citations
TL;DR: In this chapter, St. Hilaire discusses the need for advanced visual interfaces, and explains the history, present state, and future of the technology, with an emphasis on the MIT Media Laboratory project.
Abstract: While holographic video is a realistic concept in contemporary science fiction, it remains an illusive technology. St. Hilaire discusses the need for advanced visual interfaces, and explains the history, present state, and future of the technology, with an emphasis on the MIT Media Laboratory project.
15 citations
TL;DR: The authors explore the current use of modern image processing techniques to decipher ancient texts, and look toward future applications, including “discovering” original texts from overwritten documents.
Abstract: The authors explore the current use of modern image processing techniques to decipher ancient texts, and look toward future applications, including “discovering” original texts from overwritten documents.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the use of LiNbO3 and their applications in FIBER COMMUNICATION and SENSING systems. But not all are commercially available.
Abstract: INTEGRATED OPTICS COVERS A WIDE VARIETY OF DEVICE TYPES, MADE USING A WIDE ARRAY OF MATERIALS, MOST COMMONLY LiNbO3, SILICA ON SILICON, ION EXCHANGE IN GLASS, InP/GaAs, AND POLYMERS. NOT ALL ARE COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE. THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES DEVICES FABRICATED USING LiNbO3 AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN FIBER COMMUNICATION AND SENSING SYSTEMS.
15 citations
TL;DR: Improvements in spatial light modulators (SLMs) are expanding their applications and Barbier and Moddel describe how SLMs work and provide insight into the latest SLM applications.
Abstract: Improvements in spatial light modulators (SLMs) are expanding their applications. Barbier and Moddel describe how SLMs work and provide insight into the latest SLM applications.
TL;DR: Pepper highlights in-process inspection of industrial components using laser ultrasonics with adaptive photodetectors, real-time pattern recognition and classification, and compensated fiber-based systems for high-brightness, high-average power laser beam delivery systems for material processing.
Abstract: Nonlinear optical techniques may provide the competitive edge for quality control and enhanced manufacturability in the ever-challenging industrial arena. To this end, Pepper highlights in-process inspection of industrial components using laser ultrasonics with adaptive photodetectors, real-time pattern recognition and classification, and compensated fiber-based systems for high-brightness, high-average power laser beam delivery systems for material processing.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a high-aluminum silica-based erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) was used to produce gain flatness within 1 dB (for a 20 dB gain) over a 20 nm bandwidth.
Abstract: A high-aluminum silica-based erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) can produce gain flatness within 1 dB (for a 20 dB gain) over a 20 nm bandwidth.1
TL;DR: In this paper, Raguin and Morris discuss a new approach for micro-elements for compact optoelectronic systems, which has challenged fabrication technology, and discuss one new approach.
Abstract: The need for micro-elements for compact optoelectronic systems has challenged fabrication technology. In this feature, Raguin and Morris discuss one new approach.
TL;DR: Gourley discusses the development of “biocavity” lasers and how they are allowing scientists to analyze cells in new and exciting ways.
Abstract: Gourley discusses the development of “biocavity” lasers and how they are allowing scientists to analyze cells in new and exciting ways.
TL;DR: In this paper, a number of technical issues must be understood and solved in the areas of optical modeling, optimization, fabrication, and testing, in order to turn potential into reality.
Abstract: Conformal optical elements offer the promise of enhanced aircraft and missile performance, as well as the potential of improved commercial applications such as microlithography and precision illumination. To turn potential into reality, a number of technical issues must be understood and solved in the areas of optical modeling, optimization, fabrication, and testing.
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TL;DR: This article provides a discussion of new optical information processing techniques for encryption, security, and anti-counterfeiting that have been shown to perform well for a variety of problems and applications.
Abstract: This article provides a discussion of new optical information processing techniques for encryption, security, and anti-counterfeiting that have been shown to perform well for a variety of problems and applications.
TL;DR: In this article, a few-cycle terahertz (THz) pulses were shaped using a slit in a conductive screen as a high-pass filter, and the filter's cutoff frequency was tuned by changing the width of the slit; the slope of the cutoff transition was altered by changing thickness of the screen.
Abstract: We report temporal shaping of few-cycle terahertz pulses, using a slit in a conductive screen as a high-pass filter. The filter’s cutoff frequency was tuned by changing the width of the slit; the slope of the cutoff transition was altered by changing the thickness of the screen. We measured the transmission function of the filters, using large-aperture photoconducting antennas to create and detect the incident and transmitted electric field. Our experimental results were in excellent agreement with the performed finite-difference time-domain simulations of the propagation of the pulse through the slit. When the screen thickness was greater than the slit width, the filter was well modeled by a short, planar waveguide. Using a simple transfer function, we accurately describe the sharp cutoff and dispersion of such a filter. © 1997 Optical Society of America Recently terahertz (THz) pulses have proved useful for a wide variety of applications, including far-infrared 1 / time-domain spectroscopy, 2 study and control of Rydberg atoms, 3 T-ray imaging of optically opaque materials, 4 and impulse-ranging studies. 5 Applications exploit the features of THz pulses that distinguish them from optical pulses, namely their broad bandwidth and long center wavelength. The broad bandwidth allows for the exciting possibility for sculpting the pulses to meet a desired goal by modifying their spectra. Although shaped THz pulses have been made by modifying the optical pump intensity profile 6 or by manufacturing more complex emitters, 7 there are
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TL;DR: Smith as discussed by the authors discusses various issues relating to sub-0.25 μm lithography, including source wavelength, illumination, masking, and materials, and discusses the effect of different materials on the performance.
Abstract: Bruce Smith discusses various issues relating to sub-0.25 μm lithography, including source wavelength, illumination, masking, and materials.
TL;DR: To get the most from an all-optical network, researchers must understand the physical limitations of WDM networks and how to overcome them.
Abstract: Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) takes advantage of optical fiber's tremendous bandwidth. To get the most from an all-optical network, researchers must understand the physical limitations of WDM networks and how to overcome them. Signal degradation, attenuation, distortion, and crosstalk all influence the ability to expand WDM, all-optical networks.
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