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Showing papers in "Physica Status Solidi B-basic Solid State Physics in 1980"


Journal ArticleDOI
H. R. Shanks1, C. J. Fang1, Lothar Ley1, Manuel Cardona1, F.J. Demond1, S. Kalbitzer1 
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that the integrated strength of the bond stretching bands in hydrogenated amorphous silicon cannot be used to determine the hydrogen concentration because the local effective charge for ir absorption is a function of hydrogen concentration and sample preparation.
Abstract: The ir absorption spectrum of hydrogenated amorphous silicon is discussed in the context of structural models for this material. It is shown that the integrated strength of the bond stretching bands in hydrogenated amorphous silicon cannot be used to determine the hydrogen concentration because the local effective charge for ir absorption is a function of hydrogen concentration and sample preparation. The effective charge for the wagging—rocking—rolling vibrations at 640 cm−1, however, is independent of hydrogen concentration and sample preparation. Hence the integrated strength of this band can be used to measure the hydrogen concentration provided the proportionality constant is determined empirically. Changes in the ir absorption bands as a function of isochronal annealing temperature show that two different types of bonds contribute to the bond stretching band at 2100 cm−1. The bond bending bands at 890 and 840 cm−1 are associated with one of the bonds producing the 2100 cm−1 stretching band. The relative strengths of the 890 and 840 cm−1 bands to the 2100 cm−1 band depend strongly on the film preparation method: the glow discharge produced films show much stronger bending bands than those produced by rf sputtering. A structural model for hydrogenated amorphous silicon is presented in which a Maxwell-Garnett-type local field correction, which is dependent on the dipole location within a microvoid and the shape of the microvoid, is used to explain the data. Das IR-Absorptionsspektrum von hydrogenisiertem, amorphem Silizium wird im Zusammenhang mit Strukturmodellen fur dieses Material untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, das die integrale Starke der ‚bond-stretching’-Banden in hydrogenisiertem, amorphem Silizium nicht fur die Bestimmung der Wasserstoffkonzentration benutzt werden kann, weil die lokale effektive Ladung fur die IR-Absorption eine Funktion der Wasserstoffkonzentration und Probenpraparation ist. Die effektive Ladung fur die ‚wagging—rocking—rolling’-Schwingungen bei 640 cm−1 ist jedoch unabhangig von der Wasserstoffkonzentration und Probenpraparation. Somit kann die integrale Starke dieser Bande benutzt werden, um die Wasserstoffkonzentration zu messen, vorausgesetzt, das die Proportionalitatskonstante empirisch bestimmt wird. Anderungen in den IR-Absorptionsbanden in Abhangigkeit von der isochronen Temperungstemperatur zeigen, das zwei unterschiedliche Bindungsarten zur ‚bond-stretching’-Bande bei 2100 cm−1 beitragen. Die ‚bond-bending’-Banden bei 890 und 840 cm−1 sind mit einer der Bindungen verknupft, die die 2100 cm−1-Stretching-Bande hervorrufen. Die relativen Starken der 890- und 840-cm−1-Banden zur 2100 cm−1-Bande hangen stark von der Schichtherstellungsmethode ab: die durch Glimmentladung hergestellten Schichten zeigen viel starkere Bindungsbanden als die durch HF-Sputtern hergestellten. Ein Strukturmodell fur hydrogenisiertes, amorphes Silizium wird angegeben, in dem eine lokale Feld-korrektur vom Maxwell-Garnett-Typ benutzt wird, die von der Dipollokalisierung im Innern eines Mikrohohlraumes und der Form des Mikrohohlraums abhangt, um die Werte zu erklaren.

456 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis is given of the well-known Moss formula connecting the energy gap to the refractive index of semiconductors, and the relation is shown to reduce to the earlier predicted linear form.
Abstract: An analysis is given of the well-known Moss formula connecting the energy gap to the refractive index of semiconductors. Based on Penn's model for the dielectric function of semiconductors and the treatment of Wemple, the refractive index is related to the energy gap. For small gaps, the relation is shown to reduce to the earlier predicted linear form.

262 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a complete assignment for the modes obtained from resonance Raman scattering on cis- and trans-polyacetylene is reported, and experimental results confirm the alternating bond model and lead to a sine wave chain potential with amplitude 1.9 eV.
Abstract: A complete assignment for the modes obtained from resonance Raman scattering on cis- and trans-polyacetylene is reported. The Raman lines in the cis-isomer indicate a well expressed one dimensional behaviour of the chain. From the line profile and line position of the resonance enhanced CC stretch modes in the trans-isomer a chain length distribution of modified Gaussian form with a maximum at 30 CC double bonds and a half width of 20 CC bonds is deduced. The experimental results confirm the alternating bond model and lead to a sine wave chain potential with amplitude 1.9 eV. The effective mass of the π-electrons is determined for the first time experimentally to be equal to the free electron mass. Intercalating the cis-polymer with AsF5 results in a cis-trans-transition and a pronounced chain shortening. It is concluded from the experiments that the intercalating molecules precipitate between the chains. Es wird eine vollstandige Zuordnung der aus Resonanz-Ramanexperimenten erhaltenen Moden fur cis- und trans-Polyazetylen gegeben. Die Ramanlinien im cis-Isomer deuten auf ein gut ausgepragtes eindimensionales Verhalten der Ketten hin. Aus dem Linienprofil und der Linienlage der resonanzverstarkten Linie der CC-Streckmode im trans-Isomer kann eine Kettenlangenverteilung einer modifizierten Gausschen Form mit einem Maximum bei 30 CC-Bindungen und einer Breite von 20 CC Bindungen analysiert werden. Das Modell der alternierenden Bindungen wird bestatigt, wobei das sinusformige Potential eine Amplitude von 1,9 eV hat. Die effektive Masse der Elektronen wird erstmals experimentell als gleich der freien Elektronenmasse bestimmt. Interkalieren des cis-Polymers mit AsF5 fuhrt zu einem cis—trans-Ubergang und zu einer ausgepragten Kettenverkurzung. Aus den Experimenten kann geschlossen werden, das die interkalierten Molekule zwischen den Ketten auslagern.

194 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the reflection and gain spectra of CdS and ZnO were investigated as a function of excitation intensity and temperature, and the results indicated that an electron-hole plasma is formed under high excitation, preferentially if small excitation spots are used.
Abstract: The reflection and gain spectra of CdS and ZnO are investigated as a function of excitation intensity and temperature. For the gain spectroscopy the two beam method and the variation of the excitation strip length are used. The results indicate, that an electron–hole plasma is formed under high excitation, preferentially if small excitation spots are used. The electron–hole plasma comes close to its thermal equilibrium only in especially favourable cases. Excitonic recombination processes are predominant, if larger excitation spots are used. Die Spektren der Reflexion und der optischen Verstarkung werden an CdS und ZnO in Abhangigkeit von der Anregungsintensitat und der Temperatur untersucht. Fur die Messung der optischen Verstarkung werden die Zweistrahl- und die Strichlangenmethode eingesetzt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, das sich bei hoher Anregung ein Elektron–Loch-Plasma bildet, besonders bei Verwendung kleiner angeregter Gebiete. Es nahert sich aber nur in besonders gunstigen Fallen dem thermischen Gleichgewicht an. Bei groseren angeregten Gebieten uberwiegen exzitonische Rekombinations-prozesse.

89 citations





Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the gain spectrum of a degenerate electron-hole plasma for direct gap semiconductors is calculated as a function of the density and the temperature of the electronic excitations.
Abstract: The gain spectrum of a degenerate electron–hole plasma for direct gap semiconductors is calculated as a function of the density and the temperature of the electronic excitations. The calculation contains the collision broadening in the single-particle self-energies and the excitonic enhancement due to the attractive electron–hole interaction in the plasma. For the example of GaAs the numerically calculated spectrum is shown to fit the experimentally determined spectrum. Das Spektrum der optischen Verstarkung eines Elektron–Loch-Plasmas in direkten Halbleitern wird als Funktion der Dichte und der Temperatur der elektronischen Anregungen berechnet. Die Rechnung berucksichtigt sowohl die Stosverbreiterung der Einteilchen-Selbstenergien als auch die exzitonische Verstarkung aufgrund der anziehenden Elektron–Loch-Wechselwirkung im Plasma. Am Beispiel von GaAs wird gezeigt, das das numerisch berechnete Spektrum das gemessene Spektrum richtig beschreibt.

72 citations




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a self-consistent theory of ac and dc transport in disordered hopping systems is given, which is an extension of an effective medium approximation and a Cayley tree formalism, and calculated dc and ac conductivity are compared with the results of computer simulations of R-hopping networks and data of amorphous germanium.
Abstract: A self-consistent theory is given of ac and dc transport in disordered hopping systems. The method is an extension of an effective medium approximation and a Cayley tree formalism. The calculated dc and ac conductivity are compared with the results of computer simulations of R-hopping networks and data of amorphous germanium. The agreement is very satisfactory. The exponent s of the ωs component decreases with temperature in the way observed experimentally. Es wird eine selbstkonsistente Theorie der Gleich- und Wechselstromleitfahigkeit in ungeordneten Hopping-Systemen vorgestellt. Die Methode ist eine Erweiterung einer Effektiv-Medium-Naherung im Cayley-tree-Formalismus. Die berechneten Gleich- und Wechselstromleitfahigkeiten werden mit Computer-Simulationen auf R-hopping-Netzwerken und experimentellen Daten von amorphem Germanium verglichen. Der Exponent s der ωs-Komponente fallt mit der Temperatur wie es experimentell beobachtet wird.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the energy levels of ground state excitons embedded in a gas of electrons, and holes are obtained within the framework of the Green's function technique, and contributions of the interaction with free carriers and exciton are considered in the first Born approximation, and plasmon effects are taken into account.
Abstract: Corrections to the energy levels of ground state excitons embedded in a gas of excitons, electrons, and holes are obtained within the framework of the Green's function technique. Contributions of the interaction with free carriers and excitons are considered in the first Born approximation, and plasmon effects are taken into account. Numerical values are given for the exciton energy shift linear in the densities at different temperatures and different electron—hole mass ratios. Im Rahmen der Technik der Greenschen Funktionen werden die Korrekturen zur Grundzustandsenergie eines Exzitons berechnet, das in ein Plasma aus Exzitonen, Elektronen und Lochern eingebettet ist. Es werden die Beitrage der Wechselwirkung mit freien Ladungstragern und mit Exzitonen in der ersten Bornschen Naherung betrachtet, und Plasmoneffekte werden berucksichtigt. Schlieslich werden numerische Werte fur die in den Dichten lineare Verschiebung des exzitonischen Grundzustandes bei verschiedenen Temperaturen und Elektron—Loch-Massenverhaltnissen gegeben.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the energy losses suffered by a 20 keV electron beam through thin films of some transition metals (Sc, Y, Zr, Hf) and of their oxides are measured using a magnetic spectrograph up to 50 eV.
Abstract: The characteristic energy losses suffered by a 20 keV electron beam through thin films of some transition metals (Sc, Y, Zr, Hf) and of their oxides are measured using a magnetic spectrograph up to 50 eV. The energy loss function — Im 1/e and the complex dielectric constant are calculated. It is shown that the electron excitation spectra of metals contain two main contributions in this energy range: one due to collective excitations of the conduction electrons, the other to the excitation of inner p-electrons. In the case of oxides the spectra display three strong structures: there are probably two collective excitations of valence electrons followed by the excitation of inner p-electrons of the metal. Les pertes caracteristiques d'energie subies par un faisceau d'electrons de 20 keV a la traversee de films minces de quelques metaux de transitions places en debut de serie (Sc, Y, Zr, Hf) et de leurs oxydes ont ete mesurees avec un spectrographe magnetique jusqu'a 50 eV. La fonction —Im 1/e et la constante dielectrique complexe sont calculees. On montre que le spectre des excitations electroniques des metaux contient deux contributions principales dans le domaine d'energie considere: l'une due a l'excitation collective du gaz d'electrons de conduction, l'autre a l'excitation des electrons p. Dans le cas des oxydes, les spectres mettent en evidence trois structures importantes: deux excitations collectives des electrons de valence et l'excitation des electrons p du metal.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the variation of refractive index with intensity of irradiation is explained on the basis of a three stage process, viz. photogeneration of free carriers, shift of the absorption edge by a dynamic Burstein-Moss effect, and reduction in total absorption and hence of the optical constants.
Abstract: The variation of refractive index with intensity of irradiation is explained on the basis of a three stage process, viz. (i) photogeneration of free carriers, (ii) shift of the absorption edge by a dynamic Burstein-Moss effect, and (iii) reduction in total absorption and hence of refractive index as a result of the inter-relation of the optical constants. The theory gives the correct sign, magnitude, and wavelength dependence of the effect.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new effective field theory with correlations in a diluted ferromagnet is discussed in this paper, where the critical percolation concentration is obtained analytically and the transition temperatures are given as a universal function of effective number of nearest neighbours.
Abstract: A new-type effective field theory with correlations in a diluted ferromagnet is discussed. The critical percolation concentration is obtained analytically. The transition temperatures are given as a universal function of effective number of nearest-neighbours. The specific heat and internal energy are also obtained. Eine neue effektive Feldtheorie mit Berucksichtigung von Korrelationen wird fur einen verdunnten Ferromagneten diskutiert. Es wird die kritische Perkolationskonzentration berechnet. Die Ubergangstemperatur ist gegeben als eine universelle Funktion einer effektiven Zahl von nachsten Nachbarn und die spezifische Warme sowie die innere Energie werden berechnet.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the lowering of lattice symmetry on the configuration and properties of centers and crystals of 6H2O (I) and 6H 2O (II) is analyzed.
Abstract: EPR of Cu(H2O) pseudo Jahn-Teller (JT) centres in dia- and paramagnetic Tutton salt crystals A2M(SO4)2. 6H2O (I) with A = Rb, Cs, NH4 and M=Zn, Cu and K2M(ZrF6)2. 6H2O (II) crystals in the temperature range 300 to 4.2 K at frequencies 9.5 and 37 GHz is studied. The dynamic JT nature of Cu(H2O) centres in the whole class of Tutton salt crystals is established basing on the results of EPR study and X-ray data. The influence of the lowering of lattice symmetry on the configuration and properties of centres and crystals is analyzed. The character of the distortion of Cu(H2O) complexes in “copper” crystals I and II is discussed in terms of cooperative JT effect. The main JT parameters of Cu(H2O) complexes for the crystals under consideration are estimated. [Russian Text Ignored].

Journal ArticleDOI
S. Marklund1
TL;DR: By considering valence force potentials the cores of the glide-set 30° and 90° partial dislocations in silicon are investigated as mentioned in this paper, and it is shown that the 30° partial probably does not contain dangling bonds, while on the other hand dangling bonds at the 90° part are more likely to exist as pairing of bonds across its core is opposed by a strong shear field.
Abstract: By considering valence force potentials the cores of the glide-set 30° and 90° partial dislocations in silicon are investigated. It is shown that the 30° partial probably does not contain dangling bonds, while on the other hand dangling bonds at the 90° partial are more likely to exist as pairing of bonds across its core is opposed by a strong shear field. The implications of the results on the electron states of the partials are briefly discussed. Die Eigenschaften der Kerne von 30° und 90° Partialversetzungen im ‚glide set’ werden mit Hilfe der Paarwechselwirkungspotentiale untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, das die 30° Partialversetzung keine ‚dangling bonds’ enthalt, wahrend anderseits ‚dangling bonds’ bei der 90° Partialversetzung eher vorhanden sind, weil Paarung von Bindungen uber ihren Kern hinweg von einem kraftigen Scherungsfeld behindert wird. Die Folgerungen dieses Ergebnisses fur die Elektronenzustande an Partialversetzungen werden kurz diskutiert.

Journal ArticleDOI
R. Courths1
TL;DR: In this article, an angle-dependent UPS measurements are performed on BaTiO3 (001) and Sr TiO3(100) surfaces and it is concluded that the top of the valence band emission is due to an oxygen surface state, which cannot be explained with existing theoretical bulk densities of states.
Abstract: UPS studies (21.2 and 40.8 eV) are performed on BaTiO3 (001) and SrTiO3 (100) surfaces. In both the compounds there is an enhanced emission at the top of the valence band for hv = 21.2 eV, which cannot be explained with the existing theoretical bulk densities of states. From the results of angle-dependent UPS measurements it is concluded that the top of the valence band emission is due to an oxygen surface state. This interpretation is supported by band structure calculations for thin films of BaTiO3 of Marathe et al. A band gap state at 0.9 eV (BaTiO3) and 1.2 eV (SrTiO3) below the bottom of the conduction band can be detected on oxygen deficient surfaces and is interpreted as arising from Ti3+ species. In UHV annealed surfaces are 1 × 1 ordered. They show a 2 × 2 or two mutually perpendicular 2 × 1 LEED patterns in case of a higher concentration of Ti3+—O-vacancy defects due to defect ordering. UPS-Studien (21,2 and 40,8 eV) werden an BaTiO3(001)- und SrTiO3(100)-Oberflachen durchgefuhrt. In beiden Verbindungen wird fur hv = 21,2 eV eine verstarkte Emission an der Valenzbandoberkante beobachtet, die nicht mit existierenden theoretischen Volumenzustandsdichten erklart werden kann. Aus den Ergebnissen von winkelabhangigen UPS-Messungen wird geschlossen, das diese Emission von einem Sauerstoffoberflachenzustand verursacht wird. Diese Interpretation wird gestutzt durch die Bandstrukturrechnungen an dunnen BaTiO3-Filmen von Marathe et al. Ein Bandluckenzustand 0,9 eV (BaTiO3) bzw. 1.2 eV (SrTiO3) unterhalb der Leitungsbandunterkante wird in sauerstoffunterschussigen Oberflachen beobachtet und Ti3+-Spezies zugeordnet. In UHV geheizte Oberflachen zeigen eine 1 × 1-Ordnung. Im Falle einer hoheren Konzentration der Ti3+—O-Fehlstellen-Defekte zeigen die Oberflachen ein 2 × 2- oder zwei zueinander senkrechte 2 × 1-LEED-Muster aufgrund von Defektordnung.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a study of additional waves in the exciton region of CdS crystals is reported, showing a structure that is a direct reflection of the polariton dispersion law.
Abstract: A study of additional waves in the exciton region of CdS crystals is reported. Transmittivity and reflectivity of thin crystals is measured showing a structure due to the Fabry-Perot interference and the interference of additional waves. This structure is a direct reflection of the polariton dispersion law. Using the formulas for a spatially dispersive platelet and Pekar's additional boundary conditions the theoretical reflectivity curves are obtained numerically reproducing the essential experimental results. Values for all physical parameters defining dispersion and damping of the polaritons are found. Some evident deviations between the experimental curves and the present computer results for the reflectivity are pointed in connection with a discussion of the role of the surface exciton potential. [Russian Text Ignored.]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Amorphous SixGe1−x:H films are prepared by decomposition of SiH4/GeH4 mixtures in a rf glow discharge as mentioned in this paper, and it is concluded that by admixture of Ge the tail state distribution becomes steeper and that the concentration of defects is considerably enhanced.
Abstract: Amorphous SixGe1−x:H films are prepared by decomposition of SiH4/GeH4 mixtures in a rf glow discharge. With increasing Ge-content the optical gap as well as the energy and the half width of the luminescence peak decrease linearly. It is concluded that by admixture of Ge the tail state distribution becomes steeper and that the concentration of defects is considerably enhanced. Already small amounts of Ge lead to a drastic decrease of the photoconductivity (ημτ-product). Amorphe SixGe1−x: H-Schichten werden durch Zersetzung von SiH4/GeH4-Mischungen in einer HFGlimmentladung hergestellt. Mit zunehmendem Ge-Gehalt nimmt sowohl das optische Gap als auch die Energie und Halbwertsbreite des Lumineszenzmaximums linear ab. Es wird angenommen, das durch die Zumischung von Ge die Verteilung der Auslauferzustlnde steiler wird und das die Konzentration von Defekten betrachtlich erhoht wird. Schon geringe Mengen von Ge fuhren zu einem drastischen Ruckgang der Photoleitfahigkeit (ημτ-Produkt).


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The static dielectric constant ϵs in Pb1−xSnxTe (x = 0 to 0.4) single crystals is determined from a magnetoplasma reflection measurement between 4.2 and 100 K as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The static dielectric constant ϵs in Pb1−xSnxTe (x = 0 to 0.4) single crystals is determined from a magnetoplasma reflection measurement between 4.2 and 100 K. At high temperatures ϵs increases with increasing temperature obeying a Curie law. The Curie constant is practically unchanged for different alloy composition, and the inverse static dielectric constant at 4.2 K decreases lineaarly with x, going to zero at alloy composition x = 0.35. At x = 0.40, a phase transition is observed at 20 K. The temperature dependence of ϵs is explained by anharmonic terms of lattice vibrations. La constant dielectrique ϵs dans les monocristals Pb1−xSnxTe (x = 0 to 0,4) a ete determine par la mesure de reflexion de magneto-plasma a temperatures entre 4,2 et 100 K. A hautes temperatures, ϵs augmentes avec temperature par la loi de Curie. Les constantes de Curie dans alliage compositions differentes ne different pas de l'un l'autre, et 1/ϵs a 4,2 K diminuent en ligne directe avec x et vont a zero a alliage compositions x = 0,35. A x = 0,40, la transition de phase est trouve a 20 K. La dependence de temperature de ϵs est explique par le terme de anharmonique de vibration de reseau.

Journal ArticleDOI
J. C. Phillips1
TL;DR: The rarity of glass-forming materials requires the existence of topologically specific principles (over and above the randomness implied by the absence of long-range order) which optimize the glassforming tendency as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The rarity of glass-forming materials requires the existence of topologically specific principles (over and above the randomness implied by the absence of long-range order) which optimize the glass-forming tendency (gft). For covalent glassy semiconductors an algebraic condition predicts correctly the composition dependence of the gft. Quite generally substantial medium-range order associated with quasi-regular internal surfaces can be found in glasses at distances as large as 1000 A in suitably selected thin films. Die Seltenheit von glasbildenden Materialien erfordert das Vorhandensein von spezifischen topologischen Prinzipien (uber und oberhalb der Zufalligkeit, die durch das Fehlen einer Fern-ordnung gegeben ist), die die Glasbildungstendenz (gft) optimieren. Fur kovalente, glasartige Halbleiter sagt eine algebraische Bedingung korrekt die Abhangigkeit der gft von der Zusammen-setzung voraus. Ganz allgemein wird eine betrachtliche mittlere Ordnung, verbunden mit quasiregularen inneren Oberflachen in Glasern bis zu Abstanden von 1000 A in geeignet ausgewahlten dunnen Schichten gefunden.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the energy band structure of corundum was investigated theoretically using the semi-empirical Mulliken-Rudenberg method and a crystal potential was constructed based on the self-consistent effective atomic charges and electronic populations obtained within the framework of the method used.
Abstract: The energy band structure of corundum is investigated theoretically using the semiempirical Mulliken-Rudenberg method. A crystal potential is constructed basing on the self-consistent effective atomic charges and electronic populations obtained within the framework of the method used. The connection of the energy bands with the atomic states of the constituent atoms is discussed. The valence band widths and the electronic density distribution appear to be in good agreement with experimental data. [Russian Text Ignored]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the small signal lifetime for Auger recombination, spontaneous emission of radiation, and spontaneous emissions of plasmons is calculated in the compounds Pb0.78Sno.22Te and Pb 0.91Sno0.09Se.
Abstract: In a wide range of temperature and doping level the small signal lifetime for Auger recombination, spontaneous emission of radiation, and for spontaneous emission of plasmons is calculated in the compounds Pb0.78Sno. 22Te and Pb0.91Sno0.09Se. In the calculation degeneracy of the carrier gas and anisotropy of band structure is taken into account. At donor concentrations ND > 1019 cm−3, recombination by emission of plasmons dominates. For ND < 5 ×1016 cm−3 radiative recombination dominates in Pb0.78. Sno22Se up to temperatures TL < 180 K, in Pb0.09Se, however, up to 230 K. In einem weiten Temperatur- und Dotierungsbereich wird die Kleinsignal-Lebensdauer fur Augerrekombination, spontane strahlende Emission und fur spontane Plasmonenemission in den Mate-rialienPb0.78Sn0,22Te und PbSn0,09Se berechnet. Hierbei wird die Entartung des Ladungstrager-gases und die Anisotropie der Bandstruktur berucksichtigt. Fur Donatorkonzentrationen ND > > 1019 cm−3 dominiert die Rekombination infolge Anregung von Plasmonen. Fur ND 1014 cm−3 dominiert in Pbo,78Sn0,22Te die strahlende Rekombination bis zu Temperaturen TL < 180 K, in Pb0, 91Sn0, 09Se dageen bis zu 230 K.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The luminescence properties of Bi3+-activated Cs2NaYCl6 crystals are presented in this article, where the lumine properties of a Bi3 ion (6s2) occupied an Y3+ site which has cubic symmetry.
Abstract: The luminescence properties of Bi3+-activated Cs2NaYCl6 crystals are presented The Bi3+ ion (6s2) occupies an Y3+ site which has cubic symmetry Excitation in the A absorption band yields 3T1u emission Excitation in the C absorption band, however, yields 3T1u and 3A1u emission, because both levels are populated by nonradiative processes from the 1T1u excited state The emission and excitation spectra show vibrational structure The vibronic lines are assigned and discussed Die Lumineszenzeigenschaften von Bi3+-aktivierten Cs2NaYCl6-Kristallen werden dargestellt Das Bi3+-Ion (6s2) nimmt einen Y3+-Kristallplatz ein, der eine kubische Symmetrie hat Anregung in die A-Absorptionsbande gibt 3T1u-Emission Dahingegen gibt Anregung in die C-Absorptionsbande 3T1u- und 3A1u-Emission, weil beide Anregungszustande mittels nichtstrahlender Prozesse des 1T1u-Anregungszustandes besetzt werden Die Emissions- und Anregungsspektren zeigen Vibrationsstrukturen Die Elektronenvibrationslinien werden diskutiert

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the frequency of the magnon excitations of two 2D Heisenberg antiferromagnets (Rb2MnCl4 and CH3NH3NCl4) were measured by means of inelastic neutron scattering for [ξ, 0, 0] at 8 K and by magnetic resonance for k = 0 at various temperatures.
Abstract: The frequencies are measured of the magnetic excitations (magnons) of Rb2MnCl4 and (CH3NH3)2MnCl4 by means of inelastic neutron scattering for [ξ, 0, 0] at 8 K and by magnetic resonance techniques for k = 0 at various temperatures. From the temperature dependence of the intensity of a magnetic Bragg peak, experimental values are obtained for the sublattice magnetization of those two 2D Heisenberg antiferromagnets. The experimental data are analyzed theoretically within the framework of Oguchi's renormalized spin wave theory. The spin wave parameters (exchange field and anisotropy field) are extracted from the measured magnon frequencies in a self-consistent way. They are utilized to calculate not only magnon dispersion curves but also other magnetic properties as the sublattice magnetization and the magnetic susceptibility. Except for the susceptibility, the calculated values compare well with experimental data in the temperature range 0 ≦ T ≦ 0.7 TN. Die Frequenzen der magnetischen Anregungen (Magnonen) von Rb2MnCl4 und (CH3NH3)2MnCl4 werden gemessen, und zwar mittels inelastischer Neutronenstreuung fur [ξ, 0, 0] bei einer Temperatur von 8 K und mittels einer magnetischen Resonanztechnik fur k = 0 bei einer Reihe von Temperaturen. Aus der Temperaturabhangigkeit eines magnetischen Bragg-Reflexes werden experimentelle Werte fur die Untergittermagnetisierung dieser beiden 2D-Heisenberg-Antiferromagneten ermittelt. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse werden dann einer theoretischen Analyse im Rahmen der renormalisierten Spinwellentheorie von Oguchi unterzogen. Die Spinwellenparameter (Austauschfeld und Anisotropiefeld) werden in selbstkonsistenter Weise aus den gemessenen Magnonenfrequenzen ermittelt. Sie werden dann dazu benutzt, nicht nur die Magnondispersions-kurven, sondern auch andere Grosen wie die Untergittermagnetisierung und die magnetische Suszeptibilitat zu berechnen. Mit Ausnahme der Suszeptibilitat stimmen die berechneten und experimentellen Werte im Temperaturbereich 0 ≦ T ≦ 0,7 TN recht gut uberein.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrical conductivity and the thermoelectric power of boron carbide were investigated in the temperature range from 80 to 700 K on samples of compositions between B12.94C2.06 and B10.59C4.41.
Abstract: The electrical conductivity and the thermoelectric power of boron carbide are investigated in the temperature range from 80 to 700 K on samples of compositions between B12.94C2.06 and B10.59C4.41. While the extrinsic thermal activation of free carriers dominates the electronic transport at high temperatures, at low temperatures a metal—insulator transition occurs depending on the C content. Lower C contents than B12C3 cause variable-range hopping (In σ ∼ T−1/4) whereas higher contents lead to impurity-band conduction. The overlap of two impurity bands (possibly Hubbard bands) attributed to the carbon in boron carbide is assumed. An Borkarbid der Zusammensetzung zwischen B12,94C2,06 und B10,59C4,41 werden elektrische Leitfahigkeit und Thermokraft im Temperaturbereich von 80 bis 700 K untersucht. Wahrend bei hohen Temperaturen generell die thermische Anregung von Ladungstragern im Fremdleitungsbereich die Transporteigenschaften bestimmt, tritt bei tieferen Temperaturen ein Metall—Isolator-Ubergang in Abhangigkeit von der C-Konzentration auf. Geringere C-Konzentrationen als etwa B12C3 haben variable-range hopping (In σ ∼ T−1/4) zur Folge, hohere C-Konzentrationen fuhren zu Storbandleitung. Es wird eine Uberlappung von zwei Storbandern (moglicherweise Hubbard-Bandern) angenommen, die dem Kohlenstoff im Borkarbid zuzuordnen sind.