Showing papers in "Planetary and Space Science in 1970"

TL;DR: The types of discontinuity which can occur in a magnetohydrodynamic fluid with anistotropic pressure are discussed in this article, and rules are given for the identification of the type of discontinuities together with equations to determine their orientation and velocity.

TL;DR: In this paper, small scale spatially periodic auroral arc distortion observations, using low light level TV reception, were made using low-light-level TV reception with low-power TV reception.

TL;DR: In this paper, an artificially created ion cloud is assumed to have a relative velocity with respect to the ambient plasma originating from the momentum of the satellite from which the cloud is released and because of the convection of the magnetospheric plasma itself.

TL;DR: In this paper, electrical conductivity without particle-particle or waveparticle collisional noise or radiation was shown to be achievable without particle particle particle or wave particle collimation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the theory of solar wind flow past earth extended to nonmagnetic planets Venus and Mars (Venus and Mars) and was extended to the non-magnetic planet Mars.

TL;DR: In this article, a model calculation is performed by which the magnitude and form of the anticipated atmospheric wave train may be assessed, and both are found to be consistent with observations already recorded, but the question as to whether the Lorentz force or the Joule dissipation is the more important exciting agency provided by the current, is left unanswered because of present uncertainties connected with the nature of the current itself.

TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between the components of electric field perpendicular to the magnetic field line in the ionosphere and at the equator is computed for dipole and distorted magnetic field models under the assumption that magnetic field lines are electric equipotentials.

TL;DR: In this article, the solar diurnal (1,3), (1,-1), and (1−3) modes and the solar semidiurnal (2,2) and (2−4) modes are calculated.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the reaction of CO2+ with atomic oxygen in a flowing afterglow system at 295°K at a rate constant 2.6 × 10−10cm3/sec and appeared to produce both O2+and O+ as product ions, approximately in the ratio 5:3.

TL;DR: In this article, the results of hydromagnetic reflection and refraction at a shear layer and at a shock are applied to situations representative of the magnetopause and the Earth's bow shock.

TL;DR: Mesosphere and lower thermosphere heat input rates and circulation, calculating worldwide average eddy diffusion coefficient, calculated by as discussed by the authors, was used to calculate the worldwide average EDD diffusion coefficient.

TL;DR: The Compton-getting anisotropy introduced by the motion of an observer with velocity V through a particle or photon flux is derived from the Lorentz-invariance of distribution functions in phase space as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, the location of the magnetospheric plasmapause and the position of the electron density minimum or "trough" at the orbit of the Alouette I satellite near 1000 km have been derived from whistler data and from topside ionograms respectively.

TL;DR: In this article, the response of the ionosphere to a horizontal wind-induced e.m.f. is derived and the appropriate boundary conditions are discussed and the equation is solved numerically to obtain the electric current distribution produced by several different models of the lunar semidiurnal tide.

TL;DR: In this article, a model of a polar ion-exosphere in which the geomagnetic field lines are open is developed, and the electrostatic field in this region has been calculated by taking into account two fundamental conditions: (1) quasi-neutrality has to be satisfied everywhere in the exosphere; (2) escape fluxes of electrons and ions have to be equal.

TL;DR: In this article, OGO-4 observations of hydrogen Lyman-alpha airglow surrounding earth, measuring dependence on solar zenith angle, were used to measure the dependence of the solar zener angle on the Lyman alpha airglove surrounding earth.

TL;DR: In this article, a detailed numerical study is made of the physical and chemical processes which determine the structure of the F2-layer at middle latitudes, with measured values of solar flux, absorption cross-sections, and chemical rate constants for input data.

TL;DR: In this paper, the results of a rocket borne electric field experiment flown near local midnight from Andenes, Norway have been transformed to an Earth-fixed coordinate system and compared with plasma temperature and density measurements, energetic particle fluxes, and perpendicular electric field variations, to strengthen the earlier conclusion that ∼10 mV/m electric fields existed parallel to the magnetic field line during the flight.

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the regulating mechanism in gas production is not the desorption process, but remains the sublimation rate of water snow, and the equations describing plain adsorption on water snow and formation of a clathrate hydrate of gas are shown to be alike.

TL;DR: In this paper, the existence and thennodynamic stability of clathrate hydrate of methane is checked in the 100°K temperature range, and its dissociation pressure is measured.

TL;DR: In this paper, the absorption bands of the Schumann-runge system of molecular oxygen, which overlap the Herzberg continuum, were studied in order to improve the aeronomic calculations in the mesosphere and stratosphere.

TL;DR: In this article, realistic atom-atom elastic scattering cross-sections are used instead of an isotropic approximation and program efficiency is increased dramatically by studying the virtual trajectories of atoms missing from the atmosphere instead of the real atoms comprising the atmosphere.

TL;DR: A rocket-baring Langmuir probe and plasma noise probe experiment conducted at 2300 hr IST on 29 August 1968 from Thumba near the magnetic equator, revealed the existence of electron densities varying between 10 3 and 10 4 per cc in the height range of 95-120 km and a deep valley in the 120-140 km region as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Auroral ion composition and chemistry from rocket-borne mass spectrometer measurements, investigating oxygen density and green line excitation was described in this paper. But the results were limited to a single image.

TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of the position of the auroral oval with the boundary of the stable trapping region φs, and the limit of closed geomagnetic field lines φc, has been carried out; Alouette-2 data are used to obtain the trapping boundary.

TL;DR: In this paper, thermal diffusion effects on F 2 region ion densities, deriving diffusion coefficients for partially ionized atomic oxygen plasma, were investigated for the case of atomic oxygen atoms.

TL;DR: In this article, the transport coefficients of the ionospheric electron gas, including thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and current flow conductivity due to thermal gradients, were evaluated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the Coulomb collisions and an ion-cyclotron instability contribute comparably to the establishment of this limit under solar-wind conditions usually observed, while conditions favorable to the firehose instability seem to occur only on rare occasions.

TL;DR: The dependence of the atmospheric distutions of CO and CO upon the combined effects of photochemical production and loss, and transport is examined in this paper, where it is found that deviations from complete mixing are possible in the mesosphere and upper stratosphere.