Showing papers in "Preventive Medicine in 2008"

TL;DR: Active commuting that incorporates walking and cycling was associated with an overall 11% reduction in cardiovascular risk, which was more robust among women than in men, which should be investigated for possible gender effects.

TL;DR: Evidence suggests that even low doses of PA may be protective against depression, and further studies examining the optimal domain of PA for reducing the likelihood of depression are needed.

TL;DR: Improved cycling infrastructure in the form of bicycle paths and lanes that provide a high degree of separation from motor traffic is likely to be important for increasing transportation cycling amongst under-represented population groups such as women.

TL;DR: The quantitative evidence to date for the relationship between safety and constrained physical activity has received mixed support, and the evidence is somewhat inconsistent, and this may be partly attributed to measurement limitations.

TL;DR: The rationale and need for MHBC research and interventions are presented, the research base is briefly reviewed, and core conceptual and methodological issues unique to this growing area are identified.

TL;DR: Computer-delivered interventions can lead to improved behavioral health outcomes at first post-intervention assessment, and interventions evaluating outcomes at extended assessment periods are needed to evaluate the longer-term efficacy of computer-del delivered interventions.

TL;DR: Self-efficacy was the most commonly assessed mediator in youth interventions and there was strong support for its role in mediating the relation between theory-based interventions and physical activity.

TL;DR: Proximity and mix of destinations appears strongly associated with walking for transport, but not walking for recreation or vigorous activity, which may contribute to adults doing more transport-related walking and achieving recommended levels of physical activity.

TL;DR: This study demonstrates the ability of TTM-based tailored feedback to improve healthy eating, exercise, managing emotional distress, and weight on a population basis and produced a high level of population impact that future multiple behavior interventions can seek to surpass.

TL;DR: Current research has largely been focused on mothers, and has relied heavily on cross-sectional designs and self-report measures, and future work should focus on longitudinal designs across family development, gender and role interactions, and include social ecological frameworks and objective physical activity measurement.

TL;DR: Policy efforts to reduce adolescent smoking should aim to reduce the density of tobacco outlets and retail cigarette advertising in school neighborhoods through local zoning ordinances, including limiting the proximity of Tobacco outlets to schools.

TL;DR: There is evidence for long-term increases in physical activity behaviour and physical fitness and to improve uptake of physical activity additional tailored exercise prescription strategies seem promising.

TL;DR: Skills-based programs help to deter drug use and are better than affective ones in improved self-efficacy, and well designed, long-term randomised trials, and evaluation of intervention components are required.

TL;DR: The current review provides inconsistent evidence on the effectiveness of eIectronic screening and brief intervention for alcohol use and process research suggests that web-based interventions are generally well received.

TL;DR: Between 1971 and 2003, Australian children's mode of travel to and from school has markedly shifted from active (walking) to inactive (car) modes.

TL;DR: This was the first study to demonstrate that MI and online TTM could produce significant multiple behavior changes, and compared to the HRI only group, the MI and TTM groups had significantly more participants in the Action stage for exercise and effective stress management and significantly fewer risk behaviors at 6 months.

TL;DR: An updated and enhanced examination of two important principles of behavior change is a significant contribution to the field of multiple health risk behaviors, as it clearly demonstrates the consistency of the theoretical principles across multiple behaviors, which has implications for developing multiple healthrisk behavior interventions.

TL;DR: Given the disease and cost burdens, Multiple Health Behavior Research represents the future of preventive medicine and growing evidence in this special issue and beyond indicates that simultaneous and sequential interventions can be effective.

TL;DR: Future studies of environmental determinants of physical activity should consider incorporating objective indices of access to facilities, or accounting for the systematic bias that may result from relying on self-report perceptions as an indicator of the actual physical activity environment.

TL;DR: In addition to cycling-related social support and perceived benefits and barriers, bike lane connectivity may be an important determinant of cycling as a means of transportation among adult city dwellers.

TL;DR: Recommendations to cycle to work or use public transport as a strategy to maintain healthy weight for men are supported, and healthy weight cannot be causally attributed to cycling and use of public transport in this study, but the link is plausible.

TL;DR: Overall, the knowledge of the general public about HPV infection is poor and efforts should be increased to give sufficient and unbiased information on HPV infection to thegeneral public.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined associations between availability of different types of food outlets and children's fruit and vegetable intake and found that the more fast food outlets (or convenience stores) close to home, the lower the likelihood of consuming fruit ≥ 2 times/day.

TL;DR: For improvement in overall diet quality, socio-economic interventions must be coupled with health education programs targeting all segments of the US population.

TL;DR: Neighbourhood satisfaction may mediate the association between perceived environmental characteristics and measures of mental health in adults, and three NS factors were independent predictors ofmental health.

TL;DR: Mediation analysis confirmed that indoor plants in a hospital room reduce feelings of stress through the perceived attractiveness of the room, and sheds light on the underlying mechanism causing this stress-reduction.

TL;DR: Results suggest simple interventions, requiring little teacher training, can yield increases in healthy physical activity among 3-5-year-old children.

TL;DR: Sex differences and weekday/weekend differences in activity were largely due to the intensity of the most frequent bouts of activity and frequency of themost intense bouts.

TL;DR: Examination of how health behavior theory might be applied to the growing research terrain of multiple behavior change found it to have the potential to broaden the understanding of multiple behaviors and multiplebehavior change.

TL;DR: Walking and bicycling to work are significantly negatively associated with overweight+obesity and, to some extent, obesity.