Showing papers in "Prometheus in 2010"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors look at the costs and potential benefits of alternative models for scientific and scholarly publishing, describing the approach and methods used and summarising the findings of a study undertaken for the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) in the United Kingdom.
Abstract: A knowledge economy has been defined as one in which the generation and exploitation of knowledge has come to play the predominant part in the creation of wealth. It is not simply about pushing back the frontiers of knowledge; it is also about the more effective use and exploitation of all types of knowledge in all manner of economic activities. One key question is whether there are new opportunities and new models for scholarly publishing that might better serve researchers and more effectively communicate and disseminate research findings. Building on previous work, this paper looks at the costs and potential benefits of alternative models for scientific and scholarly publishing, describing the approach and methods used and summarising the findings of a study undertaken for the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) in the United Kingdom. It concludes that different publishing models can make a material difference to the costs faced and benefits realised from research communication, and it seems lik...
75 citations
TL;DR: In a similar way, the offshoring of services has expanded to include what Peter Drucker called "knowledge work" as mentioned in this paper, which includes data entry, routine software programming and testing, and phone banks that answer customers' questions or make telemarketing calls.
Abstract: T he growing integration of the world’s economy in general, and the increased participation of China and India in international trade in particular, raise important questions: Will competition from more than a billion Chinese and Indians reduce wages and imperil the prosperity of the West? What, if anything, is to be done? Many manufacturing companies that once flourished in the United States have succumbed to overseas competition or have relocated much of their activity abroad. Domestic employees of U.S. companies make few of the ubiquitous objects of daily life—most of the clothes and shoes that Americans wear, their furnishings, children’s toys, TV sets, phones, and computers are produced by foreign companies, typically in foreign factories. Even the ships and containers that carry these goods to the U.S. most often come out of overseas shipyards and factories. Now services appear to be reprising the journey of manufacturing. Just as the manufacturing exodus started with the low-wage, relatively unskilled work of assembling trinkets or stitching clothes, the offshoring of services started with data entry, routine software programming and testing, and phone banks that answer customers’ questions (with varying degrees of success) or make telemarketing calls. At a later stage, overseas manufacturing went high end, producing numerically controlled machine tools, robots, and high-performance automobiles. In a similar way, the offshoring of services has expanded to include what Peter Drucker called “knowledge work.” Companies such as Microsoft are offshoring software architecture, not just low-end programming. Overseas workers with advanced degrees are analyzing financial statements, testing trading strategies, designing computer chips, and reading X-rays for U.S. clients. Most significant, in the eyes of some, is the offshoring of R&D. According to a 2005 cover story in BusinessWeek, when Western companies farmed out manufacturing in the 1980s and 1990s, they promised to keep “all the important research and development” in-house. That pledge has now become “passé.” Companies such as Dell and Motorola are buying “complete designs” from Asian manufacturers. While electronics is “furthest down the road,” the “search for offshore help” is “spreading to nearly every corner of the economy” as U.S. companies find that their current R&D spending “isn’t yielding enough bang for the buck.” While outsourcing may reduce costs in the short run, BusinessWeek cautioned, Western companies could “lose their technology edge” as their Asian contractors move up the “innovation ladder.”
66 citations
TL;DR: Warr and Clapperton as discussed by the authors combine two areas that are usually considered separately: the first is the first-person perspective and the second is the second-person viewpoint of the author.
Abstract: by Peter Warr and Guy Clapperton, London, Routledge, 2010, ix + 190 pp., (paperback), ISBN 978‐0‐415‐45966‐2 This concise book combines two areas that are usually considered separately. The first a...
34 citations
TL;DR: The assessment of scholarly literature on the Information Society provided in this paper sets out and distinguishes between the analytical foundations of mainstream and critical contributions from a selection of disciplines and fields with a view to considering why there is so little reciprocal engagement among them, and whether there are new opportunities to promote a dialogue with those who hold the power to establish policies and investment practices with regard to information and communication technologies.
Abstract: The assessment of scholarly literature on the Information Society provided in this paper sets out and distinguishes between the analytical foundations of mainstream and critical contributions from a selection of disciplines and fields with a view to considering why there is so little reciprocal engagement among them, and whether there are new opportunities to promote a dialogue with those who hold the power to establish policies and investment practices with regard to information and communication technologies. Based on a review of hundreds of works, it is argued that a broader range of analytical frameworks needs to be considered if today's policies and strategies in this area are not to perpetuate inequality and injustice. In particular, we need to acknowledge that a plurality of visions of future information societies exists, embracing potentially conflicting values and priorities. More emphasis needs to be given to analytical approaches that privilege human well‐being and inclusivity.
33 citations
TL;DR: The widespread failure of economists to predict the 2008 credit crunch and subsequent Global Financial Crisis led Her Majesty the Queen to ask what had gone wrong as mentioned in this paper. She received very different responses from representatives of mainstream and heterodox perspectives, but did not concede that there is any need for fundamental reform of how the discipline is taught and the kind of research that is conducted.
Abstract: The widespread failure of economists to predict the 2008 credit crunch and subsequent Global Financial Crisis led Her Majesty the Queen to ask what had gone wrong. She received very different responses from representatives of mainstream and heterodox perspectives. The mainstream economists' perspective on the crisis contained elements of truth, but it did not concede that there is any need for fundamental reform of how the discipline is taught and the kind of research that is conducted. This paper critically examines ways in which the degenerating mainstream research programme can attempt to fend off claims that major changes are needed. It also considers barriers to curriculum change in economics and the incentive structures that work against economics becoming more pluralistic and focused on real‐world problems. It concludes by suggesting ways in which pressures might be imposed from the outside for reform within the economics discipline.
32 citations
TL;DR: Degradation rituals can be described in terms of various features, including degrading agents, contexts, means and severity as discussed by the authors, and attacks on scientists in a variety of fields can be usefully interpreted through the lens of degradation rituals.
Abstract: Reputations are crucially important to scientists, so it is valuable to examine processes by which reputations come under attack. One potent method is a degradation ritual, an event or process that stigmatises the target and often results in feelings of shame and humiliation. Anthropologists and other scholars from a range of disciplines have examined degradation rituals and ceremonies, but their use in science has received little attention, perhaps because of the focus on the rational features of the issues involved. Degradation rituals can be described in terms of various features, including degrading agents, contexts, means and severity. Attacks on scientists in a variety of fields can be usefully interpreted through the lens of degradation rituals.
25 citations
TL;DR: This paper argued that institutions of higher education have converted themselves into corporatised institutions under managerial governance, and they have taken on occult qualities, and examined the ways in which various distinctive features of contemporary academic discourse and procedure have become steeped in areas of ritual and enchantment.
Abstract: This study maintains that, as institutions of higher education have converted themselves into corporatised institutions under managerial governance, they have taken on occult qualities. These tendencies are analysed in the light of Jean and John Comaroff's theory of occult economies: wealth‐generating enterprises involved in areas of mystery and magic. Modern universities, it is argued, have become occult economies, and this study examines the ways in which various distinctive features of contemporary academic discourse and procedure have become steeped in areas of ritual and enchantment. Paradoxically, then, although the commodification of higher education has been depicted as a process based on real world principles of rationalisation, cost effectiveness and accountability, it has drawn universities closer to the otherworldly.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that cognition linking risk to innovation is influenced by two distinct cognitive paradigms which have deep roots in personality and culture and are closely bound up with political identity.
Abstract: We argue that cognition linking risk to innovation is influenced by two distinct cognitive paradigms which have deep roots in personality and culture and are closely bound up with political identity. We differentiate between a paradigm of Promethean conservatism where innovation is perceived as threatening, and a paradigm of ‘Strategic Resilience’, where the status quo is perceived as threatening and innovation is perceived to reduce this threat. We find an evidence base for these paradigms in the personality psychology literature, which shows a strong tendency for psychometric measures of risk and innovation to correlate positively with each other and negatively with measures of conservatism and authoritarianism. We develop four theoretical elaborations from this greatly underutilised evidence base: (1) we seem to possess powerful ‘implicit personality theories’ (IPTs) which conflate the risk taker with the innovator; (2) these IPTs lead us to evaluate risk‐taking innovation either positively or negative...
18 citations
TL;DR: Houghton et al. as discussed by the authors showed that it would yield a 40-fold benefit/cost ratio if the world's peer-reviewed research were all self-archived by its authors so as to make it Open Access.
Abstract: Among the many important implications of Houghton et al’s (2009) timely and illuminating JISC analysis of the costs and benefits of providing free online access (“Open Access,” OA) to peer-reviewed scholarly and scientific journal articles one stands out as particularly compelling: It would yield a forty-fold benefit/cost ratio if the world’s peer-reviewed research were all self-archived by its authors so as to make it OA. There are many assumptions and estimates underlying Houghton et al’s modelling and analyses, but they are for the most part very reasonable and even conservative. This makes their strongest practical implication particularly striking: The 40-fold benefit/cost ratio of providing Green OA is an order of magnitude greater than all the other potential combinations of alternatives to the status quo analyzed and compared by Houghton et al. This outcome is all the more significant in light of the fact that self-archiving already rests entirely in the hands of the research community (researchers, their institutions and their funders), whereas OA publishing depends on the publishing community. Perhaps most remarkable is the fact that this outcome emerged from studies that approached the problem primarily from the standpoint of the economics of publication rather than the economics of research.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a Communities of Practice approach is used to unravel the actions and activities that facilitate the diffusion of management knowledge among organizations, as well as the manner in which interactions between the general and the specific provide a creative dynamic that facilitates the widespread diffusion and a multiple creation of knowledge.
Abstract: A Communities of Practice approach is used to unravel the actions and activities that facilitate the diffusion of management knowledge among organizations. In so doing, the local embedded nature of knowledge is recognized, as is the manner in which interactions between the general and the specific provide a creative dynamic that facilitates the widespread diffusion and a multiple creation of knowledge. Knowledge interactions are explored in terms of boundary processes involving interactions between management gurus, management consultants, business schools/management academics, managers and business media. Moreover, by making a clear distinction between implicit management knowledge and management ideas and techniques, important differences between the communities engaged in the diffusion of management knowledge are revealed.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the implications for public libraries of the Australian government's 2009 strategy for the digital economy and find that the strategy's emphasis on productivity and economic competitiveness, boosted by a proposed high-speed national broadband network, presents major opportunities for Australian libraries.
Abstract: This paper examines some implications for public libraries of the Australian government's 2009 strategy for the digital economy. Many countries have produced national digital strategies in recent years, but these key pieces of policy architecture have received little critical attention. The rhetorical framing of the Australian document indicates the shift of communication and information to the centre of economic policy. This has particular significance for public libraries, as the major public information portals and cultural storehouses of liberal democracies. The strategy's emphasis on productivity and economic competitiveness, boosted by a proposed high‐speed national broadband network, presents major opportunities for Australian libraries. However, libraries and other collecting institutions have voiced concern over assumptions that they can simply ‘unlock’ their collections and supply content for new broadband applications. In contrast to some other countries, the Australian strategy pays no attenti...
TL;DR: In this article, Weber's categories of meaning in action are used to argue the value of combining the primarily rational innovation adoption literature with the more emotional consumption literature, and they argue that this combination provides a more holistic understanding of how innovations diffuse and has implications for those delivering, us.
Abstract: This paper aims to improve understanding of how innovations are diffused through combining perspectives on the adoption and consumption of innovation. The literature on the adoption of innovation mainly examines issues such as technical functionalities, utility and personality factors. In contrast, research on the consumption of innovation is concerned with the context and meaning of consumer decisions and the values that underlie them. The paper is conceptual and uses Weber’s categories of meaning in action to argue the value of combining the primarily ‘rational’ innovation adoption literature with the more ‘emotive’ consumption literature. By reference to the consumption of hybrid cars, we show how the innovation adoption literature can be valuably supplemented by an understanding of what consumers of innovation do, why they do it and what doing it means to them. We argue that this combination provides a more holistic understanding of how innovations diffuse and has implications for those delivering, us...
TL;DR: This article proposed a new framework of "behavioural innovation economics" as a synthesis of behavioural economics and innovation economics in the context of choice under novelty, where the standard heuristics and biases framework of behavioral economics is applied to map and analyze systematic choice failures in the innovation process by distinguishing between choice under uncertainty and choice under novelism.
Abstract: This paper proposes a new framework of ‘behavioural innovation economics’ as a synthesis of behavioural economics and innovation economics in the context of choice under novelty. The standard heuristics and biases framework of behavioural economics is applied to map and analyze systematic choice failures in the innovation process by distinguishing between choice under uncertainty and choice under novelty. Behavioural biases that affect choice under novelty are then elaborated. The paper then suggests 10 ways in which choice under novelty is behaviourally hard, rendering innovation subject to characteristic failure along these behavioural dimensions.
TL;DR: An economic examination of the impact of an innovation in the mental health sector is presented, first adopted in 1980 with the publication of a new edition of the nosology for the diagnosis of mental illnesses and disorders, which is known familiarly as the DSM‐III.
Abstract: Economic studies of innovation are relevant to the mental health sector, not just for innovations in more conventional industries, such as telecommunications. We present an economic examination of the impact of an innovation in the mental health sector. The innovation examined here was first adopted in 1980 with the publication of a new edition of the nosology (or classification) for the diagnosis of mental illnesses and disorders, which is known familiarly as the DSM‐III. In our analysis, we incorporate the impact of that innovation, and another major force relevant to psychiatric diagnosis during that time period, i.e. a trend in the West towards the medicalisation of normal sorrows. This is now a documented phenomenon. By using conventional price–quantity space and focussing attention on the quantity outcome, we are able to consider the impact of these concurrent forces on the false positive rate in the diagnosis of mental illnesses in the West and on efficacious diagnostic practice in this sector. Dia...
TL;DR: In this paper, Drahos and Braithwaite present a cost-benefit analysis of different forms of scholarly publishing, which is a major contribution in considering the case for open access and for open institutional repositories as a standard resource in publicly-funded universities.
Abstract: Like Hegel’s owl of Minerva, scholars are arriving at the realization of the existence of the knowledge economy after dusk. (Drahos and Braithwaite, 2002, p. 39)
Houghton and Oppenheim’s cost–benefit analysis of different forms of scholarly publishing is a major contribution in considering the case for open access and for open institutional repositories as a standard resource in publicly-funded universities. Understanding these issues through empirically-informed profiles of national systems of research and innovation is a significant advance, but to focus only on this is to be distracted from significant and more general issues about the ways in which knowledge is produced, particularly in universities, and the requirements and opportunities for such work in the contemporary knowledge economy. As with Hegel’s owl of wisdom, the true meaning of major new ways of doing things can only be appreciated later in the day, when both the innovation and its implications are clearer.
TL;DR: In this paper, a first-pass theory of change in the styling of objects of domestic utility is proposed, based on the idea that the expressive potential of design for the maker, the user and the designer exists in tension with other desirable properties of the designed artefact.
Abstract: This paper advances a first‐pass theory of change in the styling of objects of domestic utility. It is based on the idea that the expressive potential of design for the maker, the user and the designer exists in tension with other desirable properties of the designed artefact. Respectively these are mass availability, conformity to professionally‐defined ideas of good taste, and the demands of function and marketability. The theory is illustrated by reference to the emergence and subsequent dilution of three design movements; Arts and Crafts, Art Nouveau and certain versions of Modernism.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore aspects of unconventional competition between firms and draw lessons from decision-making approaches adopted by the military to deal with unconventional competition, and conclude that businesses can learn a great deal from how the military deals with such competition.
Abstract: We explore aspects of unconventional competition between firms. In particular, we address two critical questions. The first is: what happens when firms decide to compete outside the rules and frameworks of conventional competition? In other words, how should firms react to competitors who employ unconventional means of competition that differ from recognised Western ethical and legal norms? Secondly, we examine whether current warfare models provide guidance to firms facing such unconventional competition. To address these two questions, we seek to draw lessons from decision‐making approaches adopted by the military. We come to the conclusion that businesses can learn a great deal from how the military deals with unconventional competition.
TL;DR: In this article, Houghton and Oppenheim summarise a much longer and more detailed report (Houghton et al., 2009) published by the Joint Information S...
Abstract: In ‘The economic implications of alternative publishing models’, Houghton and Oppenheim summarise a much longer and more detailed report (Houghton et al., 2009) published by the Joint Information S...
TL;DR: A conceptual framework for understanding the role of technology in intelligence is developed, highlighting technology’s ability to affect intelligence analysts’ understanding of threats, identification of data sources and information gaps, and their interaction with colleagues and consumers of intelligence products.
Abstract: Technology has penetrated the social fabric of security practices so deeply that it is often used without much reflection on its role, significance and implications. This naturalisation of technology makes it difficult for practitioners to develop their own vision of technology. They may become subject to the coercive power of technology, and appropriate the narrow technological paradigm embodied in their tools. This, in turn, makes it difficult for technology developers to understand practitioner needs and to assess the transformative potential of technology. This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework for understanding the role of technology in intelligence. The focus is on the technological capabilities supporting an analysis of sociocultural processes related to so‐called ‘new threats’. The two main problems in intelligence nowadays are deciding what data are relevant and how they should be analysed. The major issue is not the collection of information, but turning information into knowledge and...
TL;DR: In this article, the authority and reliability of publically available research, the role publishers have played as an external back-stop on issues of trust for academic communities, and the openness itself may have a social cost to the academy.
Abstract: John Houghton and Charles Oppenheim have rebuffed many of the claims made around the prevalent economic model(s) of academic publishing. They support the contention that there is much to be gained from a shift to open access dissemination of scholarly research. While the economic case seems clear, unfortunately this is not the whole picture; there are other costs and benefits related to the publication of research that are not economic. Therefore, it is worth complementing their useful analysis by raising some questions about the manner in which the academy in general has used traditional methods of publishing to maintain and develop certain community benefits. Let me be clear at the outset: I make these points not to defend traditional models of academic publication, but to suggest that there are some non-economic issues that must play a role in decisions about the manner in which open access can be achieved. Here I will suggest three matters that we should consider in addition to those set out by Houghton and Oppenheim: first, the authority and reliability of publically available research; secondly, the role publishers have played as an external back-stop on issues of trust for academic communities; and thirdly that openness itself may have a social cost to the academy. We need to think about these matters.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the efficiency of Web 2.0 from an economic perspective, and propose a demand-driven Web2.0 model that is expected to provide stronger incentives, through financial reward, for high quality content.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to evaluate, from an economic perspective, the efficiency of Web 2.0. It demonstrates that, because of the non‐monetary nature of Web 2.0, several sources of inefficiencies (search costs, externalities, crowding out and adverse selection) exist. Nonetheless, the economic nature of digital products and the expected low value of most online content make it impossible to adopt a simple market scheme for Web 2.0. In contrast, this paper introduces a concept of demand‐driven Web 2.0 (as opposed to the current Web 2.0, which is supply‐driven) that is expected to provide stronger incentives, through financial reward, for high quality content within a Web 2.0 environment.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that the Digital Economy Act, which passed through the UK Parliament on 8 April, and entered into force on 12 June 2010, does not address the problem of P2P file sharing on the Internet.
Abstract: Birgitte Andersen is Professor of the Economics and Management of Innovation in the School of Business, Economics and Informatics at Birkbeck College, University of London. She works on business innovation and technology policy, services dynamics and productivity, and the economics and management of intellectual property rights. She is a keen advocate of less exclusive intellectual property rights, and a smoother functioning of the market for intellectual property. This proposition paper debates the policy measures designed to curb P2P file sharing on the Internet. In doing this, the paper challenges the Digital Economy Act, which passed through the UK Parliament on 8 April, and entered into force on 12 June 2010.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the launch trajectories of embryonic ventures and propose a configurational model of these trajectories based on the resources and stages required to establish a viable commercial entity, and argue that embryonic firms must balance the development of product, financial and human resources through waves of resource accumulation as they move through different stages of development.
Abstract: New ventures play an important role in economic growth. The resource logic underlying how these firms develop in the early stages, however, has not received adequate attention in the literature. This paper examines the launch trajectories of embryonic ventures. We propose a configurational model of these trajectories based on the resources and stages required to establish a viable commercial entity. Potential launching paths are identified, from the inception of a new product/service idea through to success outcomes, including rapid, independent sales growth, stabilized profit, acquisition or Initial Public Offering. We argue that embryonic firms must balance the development of product, financial and human resources through waves of resource accumulation as they move through different stages of development. We summarize our arguments in a model of venture evolution.
TL;DR: Handke as discussed by the authors is assistant professor of Cultural Economics in the Department for the Study of the Arts and Culture at Erasmus University and Visiting Research Fellow with the Centre for Intellectual Property Policy & Management, Bournemouth University.
Abstract: Christian Handke is assistant professor of Cultural Economics in the Department for the Study of the Arts and Culture at Erasmus University and Visiting Research Fellow with the Centre for Intellectual Property Policy & Management, Bournemouth University.
TL;DR: Rutter is a Marie Curie Research Fellow at the School for Mass Communication Research, Catholic University of Leuven, where his research is focused primarily on community and the piracy of digital content as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Dr Rutter is a Marie Curie Research Fellow at the School for Mass Communication Research, Catholic University of Leuven, where his research is focused primarily on community and the piracy of digital content. He was the inaugural vice‐president of the international Digital Games Research Association (DiGRA).
TL;DR: This is an edited version of his Eve Saville memorial lecture, delivered at Kings College in July 2009, which points out that ecstasy and LSD are less dangerous than alcohol.
Abstract: On 30 October 2009, the home secretary in the UK asked David Nutt to resign from his post as chairman of the government's advisory council on the misuse of drugs. The previous day, the Centre for Crime and Justice Studies at King's College London had published Nutt's paper, ‘Estimating drug harms: a risky business?’. This is an edited version of his Eve Saville memorial lecture, delivered at Kings College in July 2009. The paper points out that ecstasy and LSD are less dangerous than alcohol. He had previously clashed with the home office over his editorial, ‘Equasy – an overlooked addiction with implications for the current debate on drug harms’, published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology in January 2009. This reflects on the reality that ecstasy is overall less harmful than riding. The home secretary was not amused, and the relationship between academic publication and scientific advice to government was cast into the limelight. David Nutt is now chair of the Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs.
TL;DR: Lucy Montgomery as mentioned in this paper explores evolutionary approaches to understand the role of copyright in creative innovation in China, Indonesia and Indigenous Australia, from which some of this response is drawn, and is the author of China’s Creative Industries: Copyright, Social Network Markets and the Business of Culture in a Digital Age.
Abstract: Lucy Montgomery is a Research Fellow in the Centre for Creative Industries and Innovation at Queensland Institute for Technology in Brisbane. Her current work explores evolutionary approaches to understanding the role of copyright in creative innovation in China, Indonesia and Indigenous Australia. She is the author of China’s Creative Industries: Copyright, Social Network Markets and the Business of Culture in a Digital Age (2010, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham), from which some of this response is drawn.
TL;DR: Houghton et al. as discussed by the authors used a modified Solow-Swan model to explore the potential impacts of alternative publishing models on both the private and spillover or social returns to R&D.
Abstract: In the last issue of Prometheus, the debate put forward a short summary of our recent report to JISC (Houghton et al., 2009) on the economic implications of alternative publishing models as the proposition and invited a range of responses. What follows is our reply. Stevan Harnad makes some interesting observations and important points. Like Mary Anne Kennan, but in marked contrast to Steven Hall’s response on behalf of the publishers, Harnad points out that many of the assumptions and estimates underlying our analysis are ‘very reasonable and even conservative’, and he argues that we are overestimating the asymptotic costs of Gold OA publishing by not taking account of the Green/Gold interaction effect. This is, of course, a consequence of examining the publishing models as alternatives at a given point in time. However, we take heart from being accused of overestimating costs by supporters of OA and underestimating by critics of OA, as it suggests that we may have it about right. Harnad’s main message from our analysis is that it provides support for the immediate adoption of Green OA self-archiving, and for policies and mandates that encourage the depositing of peer reviewed articles in openly accessible repositories. In this we agree, as self-archiving provides an immediately available means to make the findings of research more widely available, thus maximising the potential returns on public investment in research, at little additional cost and without disrupting established publishing practices. Martin Hall issues a very interesting challenge for us in the further development of the Scholarly Communication Lifecycle Model and calls for a broadening of the analysis. However, in focusing on the cost modelling, Martin Hall perhaps overlooks our intent in using a modified Solow–Swan model to explore the potential impacts of alternative publishing models on both the private and spillover or social returns to R&D – although there are, of course, still wider impacts. The genesis of the JISC study lay in our dissatisfaction with the debate about the economics of alternative publishing models, because it focused almost entirely on costs (and, very largely, still does). What sets our study apart from others is that the underlying question is not which model costs more and which less, but which is the most cost effective way to
TL;DR: In this paper, Brynjolfsson and Adam Saunders present a slim volume, written by one of the foremost researchers on IT and product engineering, which is a summary of their work.
Abstract: by Erik Brynjolfsson and Adam Saunders, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 2010, xvii+154 pp., US$18.95, ISBN 978‐0‐262‐01366‐6 This slim volume, written by one of the foremost researchers on IT and product...