Showing papers in "SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology in 2020"

Low-cost visible-light photodetector based on Ag/CdSe Schottky diode fabricated using soft chemical solution method

Abstract: The Schottky diode with a configuration of Ag/CdSe/ITO has been fabricated using soft chemical solution method. In this study, uniform nanocrystalline CdSe thin films of about 0.41 μm thickness were grown on ITO coated glass substrate under optimized deposition conditions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FESEM studies showed that the deposited thin film exhibit nanocrystalline in nature with hexagonal structure and well defined spherical grains with different sizes. The compositional analysis showed that the CdSe film becomes cadmium deficient and selenium richer. Ag/CdSe/Ag ohmic contact and Ag/ CdSe/ITO Schottky diode were fabricated for photodetection study. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements of the synthesized Ag/CdSe/Ag ohmic contact showed good photoresponse to visible light indicated that the prepared structure is suitable for photodetector application. The novelty of this work is to use simple and low cost method to fabricate the Schottky diode with a configuration of Ag/CdSe/ITO. The I-V characteristics of Ag/CdSe/ITO Schottky diode were measured under dark and illumination conditions, and it has been observed that the diode exhibits good rectification property. The as-obtained results highlighted that the fabricated Ag/CdSe Schottky diode could be considered as a promising optoelectronic device that can be effectively used in the visible region.

Water Level Monitoring and Leakage Detection System using Long Range Module (LoRa)

Abstract: Rising global environmental issues and rapidly growing population demands a massive need for water supply. These issues in-turn have made water conservation and water management an emergency aspect of human survival. Water level detection and leakage detection are paramount aspects of these issues. Therefore, a system is required to adequately manage the water resource by tracking the water level and to detect damage when there is a leak. The detection of water level will use “state-of-art” VL53L1X technology and leak detection will use a flow meter based on a hall sensor. Data transmission will be through long-range (LoRa) and real-time retrieving of data can be done using cloud server and various display units. LoRa provides increased coverage areas with high accuracy in data transmission. The results show that the proposed system works effectively in varied environmental conditional.

Compiler-Based Approach to Predict Reliability of Object-Oriented Programs

Abstract: In this work, we use structural analysis to estimate reliability of developed program. The compiler-based approach to reliability prediction first builds a System Dependence Graph (SDG) model for the program. The model is used for analysis, which output metric values representing structural complexity of the program. The metric values are then used to predict whether the program is reliable or not. Processing of the program is achieved by building a compiler based analysis tool using ANTLR [1].

Waste to Energy: A Review on Generating Electricity in India

Abstract: The traditional fuels required for the production of strength are decreasing every day, and it is far very vital to discover opportunity assets that may be used as fuel for the production of energy, especially for developing countries like India. The essential goal at the back of this paper is to lessen the pollutants, and recycle the wastage and reuse them, and ultimately to produce the electricity from waste. For producing strength, we make use of the process of changing the biomass strength into the electricity, and it will be transformed into strength. In a sense, right here, the phenomenon of biomass strength and this biomass electricity will be transformed into power, and by the use of this lessen the pollutants and also reduce the impact of global warming.

Digital Watermarking Technique using DWT, SVD, and AES

Abstract: As we are competing in advanced era, where the advancement and upgradation in technology takes place at every parameter (i.e. digitization, education) on daily basis. Such kind of use of internet involved in business environment, banking, hospitals etc seeking security, protection, concern towards illegal use of digital data. Internet is termed as the collection of various data in terms of audio, videos, images, text etc. Basically, while considering internet, the ownership identity needs to be protected. The suggested work will help in protecting the data from illegal use. In this manuscript we will present a technique named Water marking which will based on different algorithms like Singular Value Decomposition, Discrete Wavelet Transform and Advanced Encryption Standard. The term Watermarking is the way of securing data from copying, considering unauthorized access. The data availability can be either online or offline.

Online Food Ordering System for College Canteen

Abstract: The aim of the online food ordering for the college canteen is to automate the current manual system with the help of electronic equipment and full-fledged computer software, fulfilling their needs, so their valuable data will be kept for an extended amount with straightforward accessing and manipulation of identical. Basically, the paper describes how to manage for an excellent presentation and higher services for the clients. In our proposed system we are using Raspberry Pi controller, quick response (QR) code scanner, liquid-crystal display (LCD), and Wi-Fi. Raspberry Pi is the main controlling element in the paper.

Restaurant Waiter Robot

Abstract: In the current scenario, the restaurants from all over the world use manual waiters, i.e., the humans where the customers are being served by them. As communicable diseases are widespread, the need for social distancing and safety are major concerns nowadays. There is a need to ensure the least number of personal contacts. We can resolve the issue by introducing a restaurant waiter robot, where the robot sanitizes the dishes and serves the food to the customer. This will attract more and more customers and also will lead to a healthy lifestyle. The domain of the project is the internet of things (IoT), where we are building a robot using the microcontroller Arduino. We know that this project belongs to IoT. IoT is the system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, and the capability to transfer data over a network without requiring human to human or human to machine interface (HMI). Thus, our robot is an application where the customer is recognized by the table number. The different table numbers can easily be authenticated without any confusion. The online system allows the customer to order the required items. It also provides a chance for the customer to order as many times he wants without much interaction with the waiter. It also includes water and beverage serving as per the need. In the end with all the orders done, the robot will collect the money via cash or online payment. Apart from this the history of customers is also fed to the system and the same way the rewards or offers can be awarded.

Blockchain Technology: An Overview

Abstract: Change is inevitable in the field of technology and it is what has kept us going to for so long. Digitization has made lifestyle faster, easier and much more efficient. Organizations developed technologies with much higher productivity than their traditional methods. Let us consider the data collection, storage and transmission methods. It provided a much consistent and dependable database management system over the traditional file system. And every day the technology keeps on advancing to a better version of itself. Blockchain Technology is such an example of advanced technological innovation that has provided a whole new branch of technical solutions with much higher productivity. It also introduced a new style of business with cryptocurrencies that have high security due to advanced cryptography.

Accident Detection and Monitoring using Black Box

Abstract: This paper is proposed to record informational data, such as, vehicle speed, the temperature of the engine, and the amount of alcohol taken by the driver, etc., to revolutionize the field of motor vehicle accident investigation. It is also used for vehicle mapping and accident alert with the help of a global positioning system (GPS) and global system for mobile (GSM) technology.

Performance Analysis of High Speed and Area Efficient Finite Impulse Response Filters

Abstract: This study represents the designing and implementation of a bandpass finite impulse response (FIR) filter of order 31, using windowing techniques. The frequency parameters used are of a typical GSM receiver,19 which is one of the applications of software-defined radio (SDR). To minimize filter area, various multiplication techniques, like a canonical signed digit, Vedic multiplier, booth multiplier, and modified booth multiplier are used. Adders, like ripple carry adder, carry save adder, carry look ahead adder, and Kogge-Stone adder are used to add the product from the multiplier unit. A comparison between three different windows has been made. The FIR is designed in MATLAB using a windowing technique. Then, it is synthesized on Xilinx 14.7, Virtex 6 XC6VLX760, whose results are included in this paper.

Wireless Sensor Network-Assisted Forest Fire Detection and Control Firefighting Robot

Abstract: Forest fire is an uncontrolled fire that happens basically in timberland locales, indeed though it can moreover attack urban or country ranges. Among the main causes of quickly spreading fires, human variables, either deliberateness or coincidental, is the foremost typical ones. The number and impact of woodland fires are expected to create as a consequence of around the world warming. In arrange to fight against these fiascos, it is fundamental to receive a comprehensive, multifaceted approach that empowers continuous situational mindfulness and instant responsiveness. This paper portrays a hierarchical wireless sensor arrange pointed at early fire discovery in forest regions and informing fire work force approximately fire firsthand. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is coordinating with a semi-autonomous wirelessly controllable firefighting robot, these robots are actuated once a remote sensor organize recognizes fire and gives, to begin with, a line of defense against the spreading of wildfires and begins quenching fire until firefighters arrive.

Student Placement Prediction System using Machine Learning

Abstract: This paper presents an overview of the machine learning techniques that can be used to predict a student’s placement performance. The ability to predicting the performance of a student is a very essential task of all educational institutions. Since this is the task of predicting student’s placement of undergraduate students. This paper can be used to predict the probability of an undergraduate student getting placed by applying different machine learning algorithms. In this system, multilayer perceptron (MLP), logistic model tree (LMT), sequential minimal optimization (SMO), simple logistic, and logistic classifiers are applied to predict student performance. These classifiers independently predict the results and then compare the accuracy of the algorithms, which is based on the data set. After performing analysis on different matrices (time taken to build classifier, correctly classified instances, root mean squared error, incorrectly classified instances, precision, recall, F-measure, ROC area) by different machine learning algorithms, we are able to find which algorithm is performing better than other on the student data set, so that we are able to make a guideline for future improvement of student placement performance in education.

Compressive Sensing Data with Partial Canonical Identity Matrix For Image and Video Reconstruction Using Lifting Wavelet

Abstract: This paper propose a combined structure in which lifting-based, distinguishable, picture coordinated waveforms are evaluated as of compressively detected pictures and are utilized for the remaking of the equivalent. Coordinated wavelet can be effectively structured stipulation full picture is accessible. Likewise contrasted and the standard wavelets as scarifying basis, coordinated wavelet might give better reproduction brings about compressive detecting (CS) application. Since in CS application, we have compressively detected pictures rather than full pictures, existing strategies for planning coordinated wavelets can’t be utilized. In this way, we suggest a joint system that evaluations coordinated wavelets as of compressively detected pictures and furthermore remakes full pictures. This paper has three critical commitments. Initial, a lifting-based, image-matched separable wavelet is structured from compressively sensed pictures and is likewise used to reconstruct the equivalent. Second, a straightforward sensing matrix is utilized to test information at sub-Nyquist rate with the end goal that detecting and remaking time is decreased extensively. Third, a new multi-level L-Pyramid wavelet decay technique is accommodated detachable wavelet execution on pictures that prompts improved remaking execution. Contrasted and the CS-based reproduction utilizing standard wavelets by means of Gaussian detecting lattice and with existing wavelet decomposition system, the proposed technique gives quicker and improved image recreation in CS application. In this development further there is consideration of video to get video reconstruction. Same methodology used to get the reconstructed video from compressively sensed videos. Researcher worked for both real time video and stored standard video.

Football Prognosis using Machine Learning Algorithm XGBoost

Abstract: Sport is among the most popular activities of all time. About half of the populace were interested in different activities, football or soccer, as it is popularly called. Football is now an activity with massive venture resources and sales in milliards yearly, not just in terms of sports. In the last year, the Premier League itself has given rise to more than 1 billion dollars. Because betting in most European countries is now allowed, citizens continue to participate week after week. Betting companies have their predictors that are the foundation for betting scores. If people seek to conquer these challenges, they also take a tremendous deal away from them. Even though there may be three outcomes: win, loss, or draw results in a football match, it can be difficult to predict these results. The goal of our paper is therefore to create a model that tries to overcome these odds by utilizing limited data.

Controlling the Response of Plasmonic Nano-Antennas through Gap-Loading

Abstract: Unlike previously reported works, in this paper, we aim to create a link between the radiating elements and the proposed device at a distance, so that the emission can be distantly and freely manipulated. We present here a new type of device, using nonlinear hybrid antenna-semiconductor interaction. We observe a picosecond transient response from the antenna that cannot be explained by either pure or antenna nonlinearities independently. We have shown that optical pumping of antenna-semiconductor interaction leads to a local reduction of the free-carrier density in the substrate. The transient nonlinear response of the antenna-semiconductor interaction hybrid shows a redshift of the plasmon resonance, as opposed to transient bleaching on SiO2.

Internet of Things-Based Onion Preservation System

Abstract: India ranks second in onion production in the world. Onion is extremely important not only as a vegetable but also as a foreign exchange earner amongst other fruits and vegetables. But due to the continuous change in the Indian climate onions can rot or decay. Therefore, onions should be preserved by maintaining the temperature given by the National Onion Association (NOA). Under the ambient condition, the onions are stored at temperature 0 to 4°C with humidity 60 to 70%. So the idea has come up to preserve onion. In this project, we have designed an onion preservation system, which preserves an onion in a prescribed manner. In this system temperature, humidity sensors have been used to monitor temperature and humidity, respectively. Using the Peltier module, the air inside the tank is cooled and warmed to maintain the standard temperature range. By using the Internet of Things (IoT), making the proposed system smart and efficient, the user will get notification of the system anywhere in the world. Also, users will get recent onion market trends.

Potential Use of Nanofluids in Solar Collectors: A Review

Abstract: Solar energy is clean and easily available everywhere. It is trapped by a device called a solar collector. Solar collectors are used to utilize solar energy. Generally, the performances of the solar collector are low. Nanofluid is used in solar collectors to boost up the performance of the solar collector. This paper presents a review of the literature on the role of nanofluids in various types of solar collectors. It is found that the performance of the solar collector improves by using nanofluids as a heat transfer medium.

Surface Flow Visualization Tests on Swept Back Wing Configuration Subjected to Subsonic Flow

Abstract: For this investigation swept-back configuration of the wing has been studied experimentally utilizing the surface flow visualization method. Swept-back wings have been widely implemented to achieve high aerodynamic efficiency under high-speed operation. To understand flow structure over wing the pattern formed by surface flow visualization techniques over wing leeward surface has been well implemented in aerodynamic literature. However, it is desirable to investigate the flow structure formed over swept-back wing under low-speed operation. In this study, an experimental study was conducted using surface flow visualization technique upon swept-back, tapered wing configuration. The wing has aspect ratio of 4 and designed using RAE2822 airfoil configuration. Changes in flow pattern with change in angle of attack have mainly been studied. Oil flow visualization studies showed increase in heavy span-wise flow with an increase in angle of incidence. At low-speed operation, the formation of separation bubble over the airfoil and induced span-wise flow from the presence of sweep and taper create three-dimensional vortex flow structure over the wing.

Smart Energy Monitoring using ARM Cortex

Abstract: Nowadays, the demand for electricity increases due to an abrupt increase in population. In the existing system, the physical energy meter reading is taken, which is inefficient and is an outdated concept. This will require a large number of laborers. The person comes from the electricity board to the consumer’s house for taking the readings from the energy meter and then, has to calculate the amount of energy consumption. This process is time-consuming and is a waste of manpower and will cause a lot of errors. A solution is, to implement a smart energy meter that will monitor energy consumption in terms of unit cost on an hourly and daily basis, to reduce human errors, physical labor,s and to improve the efficiency of the system. The proposed system will solve all the problems which are in existing energy meters. The proposed work calculates the energy consumption and sends the data to the consumer’s mobile via the global system for mobile communication (GSM) module, and the Bluetooth module HC-05 will also give them information on Android application, only when the Bluetooth is in the range of 100 meters from the smart meter. Both of these modules are connected to the ARM Cortex Board (AT91SAM3X8E). It has low power consumption and lower cost. The smart energy meter will also have a display unit that will show the real-time running data and consumed unit. When there is no supply from Maharashtra State Electricity Board (MSEB), then the smart meter will automatically switch to the inverter or battery backup through the relay. The proposed system is user friendly and has better efficiency than the existing energy meter.

Transmission Congestion Management in Restructured Power System Using Fuzzy Method

Abstract: Restructuring in electric power system has led to major usage of the transmission system and to make new transmission lines it is very difficult and impossible. In this situation, it is necessary for the system operators to control power flows in lines so that the existing transmission network can be operated in the most safe state. However, power system restructuring is found to be associated with a concept called transmission congestion. Therefore it is necessary to solve this issue. This paper looks for relieving line congestion by using fuzzy technique or method to determine the optimal location of series Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) device like thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) in a 5-bus system.

Protecting smart home Environment using machine learning Algorithm Based on Internet of Things

Abstract: In today's information technology-driven society, automation systems make people's lives easier and comfortable than ever before. We call the proposed system IoT-Home Advanced Security System or internet of things (IoT) -Home Advance Security (HAS) for short. IoT-Home Advance Security System was established using Python 3 and can be executed in two modes of operation. The in-line mode allows the IoT-Home Advance Security System to be installed in-line with the traffic inside a Raspberry Pi or a Router. In the in-line mode, IoT-HAS System acts as an IPS that can detect and block threats as well as alert the user. The second mode is the passive mode, where IoT-HAS System in not connected in-line with the traffic and can act as an IDS that passively monitors the traffic, detecting threats and alerting the user, but not blocking the attack. IoT-HAS System was evaluated via four testing scenarios.

InMo: IoT based Industrial Safety and Monitoring System

Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) is a quickly expanding innovation sector. The Internet of things is an arrangement of interrelated figuring gadgets, mechanical and superior machines which can be supplied with one in all a kind identifiers and the ability to move data over a device without looking forward to human-to-human or human-to-PC cooperation This paper centers around building up a framework which will consequently screen the modern applications and produce cautions/alerts and show reports utilizing information got with the help of IoT. This framework utilizes Raspberry Pi 3 Model B and sensors for different parameters, for example, temperature, mugginess, smoke, and fire. Different alarms would be sounded depending on the type of situation. A beeping alarm will be raised which will have a unique number of beeps for different types of alarms. Also SMS/email alerts will be sent to the concerned people in any crisis circumstance which contains gathered qualities from the sensor. The person monitoring the system will have a complete view and control of all the sensors. The workers of the industry will be shown an evacuation plan to exit the premises safely in case of an emergency.

A Review Paper on Health Alert Wristband using VoIP Calls

Abstract: The majority of the senior residents are regularly disregarded and are powerless in the midst of health related crises. The current frameworks can help in keeping track of the condition yet don't have an automated alerting framework which can alert the concerned clinical specialists over long distances. Likewise, they are wired which can meddle with the patient's movements. Wearable and wireless gadgets are present in the market yet again their major drawbacks are being significantly expensive and an absence of automated alerting framework. The gadgets that have both wellbeing checking and alerting frameworks are simply exorbitant for the ordinary people. To deal with this issue, we have thought of a prospective Health Alert System. The framework comprises of a heartbeat sensor which will continuously monitor the pulse of the user. If the pulse rate deviates from the normal range, it will be detected by the Node MCU. In order to avoid a false alarm for healthcare services, the Node MCU will send an alert to the user using a buzzer in order to get confirmation from the user. The user will respond using the user input buttons and the system will act accordingly. The location will be fetched from the GPS sensor and healthcare services and relatives would be alerted about the user’s condition and his location using VoIP Calls.

Internet of Things-Based Monitoring and Mapping of Absentee Visualization on the Shop-Floor

Abstract: In all the companies, attendance of the employee is taken after the employee enters the factory through their signature or biometrics which would consume a lot of time. The main objective is if the attendance of the operators is taken even before they enter the premises, the supervisor gets to know if a particular employee is absent. This can be done by virtually connecting the finger-print sensor output to the cloud and so that the supervisor can access the cloud and get the information of the operators who have boarded the buses. The R-307 fingerprint sensor is used as the main input. The Raspberry Pi will process the data and the global system for mobile communication (GSM) will send the text message to the respective supervisors. The finger-print sensor can determine the finger-print stored in the database with an average response time of 0.8 seconds.

Silent Boundary Scheme and Analysis of Existing Methods of providing Silent Boundary

Abstract: For dynamic analysis, it is required to provide viscous boundaries in PLAXIS to reduce the boundary effects and to prevent the reflection of waves from boundaries. So, a study has been carried out to compare the various methods of providing silent boundaries and to see the effectiveness of viscous boundaries used in PLAXIS. In this work, three methods of providing silent boundaries, which are viscous boundaries, local damping, and extended boundary, are analyzed using a 2D finite element program in FORTRAN by considering the simple problem of a two-dimensional vertical bar. Parameters, such as, normal stress at the bottom, vertical displacement at the top, potential energy, kinetic energy, strain energy, and total energy of bar are determined with and without using the above three methods of providing silent boundaries. Results are compared using graphs. It was observed that standard viscous boundaries are not much effective for static analysis but most effective for dynamic analysis.

An Approach for Image Enhancement using Soft Computing (IESC): A State-of-the-Art Review

Abstract: Nowadays image enhancement plays is a most dominant and laborious technique in research of image processing. The principal of enhancement is to boost the visualization or vision application of an image. Image Enhancement (IE) is the extraction a better quality of an image or a video. The enhanced image can be used in many application such as biomedical, medical and defense. Image enhancement uses either as color, black and white. The image enhancement is used for upgrade the superior class of an image f a specific application. Freshly much work is fulfilled in this field. This paper is presenting a workflow for image enhancement using soft computing using optimization techniques. In this paper, we present an overview of image enhancement techniques, histogram techniques, optimization techniques and soft computing techniques with the help of their existing techniques with their scope and develop a new approach for future research with the help of image enhancement framework.

Parametric Linear Subspace Method for Face Recognition and Pose Estimation

Abstract: A robust face recognition system is described in this paper which is insensitive to human head pose. The combination of Gabor Wavelet Network (GWN) and Parametric Linear Subspace (PLS) method is used for effective and efficient face recognition process. Multiple feature extraction is done and various steps of pose estimation carried out using new algorithms. In this work, the complete algorithm has been carried out in various stages. Initially, source images are applied and flag is set. In the next step, image is converted to gray scale image and the given image's extension is converted into portable gray map. calculate the analysis mapping that is estimate the pose of head from given image, given image is compared with the database, decision is made according to the matched or unmatched templates, above steps are repeated until matching of last database template.