Showing papers in "Schizophrenia Research in 1992"

TL;DR: An Interview for the Retrospective Assessment of the Onset of Schizophrenia (IRAOS) allows an objective, reliable, and valid assessment of the symptoms, psychological impairments, demographic and social characteristics as well as the referring points in time of the early course of psychosis.

TL;DR: It is likely that smoking behavior in schizophrenia may be a complex process, related to numerous interrelationships between the psychopathological, biochemical, and neuropharmacological aspects of smoking and of schizophrenia.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the consistent reduction in number of neurons in the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus are not secondary to prolonged treatment with neuroleptic drugs and that asymmetry in this specific brain region is not a feature of the schizophrenia-afflicted brain.

TL;DR: Men were more severely impaired in ratings of negative symptoms, while positive symptoms were not significantly different, and there were also differences in premorbid and current functioning, with women manifesting better social functioning than men.

TL;DR: The data suggest that the development or recurrence of acute psychosis in the context of cannabis use may be associated with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia.

TL;DR: There is sufficient evidence for the negative association between the two disorders to justify further research and methodologic weaknesses in studies are assessed.

TL;DR: Sylvan fissure asymmetry was more reduced in male schizophrenics than in female patients, consistent with several post-mortem and MRI studies showing left temporal lobe pathology in a significant proportion of patients, and may indicate that schizophrenia is a disorder of early neurodevelopment causing impaired cerebral lateralization.

TL;DR: Water-suppressed 1H magnetic resonance spectra were recorded from two brain regions of psychiatric patients and normal volunteers, finding that bipolar patients being treated with lithium had elevated NAA/PCr-Cr in the basal ganglia region when compared to normals.

TL;DR: Findings of pre-frontal structural and functional deficits associated with schizotypal personality provide some initial converging support for a pre- frontal explanation of individual differences in schizotypesal personality in the general population.

TL;DR: Some available evidence in the literature supports the hypothesis of an antineoplastic effect of neuroleptics as an explanation for the low occurrence of cancer in schizophrenic patients.

TL;DR: The equal-to-normal priming for schizophrenic subjects indicates that the basic structure of the semantic network, including associations among related concepts, is intact in schizophrenia, and that spreading activation also occurs normally.

TL;DR: This finding suggests that the difficulty to shift a cognitive set, reflected by the frequency of perseverative responses, is in favor of the WCST as a vulnerability marker for schizophrenia, whereas non-perseverative responses presumably indicate a state, but not a trait marker of the disease.

TL;DR: Eye velocity preceding saccades was significantly lower among the schizophrenic patients, but pre or post saccadic position error did not differ among the three groups, andrete analysis of the fine structure of visual pursuit tracking may lead to a better understanding of eye movement abnormalities in schizophrenia.

TL;DR: Multidimensional scaling, augmented by cluster analysis, was applied to the full item set of Andreason's positive and negative symptoms scales and showed clearly that there are three major, independent groups of symptoms: Hallucinations/Delusions, Positive Thought Disorder and Negative Symptoms.

TL;DR: It is confirmed that women with schizophrenia are at increased risk of acquiring a criminal record, but the effect in men is for violent convictions only, and the strongest associations of criminal conviction remain those recognized in non-schizophrenic subjects.

TL;DR: A multivariate approach incorporating both biological and psychosocial factors was used in a cross-sectional study of schizophrenic inpatients and outpatients selected to represent opposite ends of the outcome spectrum to understand the complex interactions between the diverse sets of social, clinical and neurobiological factors that determine long-term outcome in schizophrenia.

TL;DR: The results suggest that schizotypal personality disorder is associated with a continuum of neurocognitive vulnerability that increases as a function of family history of schizophrenia.

TL;DR: Repetitive behaviors were positively related to male gender, white race and total length of hospitalization, and interrater reliability for the repetitive behaviors was similar to that for the positive and negative symptoms.

TL;DR: MRI scans were used to examine the size and asymmetry of the planum temporale (PT) in schizophrenic patients and 12 strictly matched healthy volunteers to better analyse the role of laterality in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

TL;DR: Mortality was investigated in 356 DSM-IIIR schizophrenics admitted to a university psychiatric hospital over a 12-year period and found that schizophrenia had nearly a three-fold increase in overall mortality.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the National Adult Reading Test provides a reasonable estimate of pre-morbid ability in acutely ill, unmedicated schizophrenic patients, and within the sample with schizophrenia, NART estimated pre-Morbid IQ was significantly higher than currently measured intellectual abilities.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that deficits in the representation of social information provides a unique perspective for understanding the interpersonal dysfunctions of schizophrenia.

TL;DR: A functional relationship between disturbances in the melatonin rhythm especially and schizophrenia may be proposed, although the significance of this relationship remains to be elucidated.

TL;DR: Investigating relationships between neurobehavioral correlates of schizophrenia, clinical schizophrenia spectrum personality traits, and normal personality dimensions in the five-factor model of personality found significant associations with personality dimensions of the five factor model, particularly Openness to Experience and Neuroticism.

TL;DR: The hypothesis of an immunological abnormality in schizophrenia on the basis of the determination of IL-2 and IFNs serum levels failed to support.

TL;DR: The similarity in performance among the schizophrenic subtype groups refutes the theory of a paranoid/non-paranoid dimension at the initial level of automatic processing and provides evidence of intact automatic processing.

TL;DR: The total population of a community schizophrenia registry sample yielded information about the relative lifetime frequency of hallucinations in women and men, and auditory hallucinations were significantly more common in women.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between clinical ratings performed at the time of EEG recording and resting alpha power and coherence in 14 medication free schizophrenic patients and found that negative symptoms varied inversely with alpha power.

TL;DR: Gender differences in cognition were investigated in schizophrenic inpatients and outpatients using the Dementia Rating Scale, with results related to the atypically early age of onset of females relative to males.

TL;DR: Women were found to have a better outcome in schizophrenic patients followed up closely with respect to gender differences in sociodemographic and clinical variables at inclusion and follow-up, course of illness and outcome.