Showing papers in "The Counseling Psychologist in 1994"

Multicultural Training Reexamination, Operationalization, and Integration

Abstract: The Multicultural Program Development Pyramid is a five-tiered framework outlining stages of multicultural counseling training (MCT) program development. The pyramid is intended to serve as a guide to help program developers formulate their own unique MCT programs. The pyramid lays out a path of critical choice points in MCT development, beginning with the generation of an explicit philosophy of training and proceeding through the stages of identifying training objectives, selecting instructional strategies, choosing from among several proposed program designs, and evaluating the program. Use of the pyramid encourages the critical examination of a full range of choices at each stage. Implications of the pyramid for current MCT, the scientist-practitioner model, and the future of MCT research and development are discussed.

White Racial Identity Models A Critique and Alternative Proposal

Abstract: Existing models of White racial identity development (WRID) are challenged as being deficient in terms of: (a) being based on the oppression-adaptive models of minority identity development, (b) focusing primarily on attitudes toward racial/ethnic out-groups, not on White identity attitudes; and (c) depicting the process as developmental in nature. An alternative conceptualization, based on the construct of White racial consciousness, is presented as a more parsimonious explanation for the role of racially oriented attitudes. Three types of unachieved White racial consciousness (avoidant, dependent, and dissonant) are proposed along with four types of achieved White racial consciousness (dominative, conflictive, reactive, and integrative). Changes in attitudes characteristic of one type to those more representative of another are explained in terms of dissonance reduction. Information is provided regarding the availability of an assessment device designed to identify the types of White racial consciousness.

The Status of the Counseling Relationship An Empirical Review, Theoretical Implications, and Research Directions

Abstract: The quality of the counseling relationship has consistently been found to have the most significant impact on successful client outcome. Yet the definition and critical components of a quality counseling relationship remain in question. This article is a systematic review of studies of the counseling relationship intended to identify the present empirical understanding of this essential element of counseling. Using the multidimensional model proposed by Gelso & Carter, empirical support for the "real, " "unreal, " and "working alliance" elements of the relationship are summarized. Studies investigating the interactional nature of the counseling relationship are also reported. In addition, implications of a potential "paradigm" shift in thinking of the counseling relationship are discussed in regard to the development of theoretical models and future research agendas. In particular, the authors outline how the adoption of a social constructivist perspective would change the focus of the theoretical models ...

Research Self-Efficacy, the Research Training Environment, and Research Productivity among Graduate Students in Counseling Psychology

Abstract: The relationship between research self-efficacy, the research training environment, and research productivity was examined among a sample of 125 graduate students in counseling psychology. All participants completed a measure of self-efficacy in research, the Research Training Environment Scale, and a demographic questionnaire that included a measure of research productivity. Results revealed a positive relationship between research self-efficacy and the research training environment, and between self-efficacy and productivity. A significant relationship was not observed between the research training environment and productivity when the data were analyzed across all participants. Developmental differences between beginning versus advanced graduate students were examined, as were possible differences based on gender and ethnicity. Implications of the findings for training and research are discussed.

Wife Abuse and the Wife Abuser Review and Recommendations

Abstract: This article reviews the clinical, theoretical, and empirical literature on wife abuse and the wife abuser that suggests answers to the questions, Why does he do it? and What will stop him? The article begins with a discussion of relevant historical and contextual information. It provides an overview of the problem of domestic violence, presents prevalence data, and describes the evolution and current status of public and professional awareness and response. The review includes research studies and discursive papers that have viewed the wife abuser from sociopolitical as well as psychological perspectives. The author proposes an integrative model for understanding etiologic, dynamic, and intervention issues with this population. The article concludes with a discussion of clinical and research implications and recommendations.

Working with Children Providing a Framework for the Roles of Counseling Psychologists

Abstract: The general purpose of this article is to provide a review of potential roles that counseling psychologists can assume in meeting the needs of children. Conceptualized within the method of intervention dimension, roles will be examined relative to different childhood stressors whose impact is influenced by a child's developmental stage. Examples are provided to illustrate the function of various roles in different contexts. Special attention is given to the topic of divorce, a prevalent stressor that often has a significant intra- and interpersonal impact on the children it affects.

Counseling with Children An Opportunity for Tomorrow

Abstract: Counseling psychology and children, long thought to be mutually exclusive domains, in fact share complementary services and needs. In this article, historical and conceptual bases of counseling psychology are examined relative to their fit for work with children, from birth to 12 years of age. Attention is given to the mental health needs of today's children, and it is argued that counseling psychologists can make a legitimate contribution to the prevention and remediation of common problems that children encounter during the course of their development in a culturally diverse society.

The Practice of Vocational Assessment by Counseling Psychologists

Abstract: One thousand American Psychological Association members who identified counseling as their psychology specialty were surveyed about their vocational assessment practices; 637 or 64% returned usable questionnaires. Some of the primary findings were as follows: (a) 56% of the respondents were engaged in providing vocational assessment services and spent about 8% of their professional time doing so; (b) vocational assessment services were provided by a moderate to relatively frequent number of practitioners across most considered work settings; (c) respondents most frequently recommended that graduate students in counseling psychology be trained in the Strong Interest Inventory (SI!); and (d) regardless of work setting, respondents most frequently used the SII, Self-Directed Search, and Kuder Occupational Interest Survey in their vocational assessment practice. The implications of the findings are briefly discussed, with particular mention being made about (a) the continued relevance of vocational assessment...

Cultural Sensitivity and Cognitive Therapy in India

Abstract: An exploratory study was conducted to determine whether two groups of graduate students in India felt that the cognitive approach to therapy conflicted with their religious beliefs and cultural and family values. Although the results of the study indicated that most of the students surveyed felt that the cognitive approach to counseling conflicted with their values and beliefs, there was no common trend identified. The implications of the findings are discussed.

The Internship Application Process A Survey of Program Training Directors and Intern Candidates

Abstract: Although counseling psychology students are required to complete a one-year professional practice internship as part of their doctoral course work this research revealed that obtaining such an internship may not be an easy process. For example, 18 of 50 counseling psychology training directors reported that one or more of their students who were involved in the 1992-1993 internship application process failed to obtain a placement. Findings also indicated that the responding 189 intern candidates and 50 training directors had different perceptions about the process and the type of help provided by training directors. Descriptive information on intern candidates 'applications are discussed, and suggestions for modification of the internship selection process are made.

On Hope, Promise, and Possibility in Counseling Psychology or Some Simple, but Meaningful Observations about Our Specialty

Abstract: In this article, IO broad-based trends that seem to characterize counseling psychology are identified The trends focus on changes having occurred and occurring in (a) research and training, (b) special populations, (c) assessment, counseling, and counseling training and supervision, (d) vocational psychology, and (e) Division 17. Evidence supporting each trend is presented, and some brief discussion about the significance of these trends for our specialty's future is provided.

Future Training Requirements for Counseling Psychologists Competence with Children

Abstract: Rationale are provided for increasing opportunities for counseling psychology students to receive training in child counseling. Two models are proposed: (a) an exposure model, which would expand existing curricula to enhance students 'introduction to child counseling; and (b) a subspecialty model, which would provide more intense training through specialized course work and supervised practica with child clients. Both the exposure and the subspecialty models could have applications with other special populations.

Disability as Cultural Diversity: Counseling the Hearing Impaired

Abstract: In recent years, the field of counseling has begun to push for a greater awareness and broader definition of cultural diversity. However, although ethnic/racial and gender diversity has been addressed, clients who have disabilities continue to be an overlooked population. This article addresses the disability of hearing impairments, and extends cultural diversity to this disability as a means of improving our work with clients who are hearing impaired Criteria for understanding hearing impairments are given, and methods of communication are presented Misconceptions about the deaf and the hard of hearing are discussed, with an emphasis on the special characteristics of this population. Issues in counseling the hearing impaired are outlined, focusing on communication dificulties, psychological assessment, and treatment techniques. Finally, recommendations regarding research, training, and practice are given.

Supervision of Predoctoral Graduate Research: A Practice-Oriented Approach

Abstract: A practice-oriented approach to research supervision is described, which emphasizes the application of clinical thinking and practice-oriented methods to inquiry and involves a process of learning by doing. The research interests, orientation, and learning response of the students who have experienced this research practicum are reported. It is concluded that a research practicum of this nature can engage the interest of those counseling students who are practice oriented and prepare them for a contributing role in research relevant to practice.

Current Practices of Counseling Psychology Faculty in K-12 Schools A National Survey

Abstract: Given the debates about the identity and future of counseling psychology programs in colleges of education and given the growing national crisis in K-12 education, this study examined the involvement of counseling psychology faculty in school-related issues. Full-time faculty from APA-accredited counseling psychology programs were surveyed about the extent of their involvement in K-12-related teaching, research, service, policy, and program development. The results suggest a significant interest and involvement by many counseling psychology faculty. 7he results are discussed in terms of implications for the profession of counseling psychology.

Issues Related to Research with Children What Counseling Psychologists Need to Know

Abstract: Counseling psychology has traditionally neglected research and practice with children. This article focuses on ethical and practical issues in conducting research with child participants. Informed consent and assent, minimization of risk, and the use of deception are highlighted.

Sport Psychology Training in Counseling Psychology Programs: Is There Room at the Inn?.

Abstract: To find out how sport psychology training may fit within counseling psychology programs, we surveyed the 61 APA-accredited counseling psychology programs about this issue; 53 (86.9%) of the program directors responded to our survey questionnaire. The results indicated that (a) the majority of the counseling programs (66.7%) currently had students who were viewed as being interested in sport psychology, (b) counseling faculty were perceived to be receptive to their colleagues and graduate students having interests and pursuing research in sport psychology, and (c) most program directors (64.7%) thought the best sport psychology training could be provided through an interdisciplinary program of study. Training implications are presented.