Showing papers in "The Counseling Psychologist in 2009"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors established the constructs of calling and vocation within counseling psychology, with an eye toward stimulating research and providing useful practice applications, and explained how the constructs apply to the domain of human work, review empirical and theoretical work related to calling, and differentiate the terms from each other and related constructs.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to initiate an effort to establish the constructs calling and vocation within counseling psychology First, updated definitions of calling and vocation, developed with an eye toward stimulating research and providing useful practice applications, are proposed Next, the authors explain how the constructs apply to the domain of human work, review empirical and theoretical work related to calling and vocation and their role in human functioning, and differentiate the terms from each other and related constructs Finally, directions for basic and applied research on calling and vocation are suggested, and implications for career counseling practice are outlined
754 citations
TL;DR: A descriptive content analysis of 54 multicultural and diversity-related course syllabi drawn from counseling and counseling psychology programs accredited by the American Psychological Association and the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Programs is presented in this paper.
Abstract: This article presents the findings of a descriptive content analysis of 54 multicultural and diversity-related course syllabi drawn from counseling and counseling psychology programs accredited by the American Psychological Association and the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Programs. Results suggest that most courses adhere to the knowledge, awareness, and skills paradigm of multicultural competence. However, actual course content varies considerably. Whereas the findings identify social justice content as a growing presence in multicultural courses, there is a need to more clearly outline the fundamental points of distinction and overlap between multicultural competence and social justice advocacy in counselor and counseling psychology training.
237 citations
TL;DR: This article explored sociological, social psychological, and multicultural research to examine the causes of negative attitudes toward immigrants, and suggested how counseling psychologists can integrate an understanding of xenophobia into their clinical practice, training, research, and public policy advocacy.
Abstract: The current xenophobic cultural environment in the United States makes it imperative that psychologists understand the nature of xenophobia and recognize its consequences. This article explores sociological, social psychological, and multicultural research to examine the causes of negative attitudes toward immigrants. Xenophobia is presented as a concept descriptive of a socially observable phenomenon. Historical and contemporary expressions of xenophobia in the United States are examined and compared with cross-cultural scholarship on negative attitudes toward immigrants. Last, suggestions are provided for how counseling psychologists can integrate an understanding of xenophobia into their clinical practice, training, research, and public policy advocacy.
201 citations
TL;DR: This article investigated the cross-cultural construct validity of perfectionism using the Chinese translation of the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R) with 509 Chinese high school students from Hong Kong.
Abstract: This study investigates the cross-cultural construct validity of perfectionism using the Chinese translation of the Almost Perfect Scale—Revised (APS-R; Slaney, Mobley, Trippi, Ashby, & Johnson, 1996) with 509 Chinese high school students from Hong Kong The factor structure of the Chinese APS-R and correlations between the APS-R subscales and measures of Depression, Satisfaction with Life, and Loneliness are examined Participants are grouped into three clusters—adaptive and maladaptive perfectionists and nonperfectionists A comparison of group means revealed that adaptive perfectionists reported higher Satisfaction with Life scores and lower Depression scores than the other two groups This sample of Chinese students also reported higher Discrepancy scores compared to US students' scores in previous studies Similarities and differences in comparison to previous studies using US participants are examined Finally, the limitations of this study and implications for future research with Chinese parti
147 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a theoretical model that clarifies the relationship between collectivism and forgiveness and the importance of maintaining social harmony in collectivistic cultures is central to this relationship.
Abstract: Existing models of forgiveness and the strategies to promote forgiveness that draw from them are predominantly individualistic. As the United States becomes more diverse and counseling psychology becomes a more global field, counseling psychologists are increasingly likely to encounter clients who have a collectivistic worldview. The authors propose a theoretical model that clarifies the relationship between collectivism and forgiveness. The importance of maintaining social harmony in collectivistic cultures is central to this relationship. The model has two propositions. First, collectivistic for- giveness occurs within the broad context of social harmony, reconciliation, and relational repair. Second, collectivistic forgiveness is understood as pri- marily a decision to forgive but is motivated largely to promote and maintain group harmony rather than inner peace (as is more often the case in individ- ualistically motivated forgiveness). Finally, the authors suggest a research agenda to study collectivi...
138 citations
TL;DR: A small but reliable effect is found, showing that experience, whether educational or clinical, is positively associated with judgment accuracy, and indicates experienced counselors and clinicians acquire, in general, almost a 13% increase in their decision-making accuracy, regardless of other factors.
Abstract: Clinical and educational experience is one of the most commonly studied variables in clinical judgment research. Contrary to clinicians' perceptions, clinical judgment researchers have generally concluded that accuracy does not improve with increased education, training, or clinical experience. In this meta-analysis, the authors synthesized results from 75 clinical judgment studies where the experience of 4,607 clinicians was assessed in relation to the accuracy of their judgments about mental health (e.g., diagnosis, prognosis, treatment) and psychological issues (e.g., vocational, personality). The authors found a small but reliable effect, d = .12, showing that experience, whether educational or clinical, is positively associated with judgment accuracy. This small effect was robust across several tested moderator models, indicating experienced counselors and clinicians acquire, in general, almost a 13% increase in their decision-making accuracy, regardless of other factors. Results are discussed in lig...
131 citations
TL;DR: This article explored the perceptions and reactions of white faculty to classroom dialogues on race and found that difficult racial dialogues were characterized by intense emotions in both professors and their students, most notable anxiety that interfered with the ability to successfully facilitate a learning experience for participants.
Abstract: Using consensual qualitative research, the perceptions and reactions of White faculty to classroom dialogues on race were explored. Difficult racial dialogues were characterized by intense emotions in both professors and their students, most notable anxiety, that interfered with the ability to successfully facilitate a learning experience for participants. Among the major obstacles that interfered with teaching competence were fears of revealing personal biases and prejudices, losing classroom control, inability to understand or recognize the causes or dynamics of difficult dialogues, and lack of knowledge and skills to properly intervene. A number of potentially effective teaching strategies were identified: (a) acknowledging emotions and feelings, (b) self-disclosing personal challenges and fears, (c) actively engaging the classroom exchanges, and (d) creating a safe space for racial dialogues.
126 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the longitudinal impact of sociopolitical development on adult occupational attainment while controlling for academic performance, and found that the socio-political development influenced occupational expectations in 12th grade and had a longitudinal impact on adult occupation attainment among a nationally representative sample of poor youth of color.
Abstract: The formation of future occupational expectations is a critical career-development task for adolescents that has a significant impact on adult occupational attainment. However, sociopolitical barriers constrain the occupational expectations and attainment of poor youth of color. Extant research has suggested that sociopolitical development, the consciousness of and motivation to transform sociopolitical inequity, facilitates the negotiation of sociopolitical barriers that constrain career development. However, the longitudinal effect of sociopolitical development on occupational attainment is unclear. This study examines the longitudinal impact of sociopolitical development on adult occupational attainment while controlling for academic performance. The obtained structural model suggests that sociopolitical development influenced occupational expectations in 12th grade and had a longitudinal impact on adult occupational attainment among a nationally representative sample of poor youth of color. This model...
105 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared gender differences in directly reported and indirectly derived career preferences and tested the hypothesis that individuals' implicit preferences would show less gender-biased occupational choices than their directly elicited ones.
Abstract: The present study compared gender differences in directly reported and indirectly derived career preferences and tested the hypothesis that individuals' implicit preferences would show less gender-biased occupational choices than their directly elicited ones. Two hundred sixty-six visitors to a career-related Internet site were asked to (a) list 5 to 10 suitable occupations (the directly reported list) and (b) report their preferences in terms of 31 career-related aspects. The latter were used to produce a short list of promising occupational alternatives (the indirectly derived list), using the occupational database of an Internet-based career planning system. Each occupation in the database rated for sex dominance. The findings indicated that the sex dominance ratings of the occupations on the directly reported list accorded with the participants' gender for both men and women: Men's lists included mostly “masculine” occupations, whereas women's lists included mostly “feminine” occupations. This gender ...
99 citations
TL;DR: For example, this article found that social support would buffer the effects of stress on burnout and career choice satisfaction in counseling psychology doctoral students from 53 training programs throughout the United States.
Abstract: Counseling psychology doctoral students (N = 284) from 53 training programs throughout the United States anonymously completed online measures of burnout, career choice satisfaction, global stress, role conflict, social support (from family/friends, advisors, other students) and psychological sense of community (SOC) in the doctoral program. Two hierarchical multiple regressions were performed to test hypotheses that social support would buffer the effects of stress on burnout and career choice satisfaction. For burnout, neither social support nor SOC significantly moderated the effects of stress on burnout; however, global stress, advisor support, and SOC were significant predictors. For career choice satisfaction, SOC was a significant single predictor and moderated the effects of global stress. Under low stress, career choice satisfaction increased as SOC increased. Under high stress, these moderating effects seemed to disappear.
84 citations
TL;DR: The authors describes self-cultivation practices originating from the cultural traditions of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism, and delineates the therapeutic implications of the three states of self pursued by these three traditions: the relational self, the authentic self, and the non-self.
Abstract: This article describes self-cultivation practices originating from the cultural traditions of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. It delineates the therapeutic implications of the three states of self pursued by these three traditions: namely, the relational self , the authentic self, and the nonself. Several psychotherapy techniques derived from each of these traditions are discussed in the context of contemporary Confucian societies in East Asia and North America. The indigenous approach to understanding psychotherapies within a cultural context may contribute to the training program of multicultural counseling psychology.
TL;DR: The authors found that social self-efficacy in the English setting was significantly and positively related to English proficiency, length of residence in the United States, and unconditional self-regard and was negatively related to acculturation stress.
Abstract: This study indicates that the social self-efficacy of 203 Chinese and Taiwanese international students was significantly higher when they were asked to consider their interactions among fellow native language speakers than when they were asked to imagine themselves interacting in English-speaking settings. And in fact, the social self-efficacy of these students in native language settings was as high as the highest levels of social self-efficacy found in African American students in a previous sample of college students. Other findings show that social self-efficacy in the English setting was significantly and positively related to English proficiency, length of residence in the United States, and unconditional self-regard and was negatively related to acculturation stress. Regression analyses indicate that social self-efficacy in English settings and unconditional self-regard were related to acculturation stress, accounting for 38% of the variance in stress. Implications for the adjustment and counseling...
TL;DR: This paper explored the cultural mechanisms underlying the distress experience among Hong Kong and Mainland Chinese, Chinese Americans, and European Americans and examined the role of face concern in psychological distress through a series of studies in both college students and community samples.
Abstract: To explore the cultural mechanisms underlying the distress experience among Hong Kong and Mainland Chinese, Chinese Americans, and European Americans, this investigation examined the role of face concern in psychological distress through a series of studies in both college students and community samples. Face concern refers to one's concern over maintaining or enhancing one's social position and worth that are earned through the fulfillment of specific social roles. Study 1 confirmed the single-factor structure of face concern among Chinese Americans and European Americans. Face concern was significantly and positively related to distress above and beyond age, gender, and ethnicity. Study 2 deconstructed face concern into a two-factor model among Hong Kong Chinese and Mainland Chinese university students (self-face and other-face) with discriminant predictive power. In Study 3, the two-factor model of face concern was further supported in the community samples of Hong Kong Chinese and Mainland Chinese. Se...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a qualitative study of the perceptions and beliefs of 18 experienced counseling psychology educators and trainers about core values that distinguish the counseling psychology specialty and set it apart from other psychology specialty practice areas.
Abstract: The empirical literature and the author's professional experience over four decades have convinced him that concerning practice patterns and work settings there is little to distinguish counseling psychology from other psychological practice specialties. What is distinctive are certain core values that undergird and distinguish this specialty. First, a definition of “values” is presented, followed by a brief review of a limited number of studies that address the topic of values and counseling psychology. Next, the author describes a qualitative study of the perceptions and beliefs of 18 experienced counseling psychology educators and trainers about core values that distinguish the specialty and set it apart from other psychology specialty practice areas. The final section presents nine proposed core values, most of which are distinctive to counseling psychology, derived logically from the themes of the literature and the interviews with the counseling psychology educators as filtered through the author's ...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore aspects of suicide assessment potentially unique to Asian American college students and discuss possible ways to handle the process of breaking confidentiality that are more sensitive to Asian Americans needs.
Abstract: Scholars have based their understanding of college-student suicide in the United States largely on the study of European Americans, and therefore, its relevance to making culturally informed decisions with suicidal Asian American college students is unclear. This article explores aspects of suicide assessment potentially unique to Asian American college students and discusses possible ways to handle the process of breaking confidentiality that are more sensitive to Asian American needs. First, the authors briefly review issues of confidentiality, informed consent, and standards of care. Second, they examine several aspects of Asian American college students' experiences in the United States and of Asian cultural values. Specifically, the authors review acculturation and the experience of immigration, intergenerational relationships, collectivistic cultural values, the myth of the “model minority,” and perfectionism. Third, they offer culturally informed considerations for assessing suicidal risk and ways ...
TL;DR: In view of the limitations of mainstream Western psychology, the necessity of indigenous psychology for the development of global community psychology is discussed in the context of multiculturalism in this article, where four articles underlying a common theme were designed to discuss (a) various types of value conflicts between Confucian cultural heritage and Western individualism in an age of globalization; (b) the psychometric approach for measuring collectivistic conflict; (c) a counseling model of situational self-relation coordination for Chinese clients to handle interpersonal conflicts; and (d) psychotherapeutic implications of various self
Abstract: In view of the limitations of mainstream Western psychology, the necessity of indigenous psychology for the development of global community psychology is discussed in the context of multiculturalism. In addition to this general introduction, four articles underlying a common theme were designed to discuss (a) various types of value conflicts between Confucian cultural heritage and Western individualism in an age of globalization; (b) the psychometric approach for measuring collectivistic conflict; (c) a counseling model of situational self-relation coordination for Chinese clients to handle interpersonal conflicts; and (d) the psychotherapeutic implications of various self-cultivation practices originating from the cultural traditions of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. The articles in this special issue may contribute to the development of indigenous counseling practice in multicultural Chinese communities.
TL;DR: In this paper, the need to develop an indigenous counseling psychology in Chinese communities in Asia is discussed, and the cross-cultural limitations and applications of counseling psychology are discussed, using the literature on multicultural counseling and competence as illustrations.
Abstract: This article examines the need to develop an indigenous counseling psychology in Chinese communities in Asia. The cross-cultural limitations and applications of counseling psychology are discussed, using the literature on multicultural counseling and competence as illustrations. The authors elaborate on the scope and nature of indigenous counseling psychology and discuss how indigenization of counseling psychology could be carried out in Chinese communities in Asia at the local, national, and application levels. Meanwhile, several multicultural themes in Chinese communities in Asia were identified as possible focus of indigenous research and practice efforts.
TL;DR: In this paper, a phenomenological study examined the meanings that students construct about academic motivation while participating in a dropout prevention program that primarily uses counseling and found that the importance of relationships in nurturing such motivation revealed the essence of academic motivation.
Abstract: School dropout is a problem that has distressing personal and societal consequences. Not surprising, students who drop out are typically not academically motivated. This phenomenological study examined the meanings that students construct about academic motivation while participating in a dropout prevention program that primarily uses counseling. Twenty interviews were conducted and transcribed. Six themes emerged from 172 significant statements and corresponding meaning units: self-efficacy, purpose of school, family influences, relationships at school, counselor influence, and school structures and activities. Findings revealed the essence of academic motivation—namely, the importance of relationships in nurturing such motivation. Implications highlight caring relationships as a key factor, fostered through dropout prevention programs that use counseling. Additional implications include the use of career interventions to construct future orientations, the influence of family, and the need for assistance...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine key aspects of adolescents' context (the school and parents) and their potential influence on the sociopolitical development of poor adolescents of color, finding that parental support and student racial relations are predictive of socio-political development.
Abstract: Sociopolitical development represents a motivation to reduce sociopolitical inequity, a healthy sense of the self, and perceived agency in the context of structural oppression. Sociopolitical development has been associated with progress in career development, school engagement, and healthier sexual behavior among oppressed and marginalized adolescents. However, knowledge of outcomes that sociopolitical development may facilitate has outpaced knowledge of what may facilitate sociopolitical development. This paper examines key aspects of adolescents' context—the school and parents—and their potential influence on the sociopolitical development of poor adolescents of color. This research question is examined with 2,078 National Educational Longitudinal Survey participants. The obtained structural equation model suggests that parental support and student racial relations are predictive of sociopolitical development. These results provide empirical support for extant sociopolitical development models and illu...
TL;DR: In this paper, a self-relation coordination counseling model for contemporary Taiwanese clients is proposed, which is based on an analysis of the interpersonal disturbances of people suffering from conflict resulting from the coexistence of a Confucian cultural heritage and Western values.
Abstract: This article proposes a self-relation coordination counseling model for contemporary Taiwanese clients. The model is based on an analysis of the interpersonal disturbances of people suffering from conflict resulting from the coexistence of a Confucian cultural heritage and Western values. The goal of the proposed model is to help clients experiencing conflict between personal interests and social harmony to develop a balanced psychosocial homeostasis by coordinating the self and related others. Major counseling tasks and methods are delineated and discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the historic unwillingness of the field to address values in a sophisticated or complex way and highlight the increasingly common training scenario in which trainees state that certain professional requirements are in conflict with their personal values.
Abstract: The authors articulate the need for a Counseling Psychology Model Training Values Statement Addressing Diversity (henceforth “Values Statement”) They discuss the historic unwillingness of the field to address values in a sophisticated or complex way and highlight the increasingly common training scenario in which trainees state that certain professional requirements are in conflict with their personal values The authors explain that the Values Statement grew out of trainers' expressed need for guidance in dealing with these complex and often emotionally charged value clashes in training They explain how the Values Statement can assist training programs to (a) clearly articulate the profession's diversity-related values, (b) connect individual and professional values to societal value structures that either reinforce or challenge systems of oppression, and (c) help students to develop the philosophical sophistication to reconcile their personal values and the profession's values Overall, the authors ex
TL;DR: In this paper, two principles guiding the use of the Counseling Psychology Model Training Values Statement Addressing Diversity (henceforth referred to as the “values statement”) are discussed.
Abstract: This article provides a brief overview of this Major Contribution. In addition to previewing the articles contained in this Major Contribution, two principles guiding the use of the Counseling Psychology Model Training Values Statement Addressing Diversity (henceforth referred to as the “Values Statement”) are discussed. In addition, the authors present a concise summary of the development of the Values Statement, including a description of how feedback received influenced the final product. The authors conclude by articulating their hope that this Major Contribution will move the field forward in terms of more directly discussing, and perhaps even resolving, the long-standing dilemma of resolving value clashes.
TL;DR: In this article, a qualitative study of how low-income women who are struggling with symptoms of depression experience feminist relational advocacy, a new model that is informed by feminist, multicultural, and community psychology theories.
Abstract: This article describes a qualitative study of how low-income women who are struggling with symptoms of depression experience feminist relational advocacy, a new model that is informed by feminist, multicultural, and community psychology theories. Using qualitative content analysis of participant interviews, the authors describe the processes and outcomes of feminist relational advocacy from participants' perspectives; they also consider how emergent themes fit with principles of the model, including the importance of women's narratives, the inseparability of emotional and practical support, the centrality of the advocacy relationship, and oppression as a source of emotional distress. The article concludes with a discussion of the practice and research implications of the study, highlighting the possibilities of feminist relational advocacy as a new tool for counseling psychologists and the lessons for advocacy models in general.
TL;DR: The authors describe the needs of service members and their families who have fought or are fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan and who have sustained psychological and/or physical injuries and how counseling psychologists can help.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to describe the needs of service members and their families who have fought or are fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan and who have sustained psychological and/or physical injuries and how counseling psychologists can help. The focus is twofold: (a) to help the reader better understand those who have served and how what counseling psychologists have to offer may be especially unique and valuable and (b) to describe several programs consistent with the traditions of counseling psychology that those at the Life Skills Center have developed. One program, F.R.E.E. 4 Vets, will be described in some detail.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined current models and issues related to psychotherapy supervision, including ethical and legal issues, problems of interpersonal competence, and multicultural issues, and their implications for the field of counseling psychology.
Abstract: Current models and issues related to psychotherapy supervision are examined. These include ethical and legal issues, problems of interpersonal competence, and multicultural issues. As a part of this analysis, interviews about supervision with five prominent counseling psychologists are included to provide their perspectives. Implications for the field of counseling psychology are described, and a series of recommendations is presented.
TL;DR: The authors explored Korean supervisors' experiences in supervision to better understand the current status of supervision practice in Korea and found that Korean clinical supervisors in mental health view teaching and explorations of supervisees' personal issues as the main activities of supervision.
Abstract: The demand for mental health services in Korea is increasing, and a corresponding rise in the number of trainees in counseling psychology results in a need for effective supervision. Using a grounded theory approach, this study explored Korean supervisors’ experiences in supervision to better understand the current status of supervision practice in Korea. A model emerging from the data suggests that Korean clinical supervisors in mental health view teaching and explorations of supervisees’ personal issues as the main activities of supervision. Both the method of supervision and the structure of supervision affected the way that supervisors’ theoretical orientations and supervisees’ developmental levels influenced the focus of supervisors’ teaching and explorations of supervisees’ personal issues. To compensate for lack of formal training in supervision, participants in this study engaged in self-development activities. The results of this study are discussed in the context of Korean cultural characteristi...
TL;DR: The Integrative Training Model (ITM) as discussed by the authors is a framework for students and professionals to incorporate the complex array of information contained in each set of guidelines, as well as pedagogical considerations for both students and current professionals.
Abstract: The authors present the findings of a special task group (STG) organized to explore effective training strategies for the practice guidelines focused on diverse populations. They provide a brief literature review and summarize survey data from academic training directors regarding current use of practice guidelines. The authors then describe the Integrative Training Model (ITM), developed by the STG, as a framework for students and professionals to incorporate the complex array of information contained in each set of guidelines. Unique challenges associated with incorporating the ITM are described, as well as pedagogical considerations for both students and current professionals. The authors believe the ITM may help students and professionals increase their diversity competence by developing a more holistic understanding of the various dimensions and social group experiences that affect their clients and themselves.
TL;DR: In this article, a review of research instruments indicated that a cultural conflict approach is often used when assessing the personality and psychological functioning of Chinese people within and outside the United States, and the concept of collectivistic conflict was proposed to conceptualize the psychological adaptation and counseling concerns of the Chinese.
Abstract: Rapid Westernization and modernization in most Chinese societies has triggered a process of acculturation to Western value orientations, which induced conflicts between Confucian-based collectivism and Western individualism at both the societal and individual levels. A review of research instruments indicated that a cultural conflict approach is often used when assessing the personality and psychological functioning of Chinese people within and outside the United States. In spite of the receptiveness toward Western influences, family and collectivistic orientation are Confucian virtues and remain dominant values that govern the interpersonal and normative relationships in Chinese societies. Within this cultural conflict context, the concept of collectivistic conflict is proposed to conceptualize the psychological adaptation and counseling concerns of the Chinese. The development of a compromising self and the reintegration of the indigenous coping mechanism of self-cultivation (i.e., striving to be a cult...
TL;DR: This paper examined the relationship between multicultural events in group supervision, group climate, and supervisee multicultural competence using a mixed qualitative/quantitative design and found that increased multicultural learning and extra-group multicultural events positively related to supervisees' multicultural competence whereas multicultural conflicts with supervisors, misapplication of multicultural theory, and the absence of multicultural events negative.
Abstract: This study examines the relationship between multicultural events in group supervision, group climate, and supervisee multicultural competence using a mixed qualitative/quantitative design. The discovery-oriented approach yielded 196 helpful and hindering multicultural events among 136 participants. The most common events included multicultural learning and peer vicarious learning. Supervisees suggested improving their group supervision through better integration of multicultural issues and more supervisor involvement. Regarding group climate, supervisees reporting peer vicarious learning or multicultural learning experienced higher group engagement, whereas misapplications of multicultural theory related to higher reports of group conflict. Increased multicultural learning and extra-group multicultural events positively related to supervisees' multicultural competence whereas multicultural conflicts with supervisors, misapplication of multicultural theory, and the absence of multicultural events negative...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors operationalize the values outlined in The Counseling Psychology Model Training Values Statement Addressing Diversity by identifying virtues and dispositions for trainees and trainers in academic programs.
Abstract: In this article, we operationalize the values outlined in The Counseling Psychology Model Training Values Statement Addressing Diversity (henceforth the “Values Statement”) by identifying virtues and dispositions for trainees and trainers in academic programs. We describe specific strategies that program faculty may use to help instill these virtues and dispositions within their academic communities. Specifically, we provide specific recommendations for infusing diversity virtues and dispositions throughout all aspects of the academic program. We also provide suggestions regarding the assessment of virtues and dispositions. We then provide a case example of how these strategies might be implemented when trainees' personal values come in direct conflict with the values stated in the Values Statement.