Showing papers in "The Philosophical Quarterly in 1991"
395 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Berlin argues that what he calls 'the great goods' of human aspiration do not cohere and never can Pluralism and variety of thought are not avoidable compromises, but the glory of civilisation In an age of increasing ideological fundamentalism and intolerance, we need to listen to Berlin more carefully than ever before.
Abstract: Isaiah Berlin is regarded by many as one of the greatest historians of ideas of his time In The Crooked Timber of Humanity, he argues passionately, eloquently, and subtly, that what he calls 'the Great Goods' of human aspiration - liberty, justice, equality - do not cohere and never can Pluralism and variety of thought are not avoidable compromises, but the glory of civilisation In an age of increasing ideological fundamentalism and intolerance we need to listen to Isaiah Berlin more carefully than ever before
226 citations
TL;DR: The metaphysics of morals as discussed by the authors is an introduction to a doctrine of morals for all human beings regardless of different religions, and it is the basis of our own metaphysic of faith.
Abstract: Review of Schulz's Attempt at an introduction to a doctrine of morals for all human beings regardless of different religions -An answer to the question, what is enlightenment? -On the wrongfulness of unauthorized publication of books -Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals -Review of Gottlieb Hufeland's Essay on the principle of natural right -Kraus' review of Ulrich's Eleutheriology -Critique of practical reason -On the common saying, that may be correct in theory, but it is of no use in practice -Toward perpetual peace -The metaphysics of morals -On a supposed right to lie from philanthropy -On turning out books.
192 citations
TL;DR: The unity of the good, commensurability, and comparability, the doctrine of the mean, and the possibility of emotional and evaluative coherence are discussed in this paper.
Abstract: SECTION I: Plurality and choice Monism, pluralism, and conflict Conflict Maximization Ought and can Act and agent evaluations SECTION II: Akrasia: The unity of the good, commensurability, and comparability Courage, the doctrine of the mean, and the possibility of emotional and evaluative coherence Dirty hands and ordinary life Dirty hands and conflicts of value and desires in Aristotle's ethics Friendship and morality: some difficult relations Some problems with counter-examples in ethics
164 citations
127 citations
[...]
TL;DR: Decision making for incompetent elderly people is an increasingly serious issue for American society and the decision-making processes the authors choose will reflect choices among a number of ethical principles.
83 citations
62 citations
TL;DR: The authors argue that the appearance of parallelism is illusory, a fact which can be made evident by attention to the linguistic phenomenon of Abelardian predicates, which they call Abelardians.
Abstract: Evans's reasoning provides, in essence, a conclusive argument for the view that indeterminacy in identity statements must be regarded as due to semantic indeterminacy and not as due to indeterminacy in the world. But there are various reasons why some philosophers are reluctant to endorse this conclusion. In what follows I wish to consider one such reason, namely, the evident availability, if Evans's argument is accepted, of an apparently parallel argument against the possibility of contingent identity. I shall be arguing that the appearance of parallelism is illusory, a fact which can be made evident by attention to the linguistic phenomenon of (what I wish to call) Abelardian predicates.
53 citations
44 citations
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, Rowe discusses the problem of good and evil in the theistic hypothesis, and Wykstra argues that the existence of the theism is an obstacle to evidential arguments from suffering.
Abstract: J.L. Mackie: Evil and omnipotence Nelson Pike: Hume on evil Roderick M. Chisholm: The defeat of good and evil Terence Penelhum: Divine goodness and the problem of evil Alvin Plantinga: God, evil, and the metaphysics of freedom Robert Merrihew Adams: Middle knowledge and the problem of evil William L. Rowe: the problem of evil and some varieties of Atheism Stephen J. Wykstra: The Humean obstacle to evidential arguments from suffering: On avoiding the evils of 'appearance' William J. Rowe: Evil and the theistic hypothesis: a response to Wykstra John Hick: Soul-making and suffering Diogenes Allen: Natural evil and the love of God Marilyn McCord Adams: Horrendous evils and the goodness of God.
TL;DR: For instance, this paper argued that a logical analysis of ordinary language that eliminates tensed discourse, supported an ontological analysis of time that rejects transient temporal properties, and argued that since no tenseless translations were successful, temporal becoming in some form or another (for example, acquiring and shedding of transitory temporal properties or as the moving NOW), is necessary in any adequate account of time.
Abstract: As we ordinarily think and talk about time it is a truism that time passes. Dates, like the events that occur at those dates, are once in the future, then become present, and then recede into the more and more distant past with the passage of time. To think of time as passing, and events as changing with respect to the characteristics of pastness, presentness and futurity, is to conceive of the transient aspect of time or temporal becoming. One central issue in the philosophy of time concerns the metaphysical nature of temporal becoming. Do events exemplify the non-relational properties of pastness, presentness and futurity, as the tensed theory maintains, or are they intrinsically tenseless exemplifying only the unchanging relations of simultaneity, earlier and later, as the tenseless view believes? Although the issue is metaphysical the dispute between the tensed and the tenseless views has, until quite recently, centred around temporal language. Defenders of the tenseless view have often argued that since tensed discourse could be eliminated or translated without loss of meaning into tenseless discourse, an adequate account of the nature of time need not countenance any special kind of tensed fact or tensed properties. In other words, the old tenseless theory of time assumed that a logical analysis of ordinary language that eliminates tensed discourse, supported an ontological analysis of time that rejects transient temporal properties. The tenser shared that assumption, but argued that since no tenseless translations were successful, temporal becoming in some form or another (for example, as the acquiring and shedding of transitory temporal properties, or as the moving NOW), is necessary in any adequate account of time. Tensers claim, in other words, that because tensed discourse is ineliminable, the detenser is mistaken and tensed properties and facts must exist. For a variety of reasons, some having to do with arguments in the philosophy of time and some having to do with arguments in the philosophy of language, recent defenders of the tenseless view have come to embrace the thesis that tensed sentences cannot be translated by tenseless
TL;DR: A. H. ARMSTRONG as discussed by the authors argued that two are to become one: mysticism and monism, and the two-fold truth is the twofold truth of faith and goodness.
Abstract: Foreword GODFREY VESEY Reason in mystery NORMAN KRETZMANN Logos and Trinity: patterns of Platonist influence on early Christianity JOHN DILLON The philosophy in Christianity: Arius and Athanasius MAURICE WILES Could God become Man? RICHARD SWINBURNE Augustine's philosophy of being CHRISTOPHER STEAD Predestination and freedom in Augustine's ethics GERALD O'DALY God as creator KEITH WARD Foreknowledge and the vulnerability of God I. R. LUCAS On not knowing too much about God A. H. ARMSTRONG Where two are to become one: mysticism and monism GRACE JANTZEN Faith and goodness ELEONORE STUMP Hope STEWART SUTHERLAND Christian averroism, fideism, and the "two-fold truth" STUART BROWN Does philosophy 'leave everything as it is'? Even theology RENFORD BAMBROUGH.
[...]
TL;DR: Analyse de la notion d'attitude esthetique visant a mettre en evidence le role central joue par les croyances propositionnelles and l'experience personnelle dans l'appreciation de l'art as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Analyse de la notion d'attitude esthetique visant a mettre en evidence le role central joue par les croyances propositionnelles et l'experience personnelle dans l'appreciation de l'art
TL;DR: The Constructibility Theory: The Problem of Existence in Mathematics The Constructibility Quantifiers Constructibility and Open-Sentences The Deductive System Cardinality and Number Theory Measurable Quantities and Analysis as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: PART I: THE CONSTRUCTIBILITY THEORY: The Problem of Existence in Mathematics The Constructibility Quantifiers Constructibility and Open-Sentences The Deductive System Cardinality and Number Theory Measurable Quantities and Analysis. PART II: PHILOSOPHICAL DEVELOPMENTS: Mathematical Structuralism Science Without Numbers Why Burgess is a Moderate Realist Maddy's Solution to the Problem of Reference Kitcher's Ideal Agents Deflationism and Mathematical Truth. Appendix Field's Nominalistic Logical Theory.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the debate about mental illness and the conventional view on mental health, as well as the use of value terms such as illness and disease as medical value terms.
Abstract: Preface Analytical list of contents Acknowledgements Part I. Introduction: 1. The debate about mental illness Part II. Illness and Disease as Value Terms: 2. The conventional view 3. Dysfunction 4. Disease 5. Illness Part III. Illness and Disease as Medical Value Terms: 6. Dysfunction and function 7. Illness and action 8. Mental illness Part IV. Practical Applications: 9. Diagnosis 10. Treatment 11. Primary health care Part V. Conclusion: 12. Overview and future developments Appendix Bibliography Index.
TL;DR: In this paper, Arrington, Gordon P. Baker, Stewart Candlish, John V. Canfield, Hans-Johann Glock, S.M. Hunter, Andreas Kemmerling, Merrill Ring, Eike V. Savigny, Joachim Schulte.
Abstract: Contributors: Robert L. Arrington, Gordon P. Baker, Stewart Candlish, John V. Canfield, Hans-Johann Glock, S.Stephen Hilmy, John F.M. Hunter, Andreas Kemmerling, Merrill Ring, Eike V. Savigny, Joachim Schulte.