Showing papers in "Tourism & Management Studies in 2016"
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative analysis was carried out of customer ratings received by hotels located on Spain's coastal areas as well as Portugal's southern coast, and significant differences were found in the number of comments and the average online review rating score, which were related to the geographical location of each tourism destination.
Abstract: Hotel booking decisions are increasingly influenced by consumers’ feedback available on social media sites. Using data submitted by TripAdvisor users, this study provides four key contributions to knowledge. Firstly, a comparative analysis was carried out of customer ratings received by hotels located on Spain’s coastal areas as well as Portugal’s southern coast. Secondly, significant differences were found in the number of comments as well as the average online review rating score awarded, which were found to be related to the geographical location of each tourism destination. Thirdly, it is found that customers tend to rate their experiences in hotels positively. Fourthly, the level of overall customer satisfaction with a hotel tends to increase proportionately to the number of customer feedback comments posted for that hotel. As a result of this, one of the findings of this study is that hotels should encourage their customers to post comments on online customer review websites to balance out any negative feedback received.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored how hotels can use social media tools to transform the way they relate to customers and open a vast array of new possibilities, but their implementation implies also numerous challenges.
Abstract: The advent of Social Media tools has been one of the most relevant technological innovations in recent years and has strongly impacted the tourism industry. Despite the numerous benefits that Social Media can offer to hotels, transforming the way they relate to customers and opening a vast array of new possibilities, its implementation implies also numerous challenges. Considering that the use of Social Media is becoming increasingly popular, it seems to be critical to understand how hotels can use them strategically to reinvent customer relationships. This study explores the topic following a mixed methodology, combining both quantitative and qualitative data from a European sample of 312 hotels. Results suggest that review sites and social networks were the most used tools. The main advantages and disadvantages of its use were identified and widely discussed.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between real income and both national and international tourism volume for Portugal using time series data and used the Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality tests to search for a long run relationship along with causality among the variables.
Abstract: This study is designed to investigate the relationship between real income and both national and international tourism volume for Portugal. The study uses quarterly data and covers the period for 1995-2015. The stationary properties of the time series data are examined by using conventional and endogenous break unit root tests . The Johansen maximum likelihood cointegration and Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality tests are employed to search for a long-run relationship along with causality among the variables. The findings of the tests provide evidence for the existence of long-run cointegration relationship between arrivals at tourist accommodation establishments and real income. The causality results show that real income is caused by foreign tourist’s arrivals, and detect bilateral causality between domestic tourists and foreign tourists.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two groups of destination image attributes perceived in situ have been studied: "hard ware" and "human ware" attributes of a south Spain destination and a theoretical model is tested on a sample of tourists using structural equations modeling.
Abstract: This article has attempted to provide empirical evidence of the relationships between two groups of perceived destination image attributes, tourist satisfaction and tourist loyalty. In order to explore these relationships, two groups of destination image attributes perceived in situ have been studied: “hard ware” and “human ware” attributes of a south Spain destination. A theoretical model is tested on a sample of tourists using structural equations modeling. A positive relationship is detected between the variables. From a practical point of view, recommendations were made on the importance of destination image attributes such us “hard ware attributes” and “human ware attributes” that generate favorable word-of-mouth recommendations and revisit intentions.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a probabilistic neural network and a set of financial and non-financial variables were used to improve the ability of the existing bankruptcy prediction models in the hotel industry.
Abstract: Using a probabilistic neural network and a set of financial and non-financial variables, this study seeks to improve the ability of the existing bankruptcy prediction models in the hotel industry. Our aim is to construct a hotel bankruptcy prediction model that provides high accuracy, using information sufficiently distant from the bankruptcy situation, and which is able to determine the sensitivity of the explanatory variables. Based on a sample of Spanish hotels that went bankrupt between 2005 and 2012, empirical results indicate that using information nearer to bankruptcy (one and two years prior), the most relevant variable is EBITDA to Current Liabilities, but using information further from bankruptcy (three years prior), Return on Assets is the best predictor of bankruptcy.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated cruise passengers perceived value, satisfaction and willingness to recommend a cruise to someone, and found that perceived value and service quality aboard the ship were key determinants of the willingness of a cruise passenger to recommend it to someone.
Abstract: This paper evaluates cruise passengers perceived value, satisfaction and willingness to recommend a cruise to someone. Passengers aboard an underway ship cruising the Caribbean were surveyed. Regression analyses revealed that, not surprisingly, perceived value and service quality aboard the ship are key determinants of willingness to recommend a cruise to someone else. More interestingly, however, the quality of the food aboard the ship and the degree to which cruisers found the destinations to be relaxing were also significant indicators. Implications for future research and practical recommendations to cruise operators are discussed
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the real situation of the health tourism sector through a case study in a consolidated mature destination in Spain (Costa del Sol) and show how health tourism is a conceptual umbrella for several practices related to wellness and health travel.
Abstract: The objectives of this paper are to review the different concepts and approaches on health tourism, to propose a simplified framework and to present the real situation of the sector through a case study. Most of the previous studies have analysed different specific areas of this type of tourism, without providing a clear and integrated picture of it. Moreover, certain geographical areas, mostly Asian countries, have received most of the attention, leaving other more mature destination without empirical evidence about the development of this tourism sector. The methodology has been, firstly, to conduct a review of the main research on health tourism, integrating integrate the different concepts and approaches in order to propose a simplified framework. Secondly, to describe the result of a specific case study based on the analysis of sixty-nine businesses and ten in-depth interviews to managers in a consolidated mature destination in Spain (Costa del Sol). The conclusions of this paper are, firstly, to show how health tourism is a conceptual umbrella for several practices related to wellness and health travel, and, secondly, to provide evidence about the situation and practices related to this sector in a specific mature destination.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors surveyed 147 Spanish hotels to determine the extent to which they implemented internal and external drivers and cultural and technological enablers and the level of organisational learning attained.
Abstract: Organisational learning is instrumental to successful adaptation to today’s changing environment. Research on the subject referred to the hotel industry is scant, however. The present study surveyed 147 Spanish hotels to determine the extent to which they implemented internal and external drivers and cultural and technological enablers and the level of organisational learning attained. These hotels were also characterised by the contingency factors most relevant to the industry and, based on the results, grouped into four clearly distinct clusters. An analysis of the groupings confirmed statistically significant inter-cluster differences. The empirical evidence gathered suggests that while all the hotel establishments studied stressed organisational learning, individual features determined differences in how successfully it is implemented. The inter-cluster differences identified suggest that the valuation of organisational learning varies with hotel type and, therefore, different organisational learning strategies must be implemented to attain higher performance.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the specific factors that affect word of mouth in museums and found that tourists' self-portrait paintings have a positive effect on their satisfaction, affecting this positively the word-of-mouth about the museum.
Abstract: Word of mouth has become a relevant area of research in tourism activities in the last decades. However, the effects on this recommendation of tourists’ emotions is an underdeveloped area, particularly in cultural tourism. This tourism is the second most important segment in terms of numbers of tourist arrivals in countries with significant tourism, such as Spain. Taking stock of the recent advances in cultural tourism, this paper explores the specific factors that affect word of mouth in museums. As a novel approach, an experiment (painting a self-portrait) with 127 international visitors was conducted in a famous museum (Picasso Museum in Malaga, Spain). The participants painted themselves in a self-portrait. The results show that strengthening pleasure and activation of emotions in tourists when they are conducting cultural activities has a positive effect on their satisfaction, affecting this positively the word of mouth about the museum.
10 citations
TL;DR: The results of this study reveal that the users’ viewing patterns depend on the Travel 2.0 tool used, and the eye-tracking based attention measures differ slightly from measures of self-reported memory.
Abstract: The goal of this study is to analyze the type of navigation used with Travel 2.0 tools (travel blogs, profiles on social networks and online travel communities), as well as the advertising efficacy of a banner on said sites. In order to achieve these objectives, an experimental design with different eye metrics and a self-administered questionnaire that each subject must complete at the end of each test. The results of this study reveal the following: i) the users’ viewing patterns depend on the Travel 2.0 tool used, ii) the not existence of banner blindness in each Travel 2.0 tool, the age and experience affect to the visual attention and greater advertising efficacy was demonstrated in the case of Facebook and, finally, iii) the eye-tracking based attention measures differ slightly from measures of self-reported memory
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a survey was applied to 208 tourists at Chilean hotels to measure consumer attitude, perception and preference for hotels based on their sustainable practices, and three clusters were obtained: non-committed, influential and committed.
Abstract: Chile is one of the countries with higher GPB in Latin America and important sources of incomes and employment comes from tourism. Hotels are adopting sustainable practices but it is unknown whether customers value this. This research looks to measure consumer attitude, perception and preference for hotels based on their sustainable practices. A survey was applied to 208 guests at Chilean hotels. Correspondence and exploratory factor analysis was carried. Lack of knowledge about "Sustainability”, but Willingness to pay extra for Sustainable Hotels, indicate a higher level of commitment and care for environment. Three clusters were obtained: ‘non-Committed’, ‘Influenced’ and ‘Committed’.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the evolution and structure of scientific collaborative networks revealed by papers published in the Tourism & Management Studies journal over a five-year period, from 2011 to 2015, as well as represented these networks graphically.
Abstract: Present-day research is, in most cases, the outcome of collaborative research, as evidenced by the fact that most papers are authored by two or more researchers. This study’s general goal was to examine the evolution and structure of scientific collaborative networks revealed by papers published in the Tourism & Management Studies journal over a five-year period, from 2011 to 2015, as well as to represent these networks graphically. In this paper, we seek to offer a clear assessment of intra-institutional, inter-institutional and international collaborations and to identify primary author networks and the role of gender in their composition. To reach these goals, we used a combination of bibliometric analysis with social network analysis. The results demonstrate that geographic proximity and linguistic affinity play a substantial role in scientific collaboration between institutions. In fact, most papers result from collaborative research involving two or more authors from the same institution. A gender analysis of the universe of authors and co-authors and of the role of women in the composition of co-authorship networks demonstrated that most networks include women and that, in most networks, women have a leading position, which is consistent with their weight (51.3%) in the universe of authors. This is one of the first studies to demonstrate that women are taking the lead in tourism and management research.
TL;DR: In this article, seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) methodology was considered for making monthly predictions on tourist arrival in Singapore and the best model for forecasting is found out to be (1,0,1)(1,1-0) 12 and monthly forecasting were obtained for two years in future.
Abstract: This study attempts to forecast tourist inflow in South East Asia and choses Singapore as a case. For Singapore, tourism is one of the major sources of foreign exchange earnings since it has no natural resources to support its economy. Therefore, forecasting of tourist arrivals in the country becomes very important for the reason that the forecasting may help tourism related service industries (e.g. airlines, hotels, shopping malls, transporters and catering services, etc.) to plan and prepare their resources and activities in an optimal way. In this paper, seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) methodology was considered for making monthly predictions on tourist arrival in Singapore. The best model for forecasting is found out to be (1,0,1)(1,1,0) 12 and monthly forecasting were obtained for two years in future. Further, various statistical tests (e.g. Dickey Fuller, KPSS, HEGY, Ljung-Box, Box-Pierce etc.) were applied on the time series for adequacy of best model to fit, residual autocorrelation analysis and for the accuracy of the prediction.
TL;DR: An analysis will be carried out of the implementation of structured processes of Competitive Intelligence processes in hotels in the Costa del Sol - a valued beach holiday destination on a European level.
Abstract: The current organisational environment is characterised by rapid change. This means that if businesses want to survive, they must stay abreast of these changes so as to take the most appropriate and risk-minimizing decisions. This can only be done if the decision makers have access to Intelligent Information. To obtain this information, it is necessary to have structured processes of Competitive Intelligence in place. Large businesses have been doing this for years, and now more and more small and mediums business are doing it too. In this paper, an analysis will be carried out of the implementation of these Competitive Intelligence processes in hotels in the Costa del Sol - a valued beach holiday destination on a European level. Despite strong competition from other such destinations, the Costa de Sol attracts millions of sun-seeking holiday-makers, as well as more and more visitors from other tourism sectors, such as sport and culture.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the potential effect that variables such as familiarity, motivation and image have on the intention to visit a wellness tourism destination and the existence of different groups of tourists that may exist using a psychological criteria, in this case, motivations.
Abstract: In this article we analyze: a) the potential effect that variables such as familiarity, motivation and image have on the intention to visit a wellness tourism destination; b) the existence of different groups of tourists that may exist using a psychological criteria, in this case, motivations. For data gathering, a web questionnaire was sent to an existing entry list on a web platform. The analysis demonstrates the existence of groups of wellness tourists and shows the influence of the variables under study on the intention of visiting a wellness tourism destination. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the decision-making process and the factors that influence actual and potential tourists to conduct welfare activities and to choose certain destinations.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the theoretical development of an integrated model for the assessment and improvement of the quality of Internet Banking (IB) servi cation and service.
Abstract: This article focuses on the theoretical development of an integrated model for the assessment and improvement of the quality of Internet Banking (IB) servi...
TL;DR: In this paper, aplicou-se a analise de redes sociais (ARS) na rede de colaboracao do TBC da Prainha do Canto Verde (Ceara, Brazil).
Abstract: O turismo de base comunitaria (TBC) e o resultado de um processo de colaboracao intracomunitario baseado em relacoes interpessoais, no qual a rede social se apresenta como elemento que tem a capacidade de medir a extensao da colaboracao. O presente trabalho discute o TBC assumindo que o processo de gestao da atividade turistica supoe envolvimento em relacoes sociais. Para avaliar empiricamente a implicacao do padrao relacional na gestao turistica, aplicou-se a analise de redes sociais (ARS) na rede de colaboracao do TBC da Prainha do Canto Verde (Ceara, Brasil). O principal objetivo e contribuir com a reflexao teorico-metodologica sobre como os padroes relacionais dentro de uma comunidade podem lancar luz sobre a gestao participativa no turismo local, atendendo a complexidade que caracteriza as relacoes sociais e o sistema turistico. As conclusoes apontam para a pertinencia da abordagem de redes na analise dos processos e resultados do desenvolvimento turistico comunitario.
TL;DR: In this article, a review was conducted by accessing the databases Web of Knowledge, Web of Science (Social Sciences Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, Medline), and Science Direct by searching for articles published between 2000 and 2014, crossing the keywords "hospitality", "tourism", and "hotel" with the keywords professionals, employees, and workers.
Abstract: With the increase of studies on hospitality professionals over the last years, it is essential an assessment of these works. This review was conducted by accessing the databases Web of Knowledge, Web of Science (Social Sciences Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, Medline), and Science Direct. We searched for articles published between 2000 and 2014, crossing the keywords “hospitality”, “tourism”, and “hotel” with the keywords “professionals”, “employees”, and “workers”. Our goal was to collect and identify the most studied variables on hospitality employees. From this research resulted 3700 initial references, being selected 242. We verified that work satisfaction was studied in 51 articles and stress, burnout, and mental exhaustion in 31, and for that reason this review aggregates and analyses its’ results. This review has implications in the analysis of the roll of these variables in hospitality and tourism economic profitability, human resources management policies, and individual well-being.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the perception and sensitivity to risk of Portuguese "Excellence SME" and underline the benefits from risk management and investigate whether companies understand risk management as something positive and show maturity in the identification and treatment of risk.
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to analyze the perception and sensitivity to risk of Portuguese “Excellence SME” and underline the benefits from risk management. It also investigates whether companies understand risk management as something positive and show maturity in the identification and treatment of risk. The used method is quantitative and exploratory. A survey to Portuguese companies with the classification of excellence is made and a descriptive statistics analysis is initially carried out. At a later stage a factorial analysis of the principal components is performed. The results show four factors that are relevant in the business risk factor analysis, namely those related with operational, competitiveness, market and adaptation risks. Firms associate operational risk to internal features, whereas competitiveness risk is associated with differentiation conditions and competition, adaptation risk to their environment and market risk is associated with financial variables.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the opinion of three important stakeholders (employees, visitors and members of the local community) about the corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices of the theme park, Zoomarine Algarve.
Abstract: This study had a threefold purpose. First, it sought to examine the opinion of three important stakeholders – employees, visitors and members of the local community – about the corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices of the theme park, Zoomarine Algarve. Second, this study evaluated the perceptions of the public regarding the impact of the company’s activities on regional development and environmental awareness. Last, the study sought to understand if stakeholders’ opinions regarding this company’s engagement in CSR practices are related to the impacts attributed to Zoomarine Algarve’s regular functions. The methodology comprised quantitative research based on a survey administered to convenience samples of the target groups (n = 405). The results reveal that stakeholders have an extremely positive view of the theme park’s engagement in CSR practices and feel that it contributes significantly to regional development, as well as to raising the environmental awareness of visitors and local communities. The findings also show that perceptions of CSR engagement are positively related with perceived impacts.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a framework for the characterisation of hotel websites, focusing on the amount of information available to the consumer in each website, which was applied in a case study during the last months of 2013 to the websites of five-star hotels that operate in the tourist region of the Algarve, Portugal.
Abstract: Online presence is essential for tourism organisations, and the quality of websites can influence customers. In the case of hotels, there are many studies to evaluate website performance based on functionality, usability and other factors, much less on the amount of different information available to the consumer. In the near future by using Big Data it is expected that hotel websites will be dynamic, they will adapt themselves on-the-fly, showing personalized information to each consumer. Different consumers will have different websites (information’ available) from the same hotel. This paper presents a framework for the characterisation of hotel websites, focusing on the amount of information available to the consumer in each website, which was applied in a case study during the last months of 2013 to the websites of five-star hotels that operate in the tourist region of the Algarve, Portugal. The framework allowed to identify a set of exhaustive indicators for hotel website characterisation, which were then grouped into ten fundamental information dimensions. These dimensions further fell into four dimension groups. Finally, it is presented and discussed quantitative and qualitative evaluations, that illustrates which indicators and dimensions are more often considered on hotel websites to satisfy the consumer’s information needs.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the relationship between social capital and the creation and development of enterprises in rural tourism and found that in the cases studied the informal and formal networks owned by entrepreneurs are crucial in mobilizing financial and non-financial resources.
Abstract: This study aims to understand the relationship between social capital and the creation and development of enterprises in rural tourism. Through a case study research strategy, the study aims to understand the social networks used by entrepreneurs, resources accessed and important aspects related to the dimensions of social capital (in creation and development phases of the entrepreneurial projects). The results suggest that in the cases studied the informal and formal networks owned by entrepreneurs are crucial in mobilizing financial and non-financial resources, and in general, the informal network is crucial in mobilizing non-economic resources, and, in the Brazilian cases, also important in mobilizing financial resources. Regarding the structural dimension of social capital, it was possible to verify similarities in the creation phase, such as simple configuration, familiar and informal management adopted. There are, however, some evidence of an increasing complexity in projects with high growth during the development phase. Concerning the relational dimension and cognitive dimension both are relevant at different stages of entrepreneurial projects. As the projects are growing and creating value, there is a greater identification between entrepreneurs, and community organizations and local players, increasing the legitimacy of the enterprise and the entrepreneurial culture of the community.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the differences between customer satisfaction in the catering industry in two different countries: Lithuania and Portugal, and found that the determinants of customer satisfaction with catering facilities are quite similar in both countries.
Abstract: This paper analyzes the differences between customer satisfaction in the catering industry in two different countries: Lithuania and Portugal. The adjusted European Customer Satisfaction Index is applied for the measurement of the customer satisfaction in the catering industry. Data were collected in 2014, with the aim to identify the key factors that could affect the customer satisfaction in the catering industries in these two countries. The results indicate that the determinants of customer satisfaction with catering facilities are quite similar in both countries. Eight structural relations are significant: image influences expectations and loyalty; expectations influence perceived quality; perceived quality influences perceived value and satisfaction; perceived value influences satisfaction; and satisfaction influences loyalty and complaints. Three statistically non-significant direct causal relations are presented: complaints do not influence loyalty; expectations do not influence perceived value as well as satisfaction. Only one country-specific relation is detected: the effect of image on satisfaction is statistically significant only for Portuguese consumers.
TL;DR: In this article, structural equation models were used to evaluate factors affecting the adoption of information among members of online consumer communities and found that information utility, majorly driven by its relevance and reliability, is crucial for information adoption processes.
Abstract: Internet has revolutionized word-of-mouth marketing. Once face-to-face, word-of-mouth communications can now be exchanged globally via a multitude of platforms, allowing virtual strangers to share information regardless of geographical boundaries. This study aims to evaluate factors affecting the adoption of information among members of online consumer communities. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to analyze data from a 288 respondent sample acquired via survey and results indicate that information utility, majorly driven by its relevance and reliability, is crucial for information adoption processes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of trace constituents of Brazilian and Portuguese cultures on the establishment of relationships of trust is investigated, by means of research of a qualitative nature, utilizing the case study method.
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of trace constituents of Brazilian and Portuguese cultures on the establishment of relationships of trust. For this purpose the head office of a Portuguese multinational company and its subsidiary in Brazil were investigated, by means of research of a qualitative nature, utilizing the case study method. Regarding data collection, twelve interviews were carried out with managers drawn from both countries, based on an interview script developed from a wide-ranging review of the literature on the theme, especially that written from the anthropological perspective, as proposed by Schein (1992). The reports of the interviews gave evidence of the relevance of a more effective management of cultural artefacts, in particular greater attention to the sharing of values, in order to foster the building of stronger bonds of trust and to stimulate cultural contexts more in tune with contemporary organizational discourse.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used TripAdvisor and Booking data to determine whether an efficient use of these tools may have some relationship with the score obtained by hotels and, therefore, with its efficient management.
Abstract: Most Spanish hotels have adopted social media in recent years, but data indicate that many of them do it improperly, although a particularly intensive training for basic operation is not required. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether an efficient use of these tools may have some relationship with the score obtained by hotels and, therefore, with its efficient management. We use the information provided by customer’s reviews on TripAdvisor and Booking, observing different scores, depending on the use of social media. Data show that, in general, efficient use of social media generate better hotel scores.
TL;DR: The main purpose of as discussed by the authors is to analyze the influence that entrepreneurial orientation and absorptive capacities have on export performance of small and medium-sized footwear companies in foreign markets, and the contribution of this study to the theory of strategic management, since it is known that it encompasses deliberate and emerging initiatives to improve business performance.
Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to analyze the influence that entrepreneurial orientation and absorptive capacities have on export performance of small and medium-sized footwear companies. Therefore, this research adopted a quantitative methodological approach, conducting a descriptive, exploratory and transversal empirical study, having applied a questionnaire to a sample of Portuguese companies exporting footwear. From this study it was possible to conclude that entrepreneurial orientation and absorptive capacities enhance export performance of Portuguese footwear companies in foreign markets. It also underline the contribution of this study to the theory of strategic management, since it is known that it encompasses deliberate and emerging initiatives, including the use of resources and capabilities to improve business performance. This study presents entrepreneurial orientation and absorptive capacities as strategic determinants which contribute to the export performance.
TL;DR: In this paper, a framework on the use of servicescape is presented, considering the numerous influences in consumer perceptions, existing in the service environment, and the most used environment was hospitality (malls, restaurants, hotels).
Abstract: Considering the numerous influences in consumer perceptions, existing in the service environment, this study aimed to create a framework on use of servicescape. Has been analyzed scales used, variables, dimensions, environments and constructs used in previous publications. The chosen methodology was bibliometrics, using the Scopus database. Of the 85 selected articles, 36 used some kind of servicescape scale. These were analyzed manually and individually by content analysis. Most studies conducted research with consumers and the most used environment was hospitality (malls, restaurants, hotels). The resulting framework reflects the plurality of variables, factors and constructs linked to a discussion about service environment on consumer studies. This study contributes literature on the subject, but mainly for the construction of appropriate metric and future empirical studies.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors comprehend differences between museum managers perceptions and visitors' experience and propose a method to understand the difference between the two perceptions of the same museum managers and visitors.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to comprehend differences between museum’s managers perceptions and visitors’ experience. The methodol...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors stress the importance of a profound understanding of the stakeholders profile, based on active communication and legitimacy to participate, and consider that an adequate understanding of stakeholders profile and perspectives about several factors of the management process may reduce the most common problems deriving from its implementation.
Abstract: Tourism and recreation in protected areas is becoming increasingly relevant at an international and national level. Therefore, it is important that these areas adopt principles of planning and management of tourism and recreation practices in order to better fit in this growth and contribute to the sustainable development of the territories. Regarding management, we found participatory management as an essential condition for the achievement of sustainability principles. This article reflects a literature review regarding a better understanding of the fundamentals governing these processes. The reflections made in this article stress, along with procedural aspects, the importance of a profound understanding of the stakeholders profile, based on active communication and legitimacy to participate. It considers that an adequate understanding of the stakeholders profile and perspectives about the several factors of the management process may reduce the most common problems deriving from its implementation.